Technology Standards Research Articles

Mapping environmental problems in the new capital city of “Nusantara” as a foundation for sustainable development governance

Indonesia moved the country’s capital from Jakarta to Kalimantan Island. This activity is a major breakthrough, but if done incorrectly it can be a serious challenge, especially from an environmental perspective. This research aims to identify environmental problems in the development of Indonesian capital cities. This information was obtained through literature studies and field observations. City management studies, especially the development of the nation’s capital, need to be directed so as not to cause environmental damage problems. The mapping process starts from the pre-construction stage, construction stage, operational stage or environmental impact analysis. The mapping results show that environmental problems need to be mapped in the form of types of activities with a social, economic and environmental approach in accordance with sustainable development standards starting from a social approach to ensure the fulfillment of citizens’ rights in improving the quality of the environment city. The results of impact identification conclude that there is a positive impact on improving community welfare and there is a negative impact that increases the burden on the environment. An economic approach by ensuring the fulfillment of citizens’ rights in obtaining decent work and an environmental approach by paying attention to air, water quality and waste management in accordance with technological standards and following applicable laws and regulations. As for alternative conclusions for resolving environmental problems, community model governance is governance with a community approach for activities that have an area of less than 5 hectares and the complexity of environmental impacts is less than three impacts, while the complexity of environmental impacts is more than three impacts. of the three impacts are managed using a collaborative model.

Optimal allocation of the EU carbon budget: A multi-model assessment

The European Union (EU) has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions until the year 2030 by 55% compared to 1990. Recently, the EU institutions decided to introduce a new Emission Trading System for road transport, buildings and fuels for additional sectors (ETS2) in addition to the current EU ETS. Contested design features were the split of the carbon budget between the EU ETS and the remaining sectors regulated under the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR), and the carbon price level of the ETS2. Conducting a multi-model assessment, we find that the agreed allocation of the carbon budget between EU ETS and ESR sectors seems almost optimal from an economic efficiency point of view. We also find that if carbon prices are the only instruments used, the prices necessary to reach the emission targets range from 130 to 286 €/tCO2 in the EU ETS and from 175 to 360 €/tCO2 for the energy-related ESR (ESR-E) emissions – depending on technology development and baseline assumptions of the different models. Our results imply that when the ETS2 price does not go above the “indicative cap” of 45 €/tCO2, the abatement target will not be reached with a carbon price alone. The remaining abatement needs to come from complementary policies like technology standards or subsidies. As abatement costs from these policies are above 45 €/tCO2, effective costs for consumers could well exceed the costs of carbon pricing alone due to inefficiencies that arise from the lack of flexibility to mitigate emissions where it is cheapest.

Economic impacts of reducing methane emissions in British Columbia’s oil and natural gas sectors: Taxes vs technology standards

As countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions to fight the potential impacts of climate change, increasing attention is being paid to methane, which is roughly 34 times more potent than CO2 over a 100-year time span. Governments in many jurisdictions aim to reduce methane by 45–75% in oil and gas sectors by 2030. Methane reductions are often achieved by implementing new technologies and operational techniques, but jurisdictions have discussed the implementation of a methane tax. While several studies have focused on the financial costs of reducing methane emissions through adopting new technologies, little information exists on the economy-wide impacts of these initiatives and the effectiveness of different policy tools. We develop a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for British Columbia, Canada, to evaluate the economy wide impacts of methane technology standards versus taxes. Findings indicate that methane can be reduced by 75% by 2030 using technology standards at a loss of 0.0089% of GDP in 2030. Impacts associated with a methane tax will range from a loss of 0.0071–0.18% in 2030, depending on whether new technologies are assumed to be adopted. If a sufficiently high methane tax incentivizes adoption of new technology, the negative impacts of a tax are lower than that of a standard once the policy is fully implemented. While the overall economy-wide impact of a technology standard is relatively low, we find that it is as much as 65% higher than the direct costs.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVING TRANSPORT SAFETY: VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The growing number of traffic accidents and road deaths make traffic safety one of the most urgent problems of our time. Technological advancements in road transport and road infrastructure create a powerful potential for mitigating the risk of road accidents and ultimately saving lives. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the impact of technology on improving transportation safety with a focus on vehicle and infrastructure safety systems. The object of research is technologies aimed at preventing road accidents and reducing their consequences, while the subject of research is the role of these technologies in traffic safety. To achieve the goal, we used the following methods in this study. An analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources was carried out, which made it possible to assess the state of modern research in the field of transport safety and identify the most significant aspects of the technologies usage to reduce the risk of road accidents. Active participation in scientific discussions and exchange of views with leading scientists in this field allowed us to gain additional insights and evaluate the current state of research in transport safety. The study encompassed several tasks, including analysing and assessing modern car safety technologies. The research analysed the impact of existing car safety technologies on traffic accident statistics, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the article explored the role of infrastructure, including intelligent traffic management and communication technologies, in enhancing overall traffic safety. We identified challenges, such as privacy and cyber security, related to the application of technology in transport security and outlined prospects for further development of this industry. The article highlights the importance of using technology to improve traffic safety. The findings allow us to determine that the development of car safety systems and infrastructure has the potential to reduce road accidents substantially. The recommendations from the study emphasise the need for further research in cyber security and standardisation of technologies to ensure their secure integration on roads. This approach to the technology implementation can help diminish the risk of road accidents and preserve human lives. Keywords: technologies, transport safety, transport technologies, cars, transport infrastructure.

Digitalisation and Change in the Management of IT

As digitalisation sweeps through industries, companies are having to deal with the resultant changes in business models, core processes and organisational structures. This includes the reassessment of the role of the IT department, traditionally the guardians of technology standards and providers of corporate systems and infrastructure, and their ongoing maintenance. This article investigates this dynamic in two research studies. Study 1 focuses on the German automotive industry and adopts a qualitative inductive approach based on interviews with IT practitioners to ascertain the key aspects of digitalisation impacting the industry and to chart the emergence of a new model for the management of IT. Study 2 then reviews the deployment of digital technologies in other industry sectors via questionnaire responses from senior IT professionals in eight organisations. The results suggest that the transfer of IT roles and responsibilities to business functions, evident in the German automotive industry, is being replicated in other organisations in which digital technologies are now embedded in an organisation’s products or services. This article concludes with a model for cross-referencing the role of the IT function with the impact of digital technologies, representing a contribution to the growing literature on digital technology deployment in organisations.

Why Industry-Wide Standards Matter In Fulfilling the Intent of DSCSA

Speakers discuss the importance of standardization in order to digitalize the U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain as motivated by the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA).
 Key topics
 
 What is DSCSA?
 What does FDA’s Stabilization Period mean?
 Why do technology standards matter and how are they being implemented, i.e. interoperability through standards?
 Focus on standardization, due diligence in the context of DSCSA-regulated digitally managed pharma supply chain
 2023 readiness in relation to stabilization period until 2024
 Inspections will keep happening
 ATP is mandatory, authentication & authorization
 Data security

An Optimized and Scalable Blockchain-Based Distributed Learning Platform for Consumer IoT

Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT) manufacturers seek customer feedback to enhance their products and services, creating a smart ecosystem, like a smart home. Due to security and privacy concerns, blockchain-based federated learning (BCFL) ecosystems can let CIoT manufacturers update their machine learning (ML) models using end-user data. Federated learning (FL) uses privacy-preserving ML techniques to forecast customers’ needs and consumption habits, and blockchain replaces the centralized aggregator to safeguard the ecosystem. However, blockchain technology (BCT) struggles with scalability and quick ledger expansion. In BCFL, local model generation and secure aggregation are other issues. This research introduces a novel architecture, emphasizing gateway peer (GWP) in the blockchain network to address scalability, ledger optimization, and secure model transmission issues. In the architecture, we replace the centralized aggregator with the blockchain network, while GWP limits the number of local transactions to execute in BCN. Considering the security and privacy of FL processes, we incorporated differential privacy and advanced normalization techniques into ML processes. These approaches enhance the cybersecurity of end-users and promote the adoption of technological innovation standards by service providers. The proposed approach has undergone extensive testing using the well-respected Stanford (CARS) dataset. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed architecture enhances network scalability and significantly optimizes the ledger. In addition, the normalization technique outperforms batch normalization when features are under DP protection.

Black-Box Fuzzing for Security in Managed Networks: An Outline

Service providers are adopting open-source technology and open standards in their next-generation networks. This gives them great flexibility and spurs innovation. But it also means that they must ensure proper interoperability between components; otherwise, vulnerabilities might get introduced in their networks. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art vulnerability scanning tools are unable to handle the complexity of service provider networks. In this paper we show how interoperability issues between seemingly reliable components introduce an injection vulnerability that allows us to control a firewall-protected network management system. We also extend the state-of-the-art in black-box fuzzing to give service providers a tool for combating similar issues.

Standardization development of traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing from the aspect of standard development contribution index

The standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), occupying a critical position in the development of TCM, is a basic, strategic, and overall work. In this study, we initially referred to data from the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information, the National Group Platform for Standards Information, and the collection of materials from the National Library of Standards, and then performed a comprehensive analysis of 1426 pieces of TCM standards related information among them. Based on the analytic results, the number of releases, the regional distribution of drafting institutions, and the standard contribution index of 3 major categories (basic general, technology, and management) of TCM and their 16 subcategories were systematically exhibited. According to the ranking of the drafting unit in the standard, the corresponding standard development contribution index is given, and with the standard development contribution index as the main line, the current situation and existing problems of standardization development in Beijing are analyzed. Suggestions were put forward to improve the framework of the Chinese medicine standard system, optimize the industrial structure of Chinese medicine, promote the interactive development of Chinese medicine science and technology innovation and standardization, and promote the implementation and application of Chinese medicine standards.

STRUCTURAL INSULATORS AND PROMOTORS IN NETWORKS UNDER GENERIC PROBLEM-SOLVING DYNAMICS

The collective coordination of distributed tasks in a complex system can be represented as decision dynamics on a graph. This abstract representation allows studying the performance of local decision heuristics as a function of task complexity and network architecture. Here, we identify hard-to-solve and easy-to-solve networks in a social differentiation task within the basic model of small-world graphs. We show that, depending on the details of the decision heuristic as well as the length of the added links, shortcuts can serve as structural promotors, which speed up convergence toward a solution, but also as structural insulators, which make the network more difficult to solve. Our findings have implications for situations where, in distributed decision systems, regional solutions emerge, which are globally incompatible as, for example, during the emergence of technological standards.

IoT Integrated Accelerometer Design and Simulation for Smart Helmets

This article delves into the transformative potential of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers, particularly their role in revolutionizing helmet safety. Accelerometers, ubiquitous in vehicle manufacturing, computer technology, and audio-video systems, play a crucial role in measuring acceleration. This work focuses on the design and simulation of a rotating accelerometer integrated into football helmets. The introduction of rotational acceleration addresses specific challenges in detecting and mitigating brain injuries that linear accelerometers may encounter. Additionally, the article explores the concept of piezoresistive football helmets, designed to resist force and reduce the impact of concussions. Piezoresistive helmets, designed to resist force and minimize the impact of concussions, when augmented with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities can create a comprehensive smart safety solution. The incorporation of IoT sensors and connectivity into piezoresistive helmets enables real-time monitoring and data analysis of impact forces. This integration not only enhances player safety by providing immediate insights into potential risks but also opens avenues for injury prevention strategies. Leveraging COMSOL simulation software, this research not only conceives but also realizes the innovative integration of rotational accelerometers and piezoresistive materials in football helmet design, advancing safety standards in sports technology.

Co-Opetition and the Firm’s Information Environment

Some firms in the technology sector choose to cooperate with competitors (“co-opetition”) in standard setting organizations (SSOs). These SSOs create technology standards that facilitate rapid market penetration of new technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 4G. Active participation in the standard setting process requires the exchange of proprietary information with competitors. Although the goal of such information sharing is to further a technology or a product market, firms potentially receive an additional benefit from access to competitor and industry information. We examine whether contributing to SSO committees enhances a firm’s information set and allows managers to better predict future sales. We find that the centrality of a firm’s location within the network of SSO collaborators is positively related to the accuracy of the firm’s sales forecasts. This relation is stronger when firms exchange more information with direct competitors and with larger firms, when forecasting is more difficult ex ante, and when firms forecast over longer horizons. Our findings show that collaborating with competitors in the product market provides an important additional benefit of improving the manager’s information set. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, accounting. Funding: This work was supported by the Wharton School, Institut Européen d’Administration des Affaires, the Institut Européen d’Administration des Affaires-Wharton Alliance, and the Mack Institute for Innovation Management. Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03152 .

Комплексная помощь семьям, воспитывающим детей раннего возраста с проблемами развития, в программе «Тропинка детства»

<p>The article, created on the basis of the “Path of Childhood” program, examines the problems of early comprehensive assistance to children with disabilities and their social adaptation into society, which are currently recognized as extremely relevant in the field of education and healthcare. Also, the authors talk about the existence of a socially significant problem associated with the need for early prevention of developmental disorders in a more expanded form than what is currently used, and also requires other technological solutions than those implemented by health and education authorities. The program described in the article is intended for specialists working with early age children in educational institutions. The presented methods and technologies can be implemented by educational psychologists, special education teachers, and speech therapists. The article also describes the maximum necessary conditions for ensuring work with disabled children, children with disabilities, children who do not attend preschool educational institutions and their families. The program “Path of Childhood” passed an examination to verify the evidence base within the section “Evidence-Based Approach in Psychology and Education” of the Scientific Expert Council of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Psychology & Education and was awarded a certificate of conformity (registration number “6/17-pr” dated July 25, 2023). Based on the results of the examination, it was found to comply with the standards of programs and technologies with proven effectiveness for the educational and social spheres at the stage of pilot projects and was recommended for inclusion in the register of exemplary correctional-developmental, correctional-rehabilitation and preventive programs for the activities of a teacher-psychologist (psychologist in the field of education) and replication in educational and social institutions.</p>

О научной обоснованности программы работы психолога с педагогическими коллективами и педагогами по профилактике суицидальных рисков в образовательной организации «Я выбираю жизнь!»

<p style="text-align: justify;">The authors of the article pose the question: are modern teachers ready to participate in solving the problem of adolescent suicide, and come to the conclusion that, despite the large number of different diagnostic tools and literature, they are not ready to use them in practice. To solve this and other issues, the authors propose to carry out a system of measures related to increasing the competence of the teaching staff, developing their practical skills, motivational and psychological readiness to carry out work on the prevention of suicidal risks. This system formed the basis of the program of work of the educational psychologist with teaching staff and teachers “I choose life!” The implementation of the program contributes to the formation of a safe educational environment, the prevention of destructive behavior, suicidal and other risks. It was tested on the basis of the state autonomous institution of additional professional education “Saratov Regional Institute for Educational Development” as part of the implementation of an additional professional development program “Strategies for the work of an educational organization with the problem of suicidal behavior of minors” for class teachers, educational psychologists and heads of educational organizations. The program “I choose life!” passed an examination to verify the evidence base within the section “Evidence-Based Approach in Psychology and Education” of the Scientific Expert Council of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MSUPE with the assignment of a certificate of conformity (registration number “7/17-pr” dated July 25, 2023). Based on the results of the examination, it was found to comply with the standards of programs and technologies with proven effectiveness for the educational and social spheres, taking into account additional recommendations, and was recommended for inclusion in the register of exemplary correctional and developmental, correctional, rehabilitation and preventive programs for the activities of a teacher-psychologist (psychologist in the field of education ) and replication in educational and social institutions.</p>

A comparison of virtual worlds based on the metaverse maturity model

The realization and adoption of the metaverse vision is still in its infancy. In order to answer the question of how close today's virtual worlds get to this metaverse vision, the metaverse maturity model has been applied to evaluate a sample of eight selected virtual worlds: Guild Wars 2, Fortnite, Second Life, Roblox, VRChat, Decentraland, Horizon Worlds, and The Sandbox. The model comprises eight core attributes with five maturity levels each. The results indicate that, on the one hand, technical preconditions for the metaverse, e.g.,sufficient computing power, network technology, and interoperability standards, are not yet met. On the other hand, core attributes which mainly depend on strategy, e.g., persistence and economic systems can yield high maturity levels, if the strategy is aligned accordingly. As the study shows the usefulness of the metaverse maturity model, future research should repeatedly evaluate metaverse maturity to track progress and identify the need for further development.

Data Analytics and Compliance with AACSB Accounting Technology Standards: A Critically Appraised Topic

Data Analytics and Compliance with AACSB Accounting Technology Standards: A Critically Appraised Topic

Latine preschool and elementary teachers’ knowledge and practice in the use of technology: A study in the Southern border of the United States

ABSTRACT In response to developing technology standards and innovative technology applications, it is important to measure the knowledge of education standards and practice of teachers. This study includes 226 prekindergarten to fifth grade Latine teachers employed in a Latineserving school district in a United States/Mexico border community. Survey data and factor analysis provide empirical evidence of technology use and teacher knowledge of technology standards and American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations. Regression analysis shows knowledge of technology applications is highest among teachers with 6–10 years of experience. Teacher practices of technology applications are likely to be implemented by teachers with a master’s degree compared to those with a bachelor’s degree. Implications and future research opportunities aim to improve technology integration in early childhood and elementary education teacher preparation contexts.

FutureNewsCorp, or how the AI Act changed the future of news

Inspired by scenario writing methods to foster discussion on the societal implications of technology and regulation, the paper develops a ‘legal fiction scenario’ to anticipate the impact of the proposed European AI Act and examine some of the regulatory choices made. The paper tells the story of FutureNewsCorp – the largest news media company in Europe in the year 2043. The story of FutureNewsCorp is used for a critical analysis of the most recent draft of the AI Act and here, in particular, of the role of standardisation bodies and the division of responsibility between providers of AI systems and their professional users. Using the scenario method, the paper demonstrates that regulations like the planned AI Act can result in a shift of the power to decide what responsible use of AI is - from regulators and editors to technology developers and standardisation bodies - and that in doing so it may contribute to changing the structure and workings of an entire sector.

Developing A Core Strength Training Program to Improve Badminton High Clear Stroke for University Students

Background and Aims: With the continuous development of badminton, international competitions have become increasingly confrontational and competitive, which places higher demands on athletes' physical fitness and technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to add core strength training and traditional strength training to badminton high clear stroke skill training, compare the test results after training, and find a more effective strength training method to improve badminton high clear stroke skill. Materials and Methods: This study took 40 students (20 boys and 20 girls) out of 230 students (20 boys and 20 girls) in the 2022 special badminton class of Guangxi Medical University. This study introduces the test standard of badminton high clear stroke technology, focusing on the theory of badminton strength training. Through interviews with 5 experts, the high clear stroke technical test standards, physical fitness test standards, and training plans were determined (IOC test result is 0.925±0.1438). The training experiment lasted 8 weeks. Results: (1) Compared with traditional strength training, core strength training can improve students' physical fitness. (2) Core strength training has a more significant effect on improving badminton high clear stroke skills than traditional strength training. Conclusion: The core muscle strength exercise added to the badminton training program was created by the researcher and validated with 5 experts by IOC technique the IOC was 0.925±0.1438. The Program was confirmed by the execution of a group pretest and posttest experimental design The subject was 40 students who tested with a high clear stroke test, then took the score to rank the subjects descending and sampling with systematic method into 2 groups. The experiment operated for 8 weeks, 2 sessions a week, and 2 hours a session. Collect high clear stroke test and fitness test scores after the last class.

Development Status and Recommendations of the Energy Service Industry


 The essay examines the energy-saving industry's current state of development in China, identifies its issues, and suggests appropriate solutions. To achieve optimal energy use, energy saving refers to preserving energy while minimizing energy consumption. Contractual energy management was brought to China in the 1970s and developed there with the support of pertinent state policies. The growth of the market for energy-saving services and the quick industrial scale expansion have, however, also presented this industry with new hurdles as a result of the global concern for energy security. It primarily shows itself as uneven technological standards, questionable incentive programs, and funding challenges. On this foundation, solutions to the existing issues are suggested as countermeasures. Therefore, it should advance science and technology, advance technology, advance the development of product quality standards, advance the implementation of stricter market access requirements, and advance the establishment of an ideal industry management system. On this foundation, pertinent policy suggestions are made in an effort to support the steady and orderly growth of the energy-saving services sector. The growth of China's energy services business has been aided by the adoption of the aforementioned programs.