Principle Of Technique Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Agglomeration of Oily Fine Particles by Sound Wave

Oily fine particles are an important air pollutant in industrial environments. Workers exposed to oil mist for a long time face great health risks. Particle growth pretreatment is a technical principle to increase particle size and improve purification efficiency. Acoustic waves are commonly used to acheive particle growth, and a large number of acoustic wave agglomeration experiments have been carried out on non-oil fog. However, studies on oily particles are few. On the basis of previous studies on acoustic agglomeration of non-oily particles, this experiment designed a set of experimental equipment to compare the agglomeration effect of oily and non-oily particles. It was found that the agglomeration effect ratio of oily and non-oily particles to φ1oiliness/φ1non-oily particles was greater than 1. Therefore, the agglomeration effect of oily particles under stationary acoustic waves was more obvious. Results clearly show that oily particles have a higher agglomeration ability. In this study, a traditional ventilation and purification technology was expanded to include sound agglomeration technology into the pretreatment stage of purification and dust removal, thereby demonstrating feasibility of improved purification efficiency of an oily fine particle purification system, and laying a foundation for engineering applications.

Wireless Sensor Networks Overview

Wireless sensor networks have become widely used for their high accuracy, safety, and reliability, particularly in military applications where information is critical to victory. Chinese scholars have conducted research on wireless sensor technology, with the aim of reducing costs, meeting low power requirements, and adapting to environmental changes to enhance China's military strength. However, data transmission speeds are slower and signal strength weaker compared to wired networks due to physical and technical limitations, which may result in slower or even interrupted data and file transfer speeds. Despite these limitations, wireless sensor networks have played a critical role in China's reconnaissance system for collecting and processing information in the battlefield environment. The technical principles of wireless sensor networks involve a distributed sensing system with multiple nodes consisting of data collection, big data processing, information processing, and energy supply modules. The identification and tracking of battlefield targets rely on passive observation of objects in activity using acoustic vibration sensors. The development of wireless sensor networks is still ongoing, with problems including limited computing power, storage capacity, communication ability, and energy supply of sensor nodes, as well as the potential for information leakage during the transmission process.

Dual-Energy CT in Cardiothoracic Imaging: Current Developments.

This article describes the technical principles and clinical applications of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the context of cardiothoracic imaging with a focus on current developments and techniques. Since the introduction of DECT, different vendors developed distinct hard and software approaches for generating multi-energy datasets and multiple DECT applications that were developed and clinically investigated for different fields of interest. Benefits for various clinical settings, such as oncology, trauma and emergency radiology, as well as musculoskeletal and cardiovascular imaging, were recently reported in the literature. State-of-the-art applications, such as virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI), material decomposition, perfused blood volume imaging, virtual non-contrast imaging (VNC), plaque removal, and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) imaging, can significantly improve cardiothoracic CT image workflows and have a high potential for improvement of diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.

Analysis of the attack effect of adversarial attacks on machine learning models

The use of neural networks has produced outstanding results in a variety of domains, including computer vision and text mining. Numerous investigations in recent years have shown that using adversarial attacks technology to perturb the input samples weakly can mislead most mainstream neural network models, for example Fully Connected Neural Networks (FCNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to make wrong judgment results. Adversarial attacks can help researchers discover the potential defects of neural network models in terms of robustness and security so that people can comprehend the neural network models' learning process better and solve the neural network models' interpretability. However, suppose an adversarial attack is performed on a non-deep learning model. In that case, the results are very different from the deep learning model. This paper first briefly outlines the existing adversarial example technology; then selects the CIFAR10 dataset as the test data and LeNet, ResNet18, and VGG16 as the test model according to the technical principle; then uses the Fast Gradient Sign Attack (FGSM) method to conduct attack experiments with the CNNs and traditional machine learning algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM); then analyze the experimental results and find that the adversarial example technology is specific to the deep learning model, but it cannot be completely denied that adversarial examples have no attack effect on traditional machine learning models.

Mobility and land-use system in the sport mega-events. The case of the Cagliari stadium (Sardinia, Italy)

The evaluation of the mobility of the Sport infrastructures associated with Mega Events (SMEs), as football stadiums, and, in particular, the modal choices adopted by participants, are the focus of this study. Mobility, geographical aspects and urban planning that characterize a city hosting the SME are the main fields of investigation. In particular, in Italy there is a limited collaborative convergence among technical and scientific principles and the rules expressed by the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI), to which an obsolete regulation for the accessibility of sports facilities refers. The progressive awareness of the communities on the fundamental role of sustainable mobility, energy efficiency, reduction of air pollution, also deriving from the impulse of the 2030 objectives, highlights how it is illusory to think of reaching them without gradual changes in the lifestyle of the communities themselves through political rules of urban development. Furthermore, the pandemic and the recent energy crisis highlighted the need to develop integrated systems - considering geographical, urban and regional planning, transport and mobility issues capable of innovating to improve planning activities and the quality of urban life.

Literature Review for Study of Characteristics of Traffic Flow

Abstract: Traffic engineering is the implementation of engineering concepts and techniques to the safe and efficient circulation of individuals as well as goods on roadways. To make the flow of people and products on highways safe and timely, traffic engineering employs technical principles and procedures. People and products must be moved in a safe and timely manner, which depends on traffic flow, which is directly related to traffic characteristics. The volume, speed, and density of a traffic flow are its three primary determinants. Congestion is one of the most widespread and critical global issues, with severe economic, social, and environmental consequences. In this regard, we have developed a systematic literature review study on the magnitudes of congestion that will attempt to address this issue by presenting the causes of traffic congestion, economic, sociological, and environmental difficulties, potential methods to minimize traffic congestion, and ultimately measures to be performed. On a daily basis, traffic congestion is one of the most apparent, ubiquitous, and immediate transportation challenges facing not only India’s but also the majority of the world’s cities. It has an impact on all types of transportation, particularly highways, as well as all socioeconomic categories. Some of the key reasons for congestion are rapid population growth, increased urbanization, inadequate or unplanned transportation infrastructure, bad public transportation systems, and an increase in the number of personnel vehicles. This literature review paper focuses on studies made on traffic parameters of traffic volume, traffic congestion, including literature on its consequences as well as methods for measuring and rating these effects. Various metrics for measuring traffic congestion have been discussed. These metrics are divided into three categories: travel time, speed and degree of service. Congestion data collection approaches used in various research projects have also been discussed

Where is open data in the Open Data Directive?

The 2019 Directive on Open Data and the Re-use of Public Sector Information draws together two traditions in ensuring proactive access to government data. On one hand, it embraces the concept of ‘open data’, a concept rooted in government accountability and transparency for citizen participation. On the other hand, the directive covers the re-use of non-sensitive public sector information, which is deemed crucial for the internal market and realisation of the European data economy. Indeed, the directive itself is a further iteration of an earlier 2003 directive on the re-use of public sector information. Yet, despite the appearance of a seamless fusion of the different concepts, it is important to interrogate critically to what extent open data is actually incorporated. While the shorthand title for directive the Open Data Directive (ODD), there is a risk that much of the open data movement’s demands fall outside of its purview. Hence, the present paper undertakes a careful analysis of the ODD. It asks firstly, how does the directive align with and diverge from the rationale and requirements of the movement for open data? And secondly, what are the implications of this for citizen participation? The findings show that the original largely technical principles of open data are somewhat respected and incorporated into the ODD but are disjointed from the rationale behind them. References to citizen participation in the directive and supporting documentation, while welcome, risk being little more than window dressing.

Cybergogy untuk Implementasi Pembelajaran PAI yang Bermakna

This paper aims to review the literature to propose a meaningful PAI learning paradigm in the context of cybergogy learning interaction. The demands of ICT needs and the meaningfulness of learning increasingly urge innovation and futuristic learning reconstruction. Empirically, since the Covid-19 pandemic passed, the challenges of PAI learning do not only include the planning, implementation and evaluation of blended learning but also the meaningfulness of learning interactions to achieve the expected goals. The cybergogy model carries aspects of knowledge (cognitive), social and emotional interestingly tracing its conceptual relevance, adaptation and implementation in learning PAI meaningfully. In addition to achieve the goal of meaningfulness of PAI learning, it is also expected to create a comfortable online learning (good online learner) in the integration of digital technology. This paper is developed through the method of reviewing relevant literature from various scientific sources with a literature approach, the data is collected and analyzed descriptively and then a paradigm is proposed that is worthy of being informed and proposed as a finding. Concept of cybergogy is actually relevant to be implemented in PAI learning, having a connection of concepts and principles to create meaningful learning, emphasizing cognitive engagement, strengthening social and emotional values of students. The meaningful PAI learning and the context of cybergogy emphasize careful interaction, namely the identification of various relevant contexts, the learning objectives are achieved comprehensively, namely the development of knowledge and continuous emotional and social growth in line with Islamic teachings. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to pedagogical and technical principles, holistic and integrative approaches, so that they can be widely considered for learning.

Technical principles for caramel application: Analysis of gastronomic and chemical fundamentals

The application of caramel has existed since millenary times, originating in China with rudimentary blown figures. However, up to the present time, the complex artistic figures that are presented in the competitive world gastronomic scenarios or as part of gastronomic sophistication are served in the most exclusive A&B establishments. For this study, a thorough qualitative bibliographic review has been carried out to support and substantiate the culinary chemical principles of components, reactions and process of elaboration of caramel. Concluding in the first instance that sugars are susceptible to reactions such as caramelization due to high temperatures, which leads to the melting point of the carbohydrate to melting and generates compounds related to the characteristics of smell, taste but especially, the dark color of this food; chemical products such as furfural, melanoidin’s, furans, furanone, lactones, pyrones, aldehydes, ketones and more that give the identifying characteristic to the final sweet product.

Cooperative mining technology and strata control of close coal seams and overlying coal pillars

Mining of close coal seams envisages reservation of a large number of section coal pillars of a total width ranging from 30 to 40 m. This results in an enormous waste of coal resources and risks of spontaneous combustion, instability, and damage to the remaining coal pillars. This study attempts to mitigate the above problems via the proposed cooperative mining technical method for close seams and overlying coal pillars. It expounds on the technical principles, the required mining equipment, technology, and the system layout, and analyzes the key influencing factors of strata control. Using the numerical simulation via FLAC3D and PFC2D commercial software packages, the effect of horizontal distance between the lower coal seam roadway and the overlying coal pillar (i.e., spacing) on the surrounding rock control and rational layout of the roadway is studied. The mechanism of the overlying coal pillar width effect on the ground pressure of the stope and coal pillar recovery rate is clarified. The engineering case study shows that when the horizontal spacing was increased from 0 to 15 m, the surrounding rock deformation, surrounding rock stress peak value, and plastic zone area of the roadway decreased significantly. When the coal pillar width in the overlying section was increased from 25 to 40 m, the peak values of lateral and advance bearing stresses in the stope dropped by 21 and 12 MPa, respectively. Besides, the ground pressure driving strength of the stope was significantly reduced, and the recovery rates of the overlying coal pillar and rock between the close coal seams were increased by 7.45 and 4.29%, respectively. Combined with the top coal pillar drawing pattern, optimization concepts and their realization methods were proposed.

Analysis of Laser Cleaning and Rust Removal Technology for Substation Isolator Switches

After running for a long time, isolator switches are prone to be covered with dirt and corrosion. Switch cleaning is necessary for good operation and safety. Laser cleaning technology for rust removal is emerging in recent years. This paper introduces the technical principles of laser cleaning for rust removal in detail, designs a specific process scheme and takes a steel plate sample cleaning and rust removal as a case. The application effect of laser cleaning and rust removal technology is tested and shows that the technology analyzed in this paper can play a great cleaning effect without damaging the equipment base.

Image sensor communication and its transmitting devices

This paper focuses on image sensor communication (ISC) using cameras to receive wireless signals transmitted by visible lights. We summarize the technical principles of ISC from the perspective of transmitting devices. An introduction to the development and applications of ISC was provided, starting with the history of image sensors and visible light communication (VLC). Moreover, the communication mechanism of ISC using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensors is explained in this paper. Specifically, we investigate studies using an optical communication image sensor and the rolling shutter technique for high-speed ISC. Further, we highlight three distinctive transmitting devices in ISC: a LED array, rotating LEDs, and displays, and explain them in terms of structure and signal transmission methods. In particular, we present the parallel transmission of LED arrays and their application in traffic systems and introduce an optical flow-based signal transmission method using rotating LEDs. In addition, two visual transmission techniques in displays-based-ISC using brightness-difference and high-frequency flashing are introduced, respectively. This paper intuitively explains these ISC techniques and reveals ISC’s high versatility.

Why a Technique of the Beginning The XIX Century is Important in the Organ Transplantation Development?

The author presents a singular view of th Alexis Carrel importance in the elaboration the vascular anastomosis, technical principles and organ preservation. His ingenious mind developed an innovation vascular suture technic. The experimental works showed technical details with good method with applicability in unlike characteristic vascular anatomies and vessel caliber. The operatories principles developments were based the transplantations surgery and it’s were applied until today.

Extending effectiveness to efficiency: Comparing energy and environmental assessment methods for a wet cooling tower

AbstractImproving the environmental performance and energy efficiency of cooling towers requires systematic evaluation. However, methodological challenges emerge when applying typical environmental assessment methods to cooling towers. Hence, this paper compares the methods, analyzes their strengths and weaknesses, and proposes adaptions for evaluating cooling towers. As a case study, we applied five methods for assessing the wet cooling system of the high‐performance data center in Stuttgart. These are material flow analysis (MFA), life cycle inventory, life cycle assessment (LCA), exergy analysis, and life cycle exergy analysis (LCEA). The comparison highlights that the LCA provides the most comprehensive environmental evaluation of cooling systems by considering several environmental impact dimensions. In the case of the wet cooling tower, however, electricity and water consumption cause more than 97% of the environmental impacts in all considered impact categories. Therefore, MFA containing energy flows suffices in many cases. Using exergy efficiency is controversially debated because exergy destruction is part of the technical principle applied in cooling towers and, therefore, difficult to interpret. The LCEA appears inappropriate because construction and disposal barely affect the exergy balance and are associated with transiting exergy. The method comparison demonstrates the need for further methodological development, such as dynamic extensions or the efficiency definition of cooling towers. The paper highlights that the methodological needs depend on the specific application.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSES SUBJECT TO VIDEO-PHOTOGRAPHY DURING TESTS OF ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT OF THE GROUND FORCES AND DETERMINATION OF GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROSPECTIVE SAMPLES OF VIDEO-PHOTO EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING

Currently, during the period of active equipping and provision of the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with new and modernized samples of armament and military equipment, there is an urgent need to conduct photo- video registration of the process during the testing of experimental samples with the help of photo and video equipment (cameras, video cameras, thermal imagers, etc.).
 The main problematic issue is that most of the systems and complexes of photo-video registration of information, which are operated in research laboratories of information and measurement systems of the Armed Forces and industrial enterprises of Ukraine, are outdated and have low technical characteristics.
 One of the possible ways to solve this issue is the analysis of physical processes that are subject to registration during tests, in order to determine the technical characteristics of photos and video equipment for their purchase for the operation of video surveillance test laboratories.
 The purpose of the research was to study the technical characteristics of modern photo and video equipment and the possibility of its use in testing weapons and military equipment for various functional purposes, primarily ground.
 This article analyzes the requirements for modern photo and video equipment, its technical characteristics and principles of operation. Domestic and foreign products were subject to analysis. The study of domestic and foreign experience in the use of such equipment shows that special attention should be paid to high-speed and television photo and video cameras when drawing up general requirements as they are the most complex in terms of construction.
 Thus, in order to improve the quality of tests of new and modernized samples of armament and military equipment, the technical characteristics of modern photo and video equipment and the possibility of their use during tests were investigated. The use of promising samples of on-board photo and video equipment during tests of armament and military equipment of the ground forces is possible with a wide range of applications.

Into the Metaverse: Technical Challenges, Social Problems, Utopian Visions, and Policy Principles

The metaverse holds a prominent place in debates over the future direction of digital networks. Proponents claim that advances in virtual and augmented reality will shape every facet of social life. This article defines the metaverse, explores the state of the technology, and addresses its public policy significance. It makes use of a political economic perspective focusing on the concepts of commodification and spatialisation. Specifically, it considers how major platform and gaming companies plan to use the metaverse to expand market share. The article also addresses the cultural dimensions of the metaverse as the latest in a series of utopian visions of a digital sublime. It proceeds to take up the social problems associated with the metaverse and concludes by describing the essential policy principles that should guide public authorities in the regulating the metaverse. These principles include acknowledging that current concerns over implementation do not limit future deployment. Moreover, public policy should start by recognising that the metaverse is a public space and not the private property of the major platforms. Finally, policy must address specific social problems deepened by the arrival of the metaverse including crime, privacy, the impact on climate, and data ownership.

Advances in the application of molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of infectious disease pathogens (Review).

Infectious diseases are a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, seriously affecting public health and socioeconomic stability. Since infectious diseases can be caused by a wide variety of pathogens with similar clinical manifestations and symptoms that are difficult to accurately distinguish, selecting the appropriate diagnostic techniques for the rapid identification of pathogens is crucial for clinical disease diagnosis and public health management. However, traditional diagnostic techniques have low detection rates, long detection times and limited automation, which means that they do not meet the requirements for rapid diagnosis. Recent years have seen continuous developments in molecular detection technology, which has a higher sensitivity and specificity, shorter detection time and increased automation, and performs an important role in the early and rapid detection of infectious disease pathogens. The present study summarizes recent progress in molecular diagnostic technologies such as PCR, isothermal amplification, gene chips and high‑throughput sequencing for the detection of infectious disease pathogens, and compares the technical principles, advantages and disadvantages, applicability and costs of these diagnostic techniques.

Research on the selection of high voltage submarine AC cables for long distance offshore wind farm

With the increase distance of offshore wind farm, the investment proportion of high-voltage delivery submarine cable in the whole project is gradually increasing, so the reasonable selection of cable delivery scheme becomes more and more important. In this paper, for different scales of offshore wind farms, the preliminary selection basis of two delivery schemes of AC high-voltage and flexible DC is proposed, and the economic and technical comparison principles of different AC delivery schemes are further analyzed with engineering example. In general, for medium-sized offshore wind farms, if the AC high-voltage transmission scheme is used, a reactive power compensation station can be set in the middle of the cable to improve the current distribution on the cable.

Spectral CT imaging: Technical principles of dual-energy CT and multi-energy photon-counting CT.

Spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging encompasses a unique generation of CT systems based on a simple principle that makes use of the energy-dependent information present in CT images. Over the past two decades this principle has been expanded with the introduction of dual-energy CT systems. The first generation of spectral CT systems, represented either by dual-source or dual-layer technology, opened up a new imaging approach in the radiology community with their ability to overcome the limitations of tissue characterization encountered with conventional CT. Its expansion worldwide can also be considered as an important leverage for the recent groundbreaking technology based on a new chain of detection available on photon counting CT systems, which holds great promise for extending CT towards multi-energy CT imaging. The purpose of this article was to detail the basic principles and techniques of spectral CT with a particular emphasis on the newest technical developments of dual-energy and multi-energy CT systems.

Technological Innovations of French Jacquard Silk Weaving in the 19th Century

The emergence of the jacquard loom in the early 19th century was one of the most important mechanical inventions among the technological innovations of the French silk weaving industry. Since then, France continuously optimized and improve jacquard loom, resulting in many technological changes. Based on the technical principle of different types of jacquard looms in France in the 19th century, and by referring to literature and conducting field visits to France and other places, our study systematically analyzed and summarized the technological changes of jacquard in French silk weaving in the 19th century. These changes mainly included the modification of crochet shape, direction and thickness of placement, the change of the shape and material of pattern card, the size and arrangement of its holes, and the addition of harness cord and shaft monture, so as to promote the continuous, rapid and steady progress of the whole silk weaving industry.