Literature Review for Study of Characteristics of Traffic Flow

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Abstract: Traffic engineering is the implementation of engineering concepts and techniques to the safe and efficient circulation of individuals as well as goods on roadways. To make the flow of people and products on highways safe and timely, traffic engineering employs technical principles and procedures. People and products must be moved in a safe and timely manner, which depends on traffic flow, which is directly related to traffic characteristics. The volume, speed, and density of a traffic flow are its three primary determinants. Congestion is one of the most widespread and critical global issues, with severe economic, social, and environmental consequences. In this regard, we have developed a systematic literature review study on the magnitudes of congestion that will attempt to address this issue by presenting the causes of traffic congestion, economic, sociological, and environmental difficulties, potential methods to minimize traffic congestion, and ultimately measures to be performed. On a daily basis, traffic congestion is one of the most apparent, ubiquitous, and immediate transportation challenges facing not only India’s but also the majority of the world’s cities. It has an impact on all types of transportation, particularly highways, as well as all socioeconomic categories. Some of the key reasons for congestion are rapid population growth, increased urbanization, inadequate or unplanned transportation infrastructure, bad public transportation systems, and an increase in the number of personnel vehicles. This literature review paper focuses on studies made on traffic parameters of traffic volume, traffic congestion, including literature on its consequences as well as methods for measuring and rating these effects. Various metrics for measuring traffic congestion have been discussed. These metrics are divided into three categories: travel time, speed and degree of service. Congestion data collection approaches used in various research projects have also been discussed