Field Of Terminology Research Articles

O‘ZBEKISTONDA YURIDIK TERMINLAR TEZAURUSINI YARATISH – DOLZARB VAZIFA

This article deals with the issues of legal linguistics, thesaurus, legal language, legal terminology, language of laws, legal style and legal translation. It is emphasized that the creation of a legal thesaurus platform in Uzbekistan is an urgent task. The research works carried out in the field of legal language and legal terminology during the years of independence is also analyzed and the problems in this sphere are identified. The use of legal terms in different forms leads to negative situations in legal practice, because such legal terms have semantically specific semantic subtleties, and when they are given in a legal text, these semantic subtleties become even more significant. This causes different understandings and interpretations of normative legal documents by specialists and citizens and negatively affects the process of implementation in practice, which is absolutely unacceptable in the legal aspect. Legal documents should be expressed very clearly and distinctly, and the person who reads them should understand only the meaning implied by the lawyer, not mixed with other concepts. The issues of law-making in the state language and jurisprudence in Uzbekistan, foreign and domestic experience in this sphere, and problems of jurisprudence have been analyzed and scientific proposals and recommendations for their solution have been given.

TRANSLATION OF PROPER NAMES IN EDUCATIONAL TERMINOLOGY

Summary. The paper elaborates the problem of translation of proper names in educational terminology from English into Ukrainian. This research is relevant since the literature review revealed lack of research on the issues of translation of proper names in terms of terminological fields as all previous research was mainly focused on the translation of proper names in fiction and literary texts. This study aims to analyze the peculiarities of translation of English proper names which belong to the lexical-semantic field of education into the Ukrainian language. The sources for the data of this research are the educational English-Ukrainian translation and explanatory dictionaries of educational lexicon, educational and pedagogical Internet sources. The main focus of the study is made on the culturally bound proper names as the present difficulty in rendering. The educational lexicon comprises a variety of proper names. Translation of nationally bound proper names presents a difficulty for translation. Transcoding and loan translation are productive ways of their rendering; however, they need additional explanation. Analogues are less productive way for the translation of culturally bound proper names in the field of education. Emergence of new proper names is affected by international cooperation; such lexemes are rendered by means of loan translation and do not present issues. The findings from this study add to the existing literature regarding the peculiarities and tendencies in the translation of proper names, which belong to the educational lexicon. Determining such peculiar features is the first stage to improving standardization and unification of the English- Ukrainian equivalents of proper names in the terminological field of education. This study fills the theoretical gap in which the researchers identified the need for further standardization and unification of the proper names in the terminological field of education.

Cognitive Term Frame: Creation of a Dictionary Entry on the Basis of a Specialized Text Corpus

The study deals with testing a specialized text corpus on the example of a number of cognitive linguistic terms with the hypernym frame. The corpus includes a subcorpus of scientific texts and a subcorpus of journalistic texts. The former is represented by 13 journals indexed in the RSCI; the latter one is represented by 10 significant Russian newspapers & magazines. The collected texts were lemmatized and tokenized, as well as automatically marked up using the Universal Dependencies standard. The corpus is used for creating a learner’s cognitive linguistic term dictionary. This lexicographic source includes 60 major terms in the university disciplines within cognitive sciences. The novelty of the approach is due to the thesaurus-encyclopedic type of dictionary which allows scholars to describe the word both as a term (a minimal component of scientific knowledge) and as a unit of scientific text in its various collocations and ontological relations (synonymy, quasi-synonymy, class-subclass; polysemy, etc.). The basis for describing the term systemic relations is corpus statistics: analysis of concordances, collocations, and n-grams. The results of using a specialized text corpus are presented on the example of a terminological field with the dominant frame. With the help of concordance lists, contexts of term usage are revealed and its derivational relations are established. The semantic and grammatical relationships of the term are characterized through n-grams analysis. Synonyms, hyponyms, hyperonyms of the term are described based on the study of collocations. The Dashinimaeva-Wang hypothesis about the links between the terms ‘concept’, ‘frame’, ‘gestalt’, and ‘image’ was also tested. Briefly characterized were the semantic transformations of the scientific term in the media discourse. Besides, systemic relations of the terms identified on the basis of corpus statistics were confirmed by the method of interpretative analysis of the contexts obtained from concordance lists. The data of automatically selected associative measures also largely agree with the results of the associative experiment carried out in the framework of the study.

СТИЛІСТИЧНА ПАРАДИГМА СОМАТИЗМІВ У ЗАГАЛЬНОМОВНОМУ І ПОЕТИЧНОМУ СЛОВНИКУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ КІНЦЯ ХХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТ.

У статті висвітлено сутність поняття «лінгвістична парадигма», підтверджено актуальність і методологічну обґрунтованість застосування відповідного поняття для систематизації одиниць різних мовних рівнів. Окрему увагу присвячено феноменові лексико-стилістичної парадигми. Проаналізовано співвідношення соматичної лексики у словнику сучасної української літературної мови та в поетичних текстах кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ ст.

PROBLEMS AND THEORITICAL TRANSLATION ISSUES OF TOURISM TERMS FROM ENGLISH INTO UZBEK

The article deals with the field of terminology and its theoretical issues, in particular, terms related to tourism and their translation problems.

The Civil Law Influence on the Tax Law Terminology and Legal Institutions

The purpose of this study is to analyze civil laws influence on tax law terminology and legal institutions.
 The article proves that the civil and tax law interconnection is based on unified property algorithms, which serve as the basis of most legal institutions of these branches of law. This permits civil law, as a relatively old and advanced branch of law, to have a great impact on tax law.
 In addition, this article investigates the continuation of civil and tax legal regulation that is causing civil events and legal facts to be considered in tax rules.
 The analysis of civil and tax legal terminology reveals a legal reception of the civil terms by the tax law, and some terms have changed their meanings. The author exposes problems caused by multiple meanings of legal terms and justifies the need for legal terms to be unambiguousness. It is been proven that the terminological field conception does not apply to solving the problems of civil law and tax law interconnection.
 In the concluding part of this article, an authorial methodology for solving the terminological problems is offered. This methodology involves the forms of civil laws influence on tax law.

НЕРЕАЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА VS ВТОРИЧНАЯ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ УСЛОВНОСТЬ В СОВЕТСКОМ И ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the two main principles of reflecting reality, which are denoted by different terms: realistic and non-realistic art, realistic and symbolic, realistic and idealistic, art of primary and secondary conventionality. The reasons for the disappearance of the first three pairs of terms from the terminological field and the motivation for the formation of the theory of conventions are considered. Along with terminological preferences, the issue of further differentiation of the methods of non-realistic art and the formation of a common approach to its study is being actualized.

MILITARI LEXIS AND TERMINOLOGY OF LANGUAGE OF MODERN MASS MEDIA

The article is devoted to the research of militari terminology in modern Ukrainian newspaper text. The term “terminology”, which many modern researchers use, today has considerably expanded its scope. In addition to naming the concepts of a particular scientific field, it denotes the term units used outside the terminology field in an unusual context for them, as well as professional vocabulary. The newspaper text of socio-political direction is and remains the basic component of the media. Despite the powerful development of modern media such as the Internet, television, radio, the newspaper remains one of the types of informative sources, if not in paper, then electronically. Struggling for their existence, for circulation and accessibility, journalists seek to make the language of presentation interesting, original, emotionally colored. One of the methods of updating, modernizing the newspaper text was the use of professional vocabulary to reflect contemporary socio-political realities on both the Ukrainian and world scale. The use of term units outside the language of science, the transfer of elements of scientific style to journalism provokes their lexical, semantic modifications under the influence of external and intra-language factors. The work specifies the specifics of the functioning of terminology in the modern newspaper text. There are two main groups of terminology that are active in the newspaper lexicon: terminology tags, which are used in the direct sense (that is, in their nominativedefining function) and terminology, used in the figurative sense, which acquire emotional and expressive connotations. The semantics of term units, performing nominative and communicative functions, depends on individual authoring methods of their introduction into the newspaper text. Militari terminology produces updates, modernization of the newspaper text through semantic transformations. This is a modification of the initial semantic loading of terminology and the emergence of portable value as a result of functioning in the author’s text, which is accompanied by the determinism process. In a new semantic field, the militari vocabulary loses its neutrality and acquires emotional and expressive connotations.

О некоторых аспектах современной топономастической терминологии

The problems of modern toponymic terminology are analyzed, the difficulties caused by differences between the terminological systems of different onomastic schools, as well as the intensity and individualization of modern toponymic research in Russia, are noted. The purpose of the research is to consider the currently existing collisions in the field of toponomastic terminology with a possible attempt to resolve them. Such aspects as the belonging of toponymy to a certain scientific paradigm, euphony, synonymy, new terms, translation issues are highlighted. Methods are proposed that could make it possible to come to a certain unification of the terms used. Attempts have been made to introduce new terminological units in the field of ottoponymic derivatives, as well as the typology and classification of toponyms. It is concluded that it is necessary to generalize toponymic studies and prepare a dictionary of toponomastic terminology, including the forms of Soviet, Russian and Western scientific knowledge in toponomastics. The practical significance of the work lies in focusing the attention of specialists on certain aspects of the functioning of the modern toponomastic terminological system and in the possibility of using the proposed new terms. According to the author, the creation of a modern dictionary of toponomastic terminology would contribute to the generalization of research and the elimination of a number of terminological problems.

Training professional skills using the Latin language (the case of medical specialties)

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the study of the Latin language in a medical university has a purely professional orientation. The main goal of mastering this discipline is to train competent specialists to be proficient in professional terminology. Within the framework of this research, an attempt has been made to demonstrate the possibilities of the Latin language in teaching professional skills of future doctors and pharmacists. The article discusses three subsystems of medical terminology: anatomical-histological, clinical and pharmaceutical ones. As for the anatomical and histological section, typical mistakes and difficulties faced by students have been analyzed, and examples of tasks used by the author to solve these problems given. In the clinical section, the emphasis is made on the tasks that allow you to create an atmosphere of professional activity in the classroom and bring it closer to practical activity. The development of the pharmaceutical section is aimed at forming the terminological competence of future medical workers in the field of pharmaceutical terminology and general formulation. The author gives a brief overview of the material studied at this stage, and gives examples of practical tasks for its better assimilation. All the materials and exercises described in the article are used by the author in the process of teaching Latin in a medical university. Empirical methods, methods of comparison and analysis have been used in the research.As a result, it has been shown that successful teaching professional skills at a medical university is largely possible due to the study of the Latin language.

Specifics of periphrase implementation in maritime English

The purpose of the study is the use of periphrasis in maritime English. Considering this, the following main tasks were formulated: to analyze periphrastic expressions, with their subsequent systematization of this material; to consider the existing classifications of periphrase; to establish the use of periphrase in maritime English for understanding and remembering with the help of the computer-based training system STEP. The relevance of the study is provided by the nature and purpose of periphrasis; the lack of a clear and precise definition of periphrasis in the field of maritime terminology, since even when considering its conceptual system, controversial points are observed. The analysis of references makes it possible to define periphrases as linguistic means used in various real-life situations, with the possibility of selecting them to transmit the same thought in professional maritime communicative activity.

Terminology

This article introduces the field of terminology, which often considers the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster as its founder in the 1930s, although important principles go back in time, in particular to 18th and 19th century botanists, zoologists and chemists. The contributions of Wüster are presented, as well as the alternative theories, with their criticism of Wüster’s position, which came to influence the field after 1990. The article further suggests that domain-analytic studies based on epistemological studies of knowledge domains seems to have been overlooked. The relations between terminology and knowledge organization are addressed, and closer cooperation between the two fields is called for.

NON-ACADEMIC MUSIC: PROBLEMS OF DEFENSE AND VITAL MEASURES

Nowadays modern music culture is represented by a number of trends – academic music, rock, pop music, jazz, folklore, world music. Although each of these branches can be analyzed independently, but sometimes there are developments that require a definitive generalization term that would allow them to consider these directions more systematically, creating a space for a comparative approach. In order to denote a set of directions that have no common features with academic music, the following terms were used in domestic art studies such as pop music, entertainment, light, mass, third-generation music. According to our conviction, their use was limited to some extent within the scientific discourse of the XX century, but with the changing socio-cultural realities, revision needs their further application. According to our belief, it is expedient to make the following headings, such as: academic, non-academic music and folklore, which have fundamentally different outgoing essential positions, by conducting a typology of musical directions. The formation of music of a non-academic tradition can be noted in the culture of the New time. Non-academic music can be considered as endowed with the following criteria: first of all, it is often created by unprofessional composers. When it comes to the rock work, it is mostly the result of collective creativity of the group’s performers. When it comes to jazz, there is a slightly different situation. The main genre used in nonacademic music is a song (in rock direction and pop direction). However, jazz works are based on a somewhat different principle, because vocal, vocal-instrumental and instrumental compositions are rarely associated with virtue available in the song genre, but often embodied in the form of theme-improvisation on it, which became traditional for jazz. If the musical form of the fixation of a work is more characteristic of academic music (though since the second half of the 20th century, within the framework of “concrete” and “electronic” music, there are many examples of the existence of an audio recording work), while for non-academic music, it is the audio version that is characteristic and much less often – a note that is usually created after the song has gained popularity and has become a wider public. The note text is mostly published by the official representatives of the group or performer, which is more common in the Western world or is distributed by the electronic version of the musical text. It should be noted that a number of researchers continue to perceive non-academic music as being of a lower quality. It is clear that academic music has a much smaller audience than non-academic. However, when trying to substantiate the need to change the priority of academic music, one should not diminish the benefits of non-academic. Existing attempts to determine the totality of trends in contemporary music require rethinking. Due to the development of practice, it is necessary to revise the terminology field. There are such areas as academic and non-academic music, which exist at the level of folklore. Non-academic music is a concept that combines jazz, rock, pop and world music. This direction involves the presence of one or more performers who present their own works or other composers who are not related to the academic field. Characteristic is the existence of works not in the music, but in the audio or video format, often unprofessional level of performance, the refusal of sustainable traditional genres and forms and targeting a wide audience.

Linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system

The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system. The purpose of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the formation of diplomatic terms in different languages. After developed states engage diplomatically with other countries, diplomatic terms are formed in their languages. This is one of the most important approaches to expanding the terminological field in the language of the country. International terms are adopted with diplomatic terms. It is essential to study carefully the terminology process and the specific implementation of diplomatic terms which were adopted from foreign languages. Care must be taken to avoid alternative meanings of words in the national language in use. The comparative method, the content-text method and methods of terminological analysis were used in our research. The article identified common diplomatic terms in the field of lexical language borrowings and in the original language. The most used equivalents of foreign terms, mainly from the English, are outlined. The vocabulary building of diplomatic terms was also noted. The study of the semantics of similar diplomatic terms in terminology systems of different languages seems promising.

Idiolect – idiostyle – Sociolect: Differentiation and Interrelation of Linguistic Terms

The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the importance of distinguishing the concepts of idiolect, idiostyle, and sociolect in linguistic science, understanding the processes occurring at the border of the terminological field, and using psychological, sociological, and communicative aspects to understand the mechanisms of building these concepts. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of linguistic terms based on various criteria, in particular the number of communicants (speakers), social marking or neutrality of the lexical layer, the purpose, conditions, and purposes of the development of certain language layers, the features of the design of lexemes at different levels of the national language (phonological, phonetic, grammatical, morphological, stylistic, syntactic). The main method of research is a theoretical approach to understanding the concepts of idiolect, idiostyle, and sociolect, searching for relationships between them and differences. This study discloses the main intralingual and extralingual factors that contribute to the development, identification, or isolation of these concepts, the features of the coexistence of these terms in contexts with different stylistic content, considers the mechanisms by which the boundaries between these concepts can be outlined, focuses on modern research on the emergence of idiolects, idiostyles, and sociolects. The materials presented in this study will help to further study terminological processes in depth, in particular, contextual and conceptological, global interdisciplinary influences in the national space, mechanisms of isolation and structuring of certain terms to expand or narrow already known meanings.

Anatomical and medical terminology: new challenges and perspectives

Abstract In science and medicine, terminology is a precise system of terms that are generally accepted in a given discipline. In anatomy, it is important to distinguish between terminology and nomenclature, which is an officially accepted set of terms arranged according to certain rules and principles. The Terminologia Anatomica (1998) has been the golden standard in the field of terminology, even though it contains minor errors, inaccuracies, discrepancies, multiplication of terms, inconvenient terms as well as synonyms and identical names for different structures. All of these problems need to be solved in the future, which is a key cchallenge in the field. Another major challenge is to create a clear, precise, logical, flawless and worldwide accepted list of anatomical terms that would cover all the names that are used in education and clinical practice. Many researchers and clinicians assert that this task is still ahead of us. The aim of this article is to explain why the longstanding tradition of medical terminology should be respected and why major and rapid changes should never be endorsed. Anatomical terminology, if correctly used, is a basic tool of communication both within and outside the field. It is also a guide through the intricacies of the human anatomy.

Philosophical and Pedagogical Discourse in the Postmodern Educational Space: Peculiarities of Distance Learning

The article presents a philosophical understanding and real interpretation of the existence and evolution of pedagogical (educational) discourse in the postmodern space. The results of scientific research are analyzed and the structural-semantic relationship of the concepts, terms and categories associated with the terminological field “discourse” is defined. The authors raise the problem of the postmodern significance of discourse in the period of the global transformation of the educational environment, caused by the pandemic COVID-19, which has put humanity before the fact of actualization of remote communication and receipt of educational services. The authors believe that distance learning should be provided with strong technical and technological support on the one hand and the use of this vector set of educational, pedagogical, learning and development technologies in the preparation of future specialists in the system of higher education on the other. The article deals with new approaches to the application of discourse-supporting technologies and methods. Thus, the emphasis is placed on the relevance of an open informational and educational environment of higher education institutions in the postmodern space where the role of discourse as a constructive tool of postmodernism is determined by the new interpretation, and the teacher becomes a generator of innovations in this context.

Лингвистические особенности американской политкорректности напримеререализации тенденции“People First” в современном английском языке

Political correctness is one of the key values of the American society that characterizes the distinguishing features of the national mentality. The ideas of political correctness are quite vividly represented in American English at the lexical, syntactic and communicative levels. The authors attempt to study the language implementation of the “People First” trend that emerged in the United States in the early 1990s, using the example of transformations in the field of medical terminology. Eliminating discrimination against people with physical and mental disabilities, rejecting expressions backed by negative stereotypes, are the main goals of the “People First” trend. The authors have analysed the background and history of this trend, and also described the lexical and syntactic features of euphemisms, which are the main tool of political correctness. An analysis of the materials of the meetings of the Commission on the Psychological Problems of Disability of the American Psychological Association made it possible to determine the list of the most “challenging” wordings and their “desirable” variants and to determine the peculiarities of lexical euphemization and complementary syntactic modifications. The study of political correctness as a social, cultural and linguistic phenomenon is relevant for modern linguistics and cultural linguistics, as it allows to get an idea of the English speakers’ mentality and world representation. The purpose of the paper is to describe linguistic features of euphemisms within the framework of medical terminology that appeared with the development of the “People First” trend, taking into account the recommendations of activists, doctors and psychologists. The use of methods of structural-syntactic, contextual, component, lexico-semantic analysis, as well as the method of continuous and cluster sampling made it possible to identify the special features of the implementation of the studied trend in language, culture and modern communication.

Terminological System of Hydraulic Engineering: Diffuseness of Terminological Fields and Polycentricity

The presents a study of the lexical units of the language of the specialty “Hydrotechnikal Сonstruction” based on a selection of dictionaries, textbooks, articles, regulations and scientific and journalistic texts. There is analysis of concepts of term, terminological field, terminological system, core and their interpretation in the scientific literature. The purpose of the study is to propose a thematic and derivational classification of hydrotechical terms to build a model of a terminological system. The multidimensionality of the hydrotechnical profile, including construction, hydrology and ecology, as well as related to biology, hydropower generation, navigation, agriculture and other branches of scientific and practical activity, is noted. In this regard, a horizontal structure of the terminological fields of the hydrotechnical system is proposed; the set of lexical units of the language of the specialty “hydraulic engineering” is considered as an ordered terminological system with a multi-core structure. The polycentricity of the system of hydrotechnical terms and the difusseness of its constituent microfields has been proved using a quantitative method. The novelty of the study is caused by the specifics of the material, which has been little studied so far, as well as the approach to its systematization. Observation of the hydrotechnical vocabulary made it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the relatively small number of borrowings in its corpus, which in turn determines the ambivalent nature of many hydrotechnical terms and the diffuseness of the microfields that form the terminological system. The study of hydrotechnical terms showed that the process of formation of terminological units can take place in a different sequence: from word to term or from term to word. Moreover, along with the term, its etymon can continue to be used in the general literary language. Derivation is active; however, the borrowing of terms is not the main source of replenishment of hydrotechnical terminology. The conclusions are drawn about the special structure of the terminological system, which reflects the multidimensional nature of. The Hydrotechnikal Сonstruction”, polycentric nature of the hydrotechnical terminological system, which includes intersecting term fields, is explained by the history of the industry and inter-industry relations. The results are necessary for the preparation of a manual for foreigners studying this discipline in Russian, which represents the relevance and practical significance of the study.

Blended Educational Technologies in Higher Education: Systematic Review of Domestic Publications

The article presents the results of generalization and systematization of scientific and practical information on the variety of types of blended educational technologies used in Russian higher education institutions. This specific product of digitalization causes the greatest interest of researchers and practitioners in the field of education. This systematic review is based on national scientific publications related to the development and practical implementation of educational technologies in higher education. The authors have analyzed 180 papers published between 2016 and 2021 in peer-reviewed scientific journals approved by the Higher Attestation Commission. Methods of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, systems analysis and contextological analysis, as well as analytical grouping, have been used.Content analysis of publications showed that the main property of blended educational technologies is their variability, which manifests itself through the described system of indicators. However, the structural organization of blended educational technologies models remains the most debatable issue among researches.The authors have identified and described the main directions in the development of the theory and practical application of blended educational technologies, namely: the formation of the structure and boundaries of the conceptual and terminological field; elaboration of the methodological basis of blended education development and definition of theoretical basis for changing traditional learning systems by designing a learning process based on the mechanisms of pedagogical and digital technologies integration.It has been established that the empirical studies with the elements of experimental work focused on defining the most effective combinations of traditional and digital educational technologies dominate in the national scientific community. The most popular methods of such integration include rotation of forms and types of learning activity in traditional and digital learning environments, integration of digital and traditional educational technologies based on the Moodle learning management system, as well as inclusion of separate forms and means of e-learning in the educational process.