Telecom Operators Research Articles

The Use of Licensing to Promote Competition among Telecom Operators and the Growth of Mobile Telecommunication Networks in Nigeria, 2011-2022

Many practitioners and investors have praised the use of licensing to enhance competition in the telecom sector due to its real effects on the Nigerian economy. However, since 2011, subscribers in the industry have had a mixed experience with the license issue due to problems with telecom companies' exploitative tendencies and antics, which make it difficult for customers to acquire reliable and reasonably priced telecoms services. With a focus on the institutional and legal safeguards put in place by the government to ensure that the operators abide by the licensing and regulation powers granted to them by the law, the study essentially examines how licensing affects competition among telecom operators and the expansion of mobile telecom networks in Nigeria. The paper's methodology adopted the documentary approach, and the data were ostensibly gathered from secondary sources and examined in terms of substance. Neo-liberal theory of the state provided a sufficient theoretical foundation for the examination of the study. The paper's findings demonstrate that while the expansion of Nigeria's mobile telecom networks is aided by the use of licensing to promote competition among telecom operators, consumers' access to affordable and high-quality telecommunications services is restricted by the exploitative tendencies and antics of telecom companies. The paper's suggestions were based on these findings, and one of them was that Telecommunications service tariffs must always be cost-oriented and reflect the actual costs borne by operators to provide the services in question.

Customer Experience, Loyalty, and Churn in Bundled Telecommunications Services

The telecommunications industry is highly competitive, as operators engage in fierce attacks, especially in bundled services, to acquire new customers originating high churn rate. The objective of this paper is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the switching of operators for bundled services among telecom operators. The paper includes a quantitative study with 3,004 customers utilizing bundled services from a Portuguese telecom operator. Employing covariance-based structural equation modeling and logit regression, the research shows that internet service, television service, and the service provided by the contact center exert the greatest impact on loyalty to the operator. In contrast, landline service has an insignificant effect, while loyalty has a negative influence on customer churn. This study offers telecommunications managers insights for identifying the main factors to retain customers and curbing customer defection. Additionally, it provides a framework for assessing customer experience within bundled telecom services, which is useful for researchers, managers and marketing practitioners alike.

WaveTel – Introduction of AutoRecharge

The WaveTel case concerns distribution channel management, technology adoption and NPD issues in the Indian telecom industry. WaveTel, part of the JBL group, is the largest telecom operator in India. It entered a competitive market in 2016 and quickly rose to the top spot on the back of cheap data and call rates and a strong 4G network. The case is set in 2021 when the company has introduced AutoRecharge – a technology solution that automates the selling of prepaid recharge balance from distributors to retailers. The primary decision point that the case protagonist, Diwakar Kumar, CEO of StratG – the consulting firm that helped conceptualize and develop AutoRecharge for WaveTel – faces is how to salvage a launch gone awry. Should he recommend that WaveTel proceed with the rollout? If yes, then how does he overcome channel resistance and conflict? Or should he recommend killing the solution and going back to the drawing board?

Greening Service Capacity in Telecom Supply Chain under Environmental Regulation

Comprehensive understandings about how to realize service capability greenness in the telecom sector are still rare. In this paper, a non-serial telecom supply chain consisting of an infrastructure supplier, a content provider and a telecom operator is formulated under environmental regulation. The telecom operator aims to find the optimal green procurement ratio between traditional and green equipment. Some common real-life situations are assumed, and the service capacity greenness problems are solved by game theory regarding coordination and interaction among supply chain partners. The results show that the prevailing concern of managers’ “energy saving is not money saving” is the direct reason for a mixed purchase strategy. Further, when diseconomy of purchasing energy-saving equipment reaches a certain threshold, tightening environmental regulation may cause telecom companies to reduce the proportion of energy-saving equipment purchased. Finally, the telecom sector is characterized by its booming service capacity per equipment, which benefits green purchase ratio greatly. When the other six influencing factors are relatively stable, the driving force of telecommunication technology update will push the telecom sector to a greener future.

The Impact of User-Generated Content on Brand Equity Dimensions and Purchase Intention of Egyptian Telecom Operators’ Subscribers

The Impact of User-Generated Content on Brand Equity Dimensions and Purchase Intention of Egyptian Telecom Operators’ Subscribers

Enhancing IT Telecom Operations: The Vital Role of Smart Monitoring Systems By IJISRT

In the digital era, Information Technology (IT) and telecommunications rooms are at the heart of organizational operations, facilitating communication, data exchange, and crucial business processes. The reliability and efficiency of these facilities are paramount, necessitating the adoption of advanced monitoring solutions. Smart monitoring systems, leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and real-time data analytics, play a critical role in optimizing the performance and reliability of IT telecom environments. This article explores the importance of smart monitoring systems in IT telecom rooms, highlighting their impact on operational efficiency, risk management, and strategic decision-making. By integrating smart monitoring solutions, organizations can significantly enhance the resilience, security, and performance of their telecom infrastructure.

SYNTHESIZING AI'S IMPACT ON CYBERSECURITY IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

As the telecommunications sector increasingly relies on interconnected digital infrastructure, the proliferation of cyber threats poses significant challenges to security and operational integrity. This review presents a conceptual framework for understanding and harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in fortifying cybersecurity within the telecommunications industry. The framework integrates the transformative capabilities of AI with the unique demands of cybersecurity in telecommunications, aiming to enhance threat detection, mitigation, and response strategies. It encompasses a multidimensional approach that encompasses both technical and organizational facets, recognizing the interconnectedness of technology, human factors, and regulatory environments. Firstly, the framework delves into the application of AI in bolstering proactive threat intelligence gathering and analysis. Through advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques, AI empowers telecom operators to identify anomalous patterns, predict potential vulnerabilities, and pre-emptively adapt defensive measures. Secondly, it explores AI-driven solutions for dynamic risk assessment and adaptive cybersecurity protocols. By leveraging real-time data analytics and automated decision-making, telecom networks can swiftly adapt to evolving threats and ensure continuous protection against intrusions or breaches. Furthermore, the framework emphasizes the role of AI in augmenting human capabilities through intelligent automation and cognitive assistance. By offloading routine tasks and providing context-aware insights, AI enables cybersecurity professionals to focus on strategic initiatives and complex threat scenarios. Lastly, the framework addresses the imperative of ethical considerations, accountability, and transparency in deploying AI for cybersecurity in telecommunications. It advocates for responsible AI governance frameworks that prioritize privacy, fairness, and bias mitigation while fostering collaboration across industry stakeholders. In summary, this conceptual framework provides a roadmap for harnessing AI's transformative potential to fortify cybersecurity resilience in telecommunications, thereby safeguarding critical infrastructure and ensuring the integrity of global communication networks.
 Keywords: AI, Cybersecurity, Telecommunication, Framework, Conceptual, Impact, Review.

A game-theoretical approach for the adoption of government-supported blockchain application in the IoT-enabled agricultural supply chain

Establishing a reliable, cost-effective, and data-accessible supply chain is a requirement for all administrations. The significance of such a supply chain lies in its ability to strengthen national resiliency, ensure economic security, and foster sustainable growth. Governments know financial investments and subsidies in infrastructure, logistics, and technology are necessary for a robust supply chain. This paper proposes an IoT-enabled agricultural supply chain that integrates with a cooperative Nash game between two parties: telecommunications operators and agricultural enterprises. The aim is to establish cooperative decision-making procedures in advance of the integration of blockchain technology into the supply chain, which is regulated by the subsidy policy of the government. The Nash game yields a unique Nash equilibrium, indicating that both parties can engage in cooperative negotiations regarding their participation in the blockchain application to maximize their financial profits. To illustrate the efficacy of Nash collaboration in blockchain adoption, this study presents two scenarios where non-cooperative behavior is explored to analyze stakeholder responses in competitive contexts. Numerical results justify the theoretical findings and suggest Nash cooperation among stakeholders instead of competition in the blockchain-based agri-food market, which leads to a more accessible market environment that ultimately benefits consumers. Moreover, the positive and negative aspects of the deployment of the government-supported blockchain application are derived through sensitivity analyses conducted on subsidy rate, agricultural market price, subsidy amount, and blockchain market. Practical managerial implications are derived from the findings and observations to help policymakers formulate blockchain policies in agricultural supply chains supported by governments.

A Comparative Analysis of Telecom Service Providers Among Graduate, Postgraduate, and Fresh Working Students

The purpose of this study paper is to compare telecom service providers for graduate, postgraduate, and first- time working students. Understanding customer preferences and behaviors across various demographic groups is essential for telecommunication service providers given the expansion of communications services. This study aims to determine the differences in preferences and satisfaction levels between these three categories by looking at things like pricing, network coverage, service quality, brand reputation, and customer support. The study intends to provide insights into the specific demands and preferences of graduate, postgraduate and first-year working students in selecting telecom service providers through surveys and data analysis. Students were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire in order to obtain the primary data. Three distinct groups' worth of questionnaires were thoroughly examined in total. According to the survey, students' choices vary as their qualifications develop while they are seeking their degrees, after they graduate, and once they begin working. It has been discovered that their selection criteria for telecom operators are entirely different. The study's conclusions can guide the development of marketing plans and product offerings aimed at these particular demographic groups. Keywords: Graduate and Post Graduates Students, Preferences, Service Selection Criteria, Telecom Service Providers

Feature of the forward error correction constructions for optical transport networks

Due to the rapid increase of network traffic in the last few years, many telecommunication operators have started transitions to 100G optical networks and beyond. However, high speed optical networks need more efficient Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes to deal with the optical impairments. Forward error correction is widely used in optical communications to improve error correction and extend optical transmission distance. It is also used to reduce optical transmitter power and system costs. In response to the rapid growth of optical communications, the ITU-T has started researching FEC coding and has recommended ITU-T G.709 and G.975.1. As optical transmission systems evolve towards longer transmission distance, greater capacity, and speeds of 100G and beyond a variety of unwanted effects are seriously affecting smooth evolution. In optical transport network, FEC is getting more and more important as spectral efficiency is increasing. As 100G system is commercialized, there are some trends in the evolution of FEC, for example overhead is increased from 7% to 20% or even more. High-performance FEC codes are therefore being developed so that higher net coding gain (NCG) and better error correction can be achieved. The Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) suggests that soft-decision forward-error correction (SD-FEC) with a redundancy of 20% and beyond be used in a 100G DWDM coherent system. The use of advanced modulation formats is a promising solution for attaining such high data rates in optical networks. However, as a signal constellation grows in size, so does the optical signal to signal-to-noise ratio it requires to achieve a certain bit error rate (BER). This will degrade the error correction capability. Decoding is moving from hard to soft. Vendors are developing their own advanced codes instead of using codes recommended by ITU-T. Because different application systems have different decoding performance, latency, power and cost requirements, FEC systems with various transmission overhead, implementation complexity, burst-error correction ability and error floor are available in today’s market. Soft-decision FEC often uses turbo product codes and low density parity check (LDPC) codes. In research area, new codes such as LDPC codes and their different varieties are introduced into optical communication. Optimized codeword structure and decoding algorithm that provides low BER. LDPC codes can be very powerful, but their practical implementation for optical communications links at ultra-high data rates remains a challenge since the decoding of the code requires soft-decision bits about the received bits. A family of structured codes known as quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, whose common structural properties can be exploited by unified encoding and decoding architectures to reduce the complexity in implementation.

ANALYSIS FF FACTORS AFFECTING PROFIT GROWTH OF CELLULAR TELECOMMNUNICATION OPERATOR COMPANIES ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

A comparison will be made between the Current Ratio (CR), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Return on Assets (ROA) in connection to the increase of profits in infrastructure-related cellular telecommunications operator enterprises (XL, Telkomsel, Smartfren, and Indosat) between the years 2016 and 2022. A number of tests are included in the research protocol. These tests are as follows: the Chi-Square test (CoW) for selecting a common effect model, the likelihood ratio test (LM) for selecting a random effect model, the Breusch-Pagan test for detecting heteroscedasticity, the Multicollinearity test for identifying multicollinearity, the regression test with the common effect model (CEM) for determining the effect of independent variables on earnings growth, and the coefficient of determination test for determining the ability of CR, NPM, and ROA to explain earnings growth variability. The data indicates that the activities of mobile telecom operator enterprises operating within the infrastructure sector had a positive influence on the increase of profits derived from CR, NPM, and ROA. In accordance with the results of the LM test, the Common Effect Model is more appropriate than the Random Effect Model. In addition, the Breusch-Pagan test shows the absence of heteroscedasticity in the model. Multicol test also confirmed the absence of multicollinearity problem in the analysis. This study provides important insights into the factors that influence earnings growth in the mobile telecommunications industry in the infrastructure sector. These results can assist company management in designing more effective financial strategies to achieve better earnings growth.

Understanding Mobile OTT Service Users' Resistance to Participation in Wireless D2D Caching Networks.

With the explosive pace of mobile over-the-top (OTT) video content streaming services, mobile network traffic has seen unprecedented growth in recent years. However, the limitation of antenna performance, the burden of investment cost, and restricted resources hinder improving the current mobile networks' functionality. Accordingly, wireless device-to-device (D2D) caching networks came to the fore as one of the competitive alternatives for alleviating the overloads of mobile network traffic. Wireless D2D caching networks can be a desirable alternative for OTT service providers and telecommunication operators, but the problem is user resistance. User participation is imperative to deliver wireless D2D caching network functionality successfully. Thus, to gain a deeper understanding of user resistance toward wireless D2D caching networks and their underlying sources, this study introduces two perceived cost factors contributing to this resistance and one perceived benefit that mitigates such resistance. Based on an online survey, this study found new theoretical links among perceived costs and benefits, resistance, and participation intention. The findings reveal that user resistance is predicted by perceived costs, encompassing resource sacrifices and privacy concerns, whereas perceived benefits-specifically, perceived usefulness-did not significantly influence resistance. This implies that telecommunication operators should prioritize market requirements over technological advantages, emphasizing the potential for successful commercialization of wireless D2D caching networks.

The influence of business process outsourcing on the productivity of the mobile telecommunication companies

Economics of business and increased focus on operating efficiencies are leading mobile telecom service providers to outsource non-core business process elements, infrastructure systems, and customer service, although the trade-off on the influence of business process outsourcing (BPO) on the firm’s productivity is still inconclusive. Few empirical studies or research have been conducted to analyze the influence of BPO on the firm’s productivity levels in the mobile telecom operators of Southern African developing countries. This research tries to redress the existing knowledge gap and the limited body of literature by providing both descriptive and empirical evidence on the influence of BPO on the firm‘s productivity levels of mobile telecom operators. A structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect raw data from 210 employees. Descriptive and chi-square tests were conducted to establish the statistically significant relationship between business process outsourcing and the firm’s productivity levels. The results reflect a statistically significant relationship between the implementation of BPO and the firm’s productivity. The study has practical implications for service and industrial practitioners, managers, scholars, and government policymakers in that they can strategically plan their BPO practices and link those practices to the organizations' productivity performance. Further research can be conducted in other industries in order to do comparison studies confirming lessons gained across industries on the effect of BPO on a firm’s productivity levels.

Анализ и прогнозирование трафика современных телекоммуникационных систем на основе методов искусственного интеллекта

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have demonstrated significant success in solving the problem of traffic analysis and forecasting in various telecommunication systems. Forecasting allows the telecom operator to know about the future behavior of the network, take timely necessary measures to improve the quality of customer service, and decide on the need to install or upgrade equipment. Using data collected from IoT mobile devices as an example, this article provides an overview and analysis of various time series forecasting models describing the traffic behavior of telecommunication systems. Forecasting models such as the exponential smoothing method, linear regression, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method, the support vector machine regression method, the N-BEATS method, which uses fully connected layers of a neural network for forecasting a one-dimensional time series, are discussed; the features of some of them are briefly outlined. For a specific data array, data preparation operations are described: removing unused columns, replacing missing data on transaction durations with their median values, and describing the main statistical characteristics of the data array. A preliminary data analysis is presented, which consists of using smoothing methods: moving average and exponential smoothing. The process of training models and a comparative analysis of the quality of their training are described. For this data set, it was concluded that for the UDP protocol the ARIMA model has the best learning quality, for the TCP protocol - linear regression and the Theta model, for the HTTPS protocol – linear regression, ARIMA and N-BEATS.

The impact of over-the-top service providers on the Global Mobile Telecom Industry: A quantified analysis and recommendations for recovery

Telecom industry is significantly evolving all over the globe than ever. Mobile users’ number is increasing remarkably. Telecom operators are investing to get more users connected and to improve user experience, however, they are facing various challenges. Decrease of main revenue streams of voice calls, SMS (Short Message Service) and LDC (Long distance calls) with a significant increase in data traffic. In contrary, with free cost, OTT (Over the top) providers such as WhatsApp and Facebook communication services rendered over networks that built and owned by MNOs. Recently, OTT services gradually substituting the traditional MNOs` services and became ubiquitous with the help of the underlying data services provided by MNOs. The OTTs` services massive penetration into telecom industry is driving the MNOs to reconsider their strategies and revenue sources. Objective: The research objective is to critically evaluate the impact of OTT providers on MNOs. With the empirical evidences, the research explores a quantified impact of OTTs on MNOs main revenue streams, and breakdown this impact to highlight effect`s significance. Followed by a statistical trend analysis of global MNOs` revenue over the last decade. Additionally, the research aims to compile, evaluate, and analyze set of former proposed strategies for MNOs to overcome the OTTs` impact. Methods: Referring to available open source raw data collected from GSMA and official telecommunications regulatory authorities worldwide, the research develops a statistical model based on regression and extrapolation to analyze the global MNOs` revenue trend. Findings: This study reveals a hidden revenue loss for global telecommunications industry represented in all MNOs all over the world. The study corelates the hidden revenue loss to OTTs evolution. The study finds out that SMS is the most impacted traditional service of MNOs and predicted that it will vanish at quarter 4 of 2022. Recommendations: MNOs to apply 4 different strategies varying from competing to partnering with OTTs based on the services overlapping level and OTT size. MNOs need to target OPEX and CAPEX reductions and develop their own multi-functional customer-oriented OTT application.

Telecom data analytics: Informed decision-making: A review across Africa and the USA

Telecom data analytics has emerged as a pivotal tool for transforming raw data into actionable insights, empowering telecom operators to make informed decisions and enhance the overall efficiency of their networks. This abstract provides an overview of the comprehensive review that explores the landscape of telecom data analytics in both Africa and the USA. The review delves into the diverse strategies, challenges, and opportunities associated with telecom data analytics in these regions. It examines how advanced analytics techniques, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, are being leveraged to extract valuable insights from vast datasets. The comparative analysis highlights contextual differences in regulatory environments, infrastructure development, and technological landscapes that influence the adoption and implementation of telecom data analytics. In Africa, where the telecom landscape is dynamic and diverse, the review explores how data analytics is playing a crucial role in addressing connectivity challenges, optimizing network performance, and expanding telecommunications services. It also considers the impact of regulatory frameworks and investment climates on the deployment of data analytics solutions. In the USA, a mature telecom market with high technological adoption, the review investigates how data analytics is shaping decision-making processes, improving customer experiences, and contributing to the development of innovative services. It delves into the regulatory landscape, market dynamics, and the role of data analytics in maintaining a competitive edge. Throughout the review, the focus is on identifying best practices, lessons learned, and cross-regional insights that can inform the future trajectory of telecom data analytics. The abstract encapsulates the broader themes of the review, offering a glimpse into the critical role played by data analytics in shaping the telecom industry across Africa and the USA.

Использование сторонами защиты и обвинения данных операторов связи в целях установления обстоятельств совершения преступлений

The article discusses non-standard directions for using data from telecom operators; the growing practice of using data from telecom operators by the defense side is analyzed; the relevance of the use of billing data in supervising the implementation of the law during the implementation of operational investigative activities and investigative actions is emphasized; the effectiveness of solving and investigating crimes when obtaining details of telephone connections is noted; materials from judicial and investigative practice are examined and recommendations are given to prevent violations of the law.

5G NETWORK MODEL DEVELOPMENT IN ANYLOGIC ENVIRONMENT

This article describes the analysis of programs for modeling 5G networks. In the selected AnyLogic program, a 5G network model with several base stations that have different characteristics was created. Studies of this model have been made taking into account various disciplines of the queue, the load on each station has been calculated at different priorities. It is proved that this model can be used to study and evaluate the of data transmission efficiency in 5G networks, as well as to analyze the impact of the characteristics of additional parameters (latency, load and priorities) on the quality of data processing. The studies confirmed that the developed 5G network model can help telecom operators optimize performance of their networks and ensure more efficient use of allocated resources.

Barriers and Implications of 5G Technology Adoption for Hospitals in Western China: Integrated Interpretive Structural Modeling and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Analysis.

5G technology is gaining traction in Chinese hospitals for its potential to enhance patient care and internal management. However, various barriers hinder its implementation in clinical settings, and studies on their relevance and importance are scarce. This study aimed to identify critical barriers hampering the effective implementation of 5G in hospitals in Western China, to identify interaction relationships and priorities of the above-identified barriers, and to assess the intensity of the relationships and cause-and-effect relations between the adoption barriers. This paper uses the Delphi expert consultation method to determine key barriers to 5G adoption in Western China hospitals, the interpretive structural modeling to uncover interaction relationships and priorities, and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to reveal cause-and-effect relationships and their intensity levels. In total, 14 barriers were determined by literature review and the Delphi method. Among these, "lack of policies on ethics, rights, and responsibilities in core health care scenarios" emerged as the fundamental influencing factor in the entire system, as it was the only factor at the bottom level of the interpretive structural model. Overall, 8 barriers were classified as the "cause group," and 6 as the "effect group" by the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method. "High expense" and "organizational barriers within hospitals" were determined as the most significant driving barrier (the highest R-C value of 1.361) and the most critical barrier (the highest R+C value of 4.317), respectively. Promoting the integration of 5G in hospitals in Western China faces multiple complex and interrelated barriers. The study provides valuable quantitative evidence and a comprehensive approach for regulatory authorities, hospitals, and telecom operators, helping them develop strategic pathways for promoting widespread 5G adoption in health care. It is suggested that the stakeholders cooperate to explore and solve the problems in the 5G medical care era, aiming to achieve the coverage of 5G medical care across the country. To our best knowledge, this study is the first academic exploration systematically analyzing factors resisting 5G integration in Chinese hospitals, and it may give subsequent researchers a solid foundation for further studying the application and development of 5G in health care.

Evaluation of Competitive Strategies for Telecommunication Broadband Development in County-Level Cities: A Case Study

In today's digital era, broadband network has become the cornerstone of promoting economic and social development, especially county-level cities have become one of the crucial areas for telecom service providers to compete for market share. In order to deeply explore the development and competition strategy of telecom broadband in county-level cities, this thesis uses SWOT analysis to systematically analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of telecom operators in county-level cities through the case of telecom broadband in Dengzhou City, Henan Province, and based on this analysis, analyzes the factors such as market positioning, pricing strategy, service quality, and promotional means, etc., and deeply analyzes the current situation and future development trend of the telecom broadband market in county-level cities. The current situation and future development trend of the telecom broadband market in county-level cities are analyzed in depth.