Technical Tasks Research Articles

HOLOGRAPHIC 3D WINDOWS AS A MEANS OF VISUALIZING SIMULATION MODELS

The article provides an overview of the possibilities of holographic 3D showcases as one of the methods of visualizing 3D content by recognizing individual objects in the image and transferring them as individual elements to a holographic 3D showcase. Depending on the types of simulation models, there is a need for visualization of the obtained results for their evaluation and testing, with the possibility of further improvement. The use of displays that transmit images on a plane does not make it possible to get a complete picture of the subject being studied. The use of holographic 3D showcases opens the possibility of working with simulated models even at the stage of their creation in software applications for 3D modeling or for creating simulated 3D models. This gives the developer the opportunity to speed up the adjustment of object parameters even at the stage of forming models according to the initial technical task. It should be noted that the holographic 3D showcase is most effective for working with objects that have a 1:1 ratio with a real industrial sample. This makes it possible to adjust the development and testing of the model, as well as to change or evaluate the effectiveness of the functionality and to change the operating parameters without creating a useful model. This technique significantly speeds up the time of model implementation from the design project to the realization of a physical object. The information technologies used in the work of holographic 3D showcases are based on the use of web technologies, which, due to the programming of js scripts and parameters of style tables, allows you to obtain optimal results with a minimum load on the working computer, which allows you to use the application on a computer in parallel with applications for developing simulation models. The ability to display elements of the work area on a holographic 3D showcase directly in the modeling process allows you to focus on details that are invisible on flat displays.

Cloud Service Composition using Firefly Optimization Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic

Cloud computing involves the dynamic provision of virtualized and scalable resources over the Internet as services. Different types of services with the same functionality but different non-functionality features may be delivered in a cloud environment in response to customer requests, which may need to be combined to satisfy the customer's complex requirements. Recent research has focused on combining unique and loosely-coupled services into a preferred system. An optimized composite service consists of formerly existing single and simple services combined to provide an optimal composite service, thereby improving the quality of service (QoS). In recent years, cloud computing has driven the rapid proliferation of multi-provision cloud service compositions, in which cloud service providers can provide multiple services simultaneously. Service composition fulfils a variety of user needs in a variety of scenarios. The composite request (service request) in a multi-cloud environment requires atomic services (service candidates) located in multiple clouds. Service composition combines atomic services from multiple clouds into a single service. Since cloud services are rapidly growing and their Quality of Service (QoS) is widely varying, finding the necessary services and composing them with quality assurances is an increasingly challenging technical task. This paper presents a method that uses the firefly optimization algorithm (FOA) and fuzzy logic to balance multiple QoS factors and satisfy service composition constraints. Experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms previous ones in terms of response time, availability, and energy consumption.

Artificial agents of social relations

Currently, the usual system of social relations is being reformatted. With the onset of the digital age, the role of advanced technologies in intersubjective contact is increasing. Man-made artificial agents are increasingly involved in communications at various levels. Many individual and collective subjects are increasingly striving to expand their networks of communicators through modern programs and services. The article discusses the ways of participation of these products of artificial intelligence in various spheres of public life. The nature of programmable agents is presented. The state and level of development of these products of science and technology are analyzed. The vectors of transformation of the modern communication landscape are shown. The functions performed by agents of social relations are highlighted. The expediency of using messengers, robots and chat bots that free up human resources is revealed. Based on practical examples, the possibilities, limitations and prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in the fields of media, marketing, commerce and HR are determined. The influence of messengers and bots on the transformation of communication practices has been studied. It is substantiated that today artificial agents are capable of performing only a number of technical tasks, one way or another requiring the connection of the human mind for non-trivial solutions. In conclusion, generalizations are given that constitute the theoretical and methodological basis for subsequent studies of the influence of artificial agents on the transformation of social ties and relationships.

Leakage Management Influence on Water Age of Water Distribution Networks

AbstractLeakage management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a relevant technical task worldwide. Background leakages along mains and connections to properties in aged infrastructures represent a significant portion of the WDN water outflow, sometimes exceeding customer demands. Pressure control and District Metering Areas (DMAs) design are two classic activities aimed at leakage management. The former reduces the background leakages, and thus the velocities in pipes, especially those along main paths for water transport across the WDN. The latter involves closed valves confining each DMA, which change network connectivity reducing redundancy and eventually pressure, that is, background leakages. Hence, both activities reduce water velocity in pipes because of leakage reduction (i.e., the overall WDN inflow), while DMAs could increase it in some pipes. Therefore, leakage management activities might affect the water age in WDNs, as a general water quality indicator, depending on the initial level of leakages, the WDN connectivity and topology, and the attained reduction. This work studies the effect of leakage management on water age for two real WDNs, which are characterized by different initial levels of leakages and expected reduction, after planning pressure control and DMAs. The advanced hydraulic modeling, employing pressure‐driven leakage modeling at pipe level, is integrated with water age analysis, allowing unlimited number of parcels. The sensitivity of water age to the maximum number of parcels in the model is studied to identify the trade‐off between accuracy and computational runtime. The variation of mean daily water age due to change of demand pattern is analyzed considering a 4‐week operative cycle.

Development of a design system for synthesis and analysis the motor wheel based on a valve electric motor of combined excitation for hybrid and electric vehicles

The article describes a project to create an electric transmission for ground vehicles. As a layout, a motor-wheel variant is proposed, in which a traction electric motor, power electronics, control system and brake system are integrated into the wheel disk. This arrangement of the traction motor allows you to free up the space of the car for comfort and placement of the electric power storage. A combined excitation machine is proposed as an electric motor, the magnetic flux in which is created simultaneously by permanent magnets and an excitation winding. Permanent magnets allow you to increase the power in the limited dimensions of the disk, and the excitation winding allows you to adjust the magnetic flux, which significantly expands the range of speeds and torques of the vehicle. The design of the electric motor is innovative and protected by a patent of the Russian Federation. To develop a number of similar motor wheels, a design system has been proposed, which consists of two parts: synthesis and analysis. The synthesis system generates the optimal geometry of the electric motor for a specific technical task of the customer. It contains a multi-level structure that allows you to implement developments for various project situations with and without restrictions. The system contains seven such levels. Optimality criteria can be selected depending on the requirements of the project. The analysis system is based on the principle of a digital double. Its methodological basis is the finite element method. The system allows you to conduct a detailed analysis of the electromagnetic and thermal state, to obtain all the necessary integral characteristics. The performance of the design system has been tested on a digital analogue of a real racetrack, which is divided into sections with specified speed modes. The program outputs 15 parameters of both the car and the electric motor. In conclusion, the article shows the design study of a motor wheel for a racing electric car. The design of the prototype and the results of its tests are presented. The design system for the development of motor wheels based on a valve motor of combined excitation can be used for mass production.

PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE STUDENT AT THE BASIC STAGES OF PREPARATION TO COMPETITIONS IN SYSTEM OF JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

The article provides the author’s solution to the problem of pedagogical support for students at the main stages of preparation for competitions in the system of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The All-Ukrainian competition for the defense of scientific research works of students — members of the National Academy of Sciences is aimed at identifying and developing gifted students, and involving them in research, scientific, project, design, invention and search activities. The article provides a methodical analysis of such main stages of preparing students for competitions in the MAN system as: choosing a direction of research, setting a problem, formulating a technical task, analyzing existing solutions with highlighting their shortcomings, searching for ideas and their further development, theoretical and experimental research of the proposed solution, approbation and implementation of the invention, design of scientific research work, creation of means of visualization of the results of scientific research, preparation of the student for public defense of the work. The methodical analysis of each of the stages is illustrated by examples from the student project “Portable current source for powering low-power devices”. The given methodical analysis will be especially useful for novice teachers who aim to create favorable conditions for the organization of students’ creative activities.

Künstliche Intelligenz und Sprachtechnologien im Bereich der Translation

Artificial Intelligence and Language Technologies in the Field of Translation
 
 The present paper deals with the opportunities which language technologies and artificial intelligence might offer for translation professionals. The paper also examines and elucidates that these technologies might contain possible problems, hurdles and obstacles. But the researcher reinforces that they also possess the necessary skills, competencies and prerequisites for the successful implementation and use of these technologies as illustrated in the Literature Review and Discussion parts of this research. It has also been shown that the successful implementation of such tools requires both institutional and technical prerequisites. A not inconsiderable problem, however, is the question of the what extent to which and whether the significance of the digital translator can also be adequately illustrated and clarified in the non-institutional private sector. Current developments in this respect unfortunately tend to point to the opposite, i.e. to the degradation of his role to a mere "helper" of the machine that (apparently) does most of the translation work. 
 Translators, then, will ultimately only be able to truly benefit from language technology and artificial intelligence if their status is not further compromised as a result. It is not very helpful if productivity and speed can be increased, but in inverse proportion to this, the fees constantly decrease, because it is made to appear that the computer is now doing most of the work. The end result of this development would be the digital slave rather than the highly professional digital language mediator. The paper projects that language technologies and artificial intelligence potentially offer benefits in the sense that they promote a better understanding and functioning of the symbiosis between humans and machines through the automation and streamlining of certain language-related workflow processes, i.e., a set of tasks that can be performed primarily - or even entirely - through workflow automation and with the help of content management software. Through the various past research on the subject and through secondary data analysis it has been analysed and stated in the paper that the potential acceleration of work processes improves overall efficiency by requiring less time to complete the same tasks. Therefore, this study evidently establishes the argument that artificial intelligence allows human actors to focus on more meaningful tasks associated with quality control, while routine and especially technical tasks are delegated (for the most part) to the machine. This also leaves more time for creative aspects. Artificial intelligence and language technology are not only relevant for translating, but also for interpreting, even if progress in this area is still somewhat slower and a paradigm shift has yet to occur. In this regard, conference interpreting is of particular interest. Problematically, the relevant software has so far lacked the cognitive, cultural, intellectual, and emotional skills that inevitably underlie qualitatively responsive interpretation. But at least it is possible to improve the interpreter's preparation for a meeting or conference. The relevant tools have so far only a supporting role to play. Language technologies and artificial intelligence potentially offer benefits in the sense that they promote a better understanding and functioning of the symbiosis between humans and machines through the automation and streamlining of certain language-related workflow processes, i.e., a set of tasks that can be performed mainly - or even entirely through workflow automation and with the help of content management software. Further development of artificial intelligence, machine translation has recently made significant progress. Nevertheless, it is common practice to first subject the machine-translated text to review or proofreading by a human translator. Post-editing is the process of using a machine-translated text as a basis and having it improved by a human translator. This means that the human translator ultimately creates the final translation.

PROPOSALS REGARDING JUSTIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR INDICATORS OF STANDARDIZATION AND UNIFICATION OF MILITARY PRODUCTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VOLUME OF ITS PRODUCTION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the expediency of establishing high quantitative indicators of the level’s unification of military products and the formation of a methodical approach to justifying the requirements for these indicators, taking into account the volume of production.
 The requirements for standardization and unification (StU) are put forward in order to ensure high quality of products by reducing the terms and costs of their design and production preparation, as well as reducing the costs of samples operation (repair). Compliance with standards in Ukraine is a voluntary procedure but the Ministry of Defense during the development of tactical and technical tasks for the implementation of work on the creation (modernization) of special products puts forward requirements for compliance with standards (on the basis of consensus with the developer or manufacturer), including to StU. Also, the achieved quantitative indicators of the level of unification are evaluated according to the stages of work performance and during tests.
 It is known that the cost of a unit’s production depends on the volume of its production: the more units of production (samples) are produced, the lower the cost’s unit of production, as the specific (per unit of production) cost of development, preparation of production and actual production of products decreases. The article considers cases when it is inappropriate to set high StU indicators and the proposed general methodical approach to justifying the values of StU indicators of military products, taking into account the volume of their production. The specification of methodological instructions requires further research taking into account the practice of development (production) work and testing of products by their types.

STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF OIL DISPLACEMENT PROCESS BY POLYMERS OF DIFFERENT GRADES

Currently, a large number of fields with high-viscosity oil are being developed. Increasing the degree of oil recovery from the subsoil of developed fields using effective methods of active influence is an important scientific and technical task for employees of oil producing enterprises. One of the most effective and promising methods for stabilizing oil production is physical and chemical technologies based on the injection of polymer compositions. Therefore, the authors of the article pursue the goal - to investigate the effectiveness of the use of polymer compositions for further recommendation for use in fields with high-viscosity oils and formations containing hard-to-recover reserves. The article provides an analysis of the results of the study of polymers, namely GL-50 and R-1 on rock samples of various well depths. In this regard, an experiment was carried out to displace oil with various displacing reagents. During the oil displacement experiment with various displacement reagents, the water saturation of the sample and the displacement efficiency were determined. Particular attention is paid to the rate of advancement of the flow of polymers and the propagation of molecules through pores of different diameters. The main goal of this experiment was to determine a more effective polymer for enhanced oil recovery. Comparison of oil displacement efficiency at the stages of polymer injection is given. In the course of the study, the results of determining the displacement coefficients of GL-50 and R-1 polymers were obtained. From the results obtained, it can be assumed that polymer grades have a significant impact on the degree of efficiency of the oil displacement process.

Анализ работы устройства для установки выносных опор самоходных шасси мобильных транспортно-перегрузочных канатных комплексов

Single-span mobile ropeways of the pendulum type, formed with the help of two mobile transport and reloading rope complexes connected by a single rope system on the basis of self-propelled wheeled chassis of high cross-country ability and carrying capacity, are currently considered as a promising type of transporting equipment for solving many tasks in adverse natural and social situations. The article is devoted to an important technical task of ensuring the safe operation of rope complexes associated with the loss of overall stability and overturning of the wheeled chassis under conditions of significant operational loads from the tension of the rope system, creating an overturning moment. The original design of the device for the installation of outriggers is presented in detail, providing automated execution of the necessary technological work. The developed method of designing this device is based on the analysis of the kinematics of the movable structural elements of the device, which allowed us to establish the calculated dependencies for determining the main structural dimensions. The considered design and design methodology can be used in the creation of transport and technological machines of other functional purposes, during the operation of which situations of loss of overall stability and overturning are possible.

Modeling the process of grain separation by density in a combined vibro-pneumatic and air-gravity unit

It was established that the method of intensifying the course of the work process is the organization of supplying the layer with a pulsating flow of air. Using a pulsating air flow, it is possible to change the magnitude of the aerodynamic effect on the grain mass by changing the magnitude of the force pulse under conditions of constant speed. At the same time, the effect of the pulsating flow on the ability to move grains of different mass (density) will be different, which can intensify the separation of seeds by density. The study of the combined effect of vibrations and pulsating air flow on the stratification of the grain flow and separation by density is an important scientific and technical task. The conducted analysis of publications revealed a promising possibility of using serial vibrating screen machines with a pneumatic system for the preparation of combined machines with a pneumatic system for the preparation of high-quality seeds, instead of vibro-pneumatic tables. To study the efficiency of the combined use of vibropneumoliquefied and pneumogravitational movement of the material. It is substantiated that the intensifying effect of the pulsating flow consists in the different force of influence on light and heavy grains. The mathematical description of the process of separation of loose material by density is based on the equations of motion of a particle in an oscillating medium, which is valid for any continuous medium that has the property of inertness. Formulated mathematical models of the processes of movement of components of grain material in the vibro-liquefied layer and in the air channel of the vibro-pneumocleaning machine will allow to determine the trajectories of the movement of grains in the working zones and, based on their analysis, to justify the parameters of the working bodies. The approbation of the mathematical description of the processes of separation of the components of grain material confirmed the increase in the efficiency of the use of pulsating flows for the separation of grain by density.

Integral planning – potentials and challenges for the construction of timber buildings. A teaching example

The term “integral planning” describes the creative cooperation of experts from different disciplines with the aim of solving a complex, technical planning task. By involving all the disciplines and stakeholders at an early stage it is possible to achieve better solutions than in a linear planning process in which one designer directs the specifications to the respective specialist planners, who then add the corresponding engineering services. In the course “Integral Planning”, students from the fields “Architecture – Green Building” and “Civil Engineering – Construction Management” are working on a project in an interdisciplinary exchange over two semesters. Through the simultaneous interweaving of their specific skills, combined with a very free working method, the students are taught integral planning in a realistic setting with the aim to design a modular timber building system for temporary educational buildings according to the “cradle to cradle” principle.

STATE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH OF SPATIAL CONFLICT PROBLEMS

The article examines the nature of the occurrence of conflicts, analyzes the types of conflicts, analyzes the main causes of the occurrence and resolution of types of conflicts. The methods and legislative acts for the settlement of spatial conflicts are defined. Social conflict, as a rule, means a clash of opposing interests, goals, positions, values or views of subjects of social interaction (individuals, social groups, classes). Social conflict is considered as an integral phenomenon of social life, which is an integral part of the development of society, which leads to social changes that must be managed. Theoretical recognition of the fact that conflict is an objectively inherent phenomenon for society, a necessary and natural feature of social life, requires a clear study of the causes of conflict and, most importantly, to proceed to the creation of a theory and "technique" for resolving conflicts of all types. Legal conflict is defined as the struggle of legal subjects with opposite understanding and actions regarding the principles and norms of law in order to change their status and legal status. Among all legal conflicts, the main one is the legal conflict, which can be imagined as a contradiction between legal entities regarding the application, violation or interpretation of legal norms. Conflict resolution facilitates the understanding by each party to the conflict of the recognition of the existence of a conflict situation, and according to the opponent, the right to exist. Conflict resolution is impossible if one of the parties declares that the opposite party does not have the right to exist or that its position is devoid of any grounds. The parties to the conflict must adhere to certain rules that make it possible to preserve or maintain their relationship. These rules should ensure equal opportunities for each of the parties to the conflict, a certain balance in their relationship. All controversial issues related to spatial conflicts in the field of architecture and urban planning must be resolved before the start of active actions on the part of investor-builders. It is necessary to involve citizens in urban planning, to discuss urban planning documentation, to place information in the public space, using all available, understandable and most effective information channels, which may include official websites of authorities, mass media (press, television, radio, Internet) , social media, texting, mailing, emailing, posting ads in public places, public exhibitions, public hearings, and responding to requests for information. Involvement of communities in all stages of development, namely: the preparatory stage, the formation of technical tasks, project development, coordination and approval of the urban planning documentation project will significantly reduce or even avoid conflict situations in the urban space of human and community life and activity, and contributes to the prevention or absence of conflict the situation as such. Keywords: conflicts, conflict approach, spatial conflicts, parties to the conflict, social conflict, legal conflict, urban planning, urban planning activity, local community.

Sharing personal experience on the development of cell therapy technology, quality & analytics since the 1990s & the application of ‘phase appropriate GMPs’ to cell therapy development

David McCall, Commissioning Editor, BioInsights, spoke to Amnon Eylath, VP Head of Global Quality, Minovia TherapeuticsAmnon Eylath is a seasoned Quality Leader, experienced in the life cycle of Small molecule, and Biotech drug development, including R&D through nonclinical and GLP Tox studies, clinical trials, process and method development, manufacturing, validation, regulatory submissions for clinical trials and US/EU product approvals, to global distribution of commercial products. Direct experience with Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, Cell and Gene Therapy. Led/supported cross-functional Continuous Improvement & Gap-Remediation initiatives at multiple companies. Implemented multiple electronic QMS systems at small and large companies. Initiated Amgen’s Lean-Six Sigma program and Black Belt. Presented at PDA and ISPE events on multiple subjects, including Cost-Effective Validation, Sanitization using Chlorine Dioxide Gas, and more. Active speaker on Qualistery – GXP educational web-seminars. Member and volunteer at the PDA since 1996, leading the TR-56 technical report task force on Phase Appropriate Application of Quality Systems and GMP, co-author on TR-65 Technology Transfer (version 1.0). Past President of the New England Chapter of the PDA, supporting the New England BioPharma community and the Middlesex community College Biotechnology certificate/degree program and NEPDA scholarship awards. Member of the MSCC Biotechnology Program Advisory Board and founding member of the Northeastern University Biotechnology Program Advisory Board.

Vibration Reduction Design and Test of UAV Load Radar

It is challenging to design complex structures and calculate their dimensions only on the basis of theory. This issue was resolved efficiently by the FEM. Using the applicable test, the mechanical properties of the materials used in the damper are estimated, effectively guiding the design of the device and boosting its vibration-reducing performance. A large-load unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airborne radar is the subject of this research article. According to particular use case, vibration dampers for the radar-mounting platform are designed using passive vibration isolation technology to reduce aircraft vibration transmission to the radar. A conference paper has already presented prior research on the same topic. Earlier research confirmed the vibration-isolating efficacy of the T-type rubber isolator, which can greatly improve the operational conditions of the airborne radar. In contrast, earlier studies relied more on experimental validation and did not use numerical simulations. This research’s primary objective is the development of a T-type rubber isolator, whose vibration reduction performance is proven using FEM and experiments. Utilizing a suitable simulation analysis method to investigate the vibration reduction of an unmanned aerial vehicle’s (UAV) airborne component is a crucial technical task. By comparing multiple material models, a more precise model for characterizing rubber was developed.

An Evaluation of a Training Management System Adoption in A Public Sector: A Case Study

Information systems is evaluated to determine its success in fulfilling organization requirements and intended purposes. Information systems is meant to improve work process effectiveness; however, various problems result in user dissatisfaction and low system acceptance. The problems include system inability to fulfill user requirements, process inconsistency, unintuitive user interface, data entry, lack of user involvement in system development, and insufficient training. Therefore, we identified factors that influence the information systems adoption and the related aspects that need to be improved in order to optimize the system potentials. We evaluated a training management system in Malaysia's public sector from the user and socio-technical perspectives using the human-organisation-technology-fit (HOT-fit) framework. We performed a case study evaluation using interview, observation, and document analysis methods. The structured and specific measures in the HOT-fit framework facilitated the system evaluation. Positive factors include ease of use, information relevancy, good technical and management support, effective communication and strong relationships. In contrast, factors such as slow system access, user attitude, shortage of technical staff, task constraint, and leadership or policy changes affect system adoption negatively. System net benefits motivated users to use the system.

Корпус архивных документов Войска Донского: проблемы морфологического анализа

The article presents the results of the collective project aimed at comprising a special annotated diachronic corpus of documents of the 18 th – 19 th cen. from the "Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman" Archive Fund (State Archive of Volgograd Region, Russia). In the course of the work, linguistic, technical and software tasks related to meta-marking, morphological tagging and representation of marked texts in an electronic search environment were solved. The texts are written in cursive script of the 18 th cen. with the use of the old Cyrillic letters, which have spelling specificity. To work correctly with them, an add-on to the stemming tool MyStem by I. Segalovich was created. This application adds to the MyStem the following capabilities: the option to work with the old Cyrillic symbols, a convenient graphical interface; it provides the opportunity to remove homonymy manually, enables marked text exporting to an external data storage and processing system. Morphological analysis of some texts revealed the presence of nominal case form variants, which were not noted in the "Russian Grammar" by M.V. Lomonosov, in modern studies of literary texts of the 18 th century. These findings point to effectiveness of automatic tagging which allows word form correction. The research results substantiated text tagging software tools adjustment for the extension of homonymous forms grammatical analysis options, aimed at identification and manual removal of homonymy. A quantitative analysis of these variants will allow the authors to evaluate their significance for the regional administrative language. The information obtained confirms the importance of the corpus creation for studying the history of the Russian language.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MODELING AND THEIR APPLICATION IN TECHNICAL TASKS

The process of creating a model as a conceptual representation of some phenomenon is called modeling. The physical, geometric, functional, or geometric properties of an object can be represented as a model. Technical, or subject-based, modeling is often used in solving practical problems in science. The models used for experiments should be geometrically similar to the corresponding real objects. Thus, using the method of similarity theory, when we are trying to solve technical problems it is relevant to study complex processes on simpler models, and therefore the study of modeling principles and options for their application. The paper describes the characteristics of models of various levels and provides examples of their application, classification of multiple forms of modeling, ways to display the immanent properties of figures. The importance of initial conditions in the fundamental choice of the model and its use is emphasized. Generalized modeling algorithms of different levels and their application in a number of technical tasks are presented. The projection-coordinate principles of constructing geometric models are described in detail. The general characteristics of models of different classes are given based on their initial parameters: coordinate, projection, nomographic. Coordinate-projection models based on the classical scheme of G. Monge are described. The characteristics of modeling processes based on parameters having different geometric meanings are given. Theoretical reasoning is confirmed by concrete examples from the field of aircraft building. Examples of the use of projection models in images of surfaces of wing and tail elements are shown. The figures contain a sufficient level of information about the role and significance of production parameters and their use in practice.

АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МОБІЛЬНИХ АВТОНОМНИХ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЙ В УМОВАХ КРИТИЧНОГО СТАНУ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

A critical analysis of the design features of mobile autonomous power plants was carried out according to a new approach to their classification. The issues of the efficiency of the operation of existing mobile power plants in terms of technical characteristics are considered in order to identify the optimal energy-efficient options for use in a critical state of the country's energy system. The prospects for the introduction of hybrid mobile power plants built on the principle of duplication of alternative power sources with a different nature of the energy potential for conversion into electrical energy are substantiated. At the first stage of the analysis, it was revealed that among the wide variety of existing types of mobile power plants, there is almost no picture regarding the comparative characteristics of the energy efficiency of their use, which allows the consumer to determine the optimality of a particular design to ensure equality between the economically justified cost and the technical capabilities of the device for the purpose of reliable power supply. The validity of the optimal composition of a mobile autonomous power plant in each case is a difficult task for analysis according to a specific technical task, which is formed by the consumer. All influencing factors must be taken into account when choosing the design of a mobile power plant for each particular case, namely technical, economic, legislative, operational, climatic and environmental. As a result of the enlarged analysis of mobile power plants by type of energy conversion, it was found that all the considered classes and types of mobile power plants have both advantages and disadvantages, but during the period of destabilization of the processes of generation and distribution of electrical energy and the impossibility of a quick recovery of the country's energy sector, they are the only way out of the energy crisis, and it is necessary to apply all possible structures to exit the energy infrastructure from a critical state. To rank the available types of mobile power plants in terms of optimality and energy efficiency, further detailed analysis is required according to their technical characteristics.

The human-following strategy for mobile robots in mixed environments

The robot behavior strategy is considered as a crucial part in the human-following task to help the robot maintain an appropriate distance and orientation to the selected target person (STP) with a smooth and safe manner. As usual, the robot is uniquely considered to follow the STP in a specific class of environments, such as unknown environments (non-mapped environments) or known environments (mapped environments). However, in real-life applications, the robot is sometimes requested to follow the STP in various types of environments, both in known and unknown ones. This observation raises the need to propose an alternative method to challenge the mentioned issue, as well as to break the current limit of the human-following function. In this paper, a new approach for the human-following strategy is proposed in which the mobile robot is enabled to follow the STP in mixed environments (non-mapped and mapped). In non-mapped environments, only the STP and the obstacle information with respect to the robot local coordinates are considered, whose purpose is to make the robot work without any prior understandings about its working environment. However, after the robot entered mapped environments, its prior knowledge of the working environment is leveraged to fulfill some additional requirements during the cooperation, such as the mobile robot in factories is not allowed to enter some specific areas even when the STP is executing technical tasks inside. Additionally, in this paper, a human-like inference mechanism is also introduced for the human-following strategy by using an extended hedge algebras. The proposed method is experimentally verified both in factories and laboratories.Demo Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGrWU6ldKuwSince real videos in the factory are not allowed to publish, only visualization (in Rviz) is presented for demos in such kinds of environments. The visualization is synchronous with the real executions of the human–robot interactions. The robot used in the factory is an autonomous mobile robot (dimension 0.5 (m) ×1.0 (m), weight 120 (kg), carrying a tool cabinet around 300(kg))). The mobile robot is following the worker to support them during the technical processes in the car production line. In the video, the robot is represented by a green rectangular, and the STP is represented by a cylinder (with a sphere on its head) The events in the demo video are described more clearly inAppendix A.