TBA-active Products Research Articles

The value of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in ensuring the immunity of plants

Aim of the research: to identify changes in the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in the organs of different plant varieties, depending on their level of resistance to disease. The subject of the research is the role of individual components of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in ensuring plant resistance to disease. Methodology. Quantitative determination of PAS status was performed on onion tissue samples taken from the following varieties: "Globus" (high-resistant variety), "Rainbow" (medium-resistant variety) and "Donetsk Golden" ( low-resistant variety). For biochemical analysis, tissues from the top of the leaf, the middle of the leaf, the scales of the onion-turnip, stem, flower, roots, and seeds were used. The concentration of superoxide anion radical, TBA-active products, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase, GSH-peroxidase, the concentration of ascorbic acid, glutathione, cytochrome oxidase activity were determined. The results of the research show that іn the tissues of photosynthetic vegetative organs of onions, there is an increase in both parts of the prooxidant-antioxidant system; in tissues that are not capable of photoproduction, there is an advantage of the antioxidant link in accordance with the increased resistance of the variety to disease. Initiation of germination processes enhances the activity of both parts of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and is highest in flower cells. Onion seed tissues, which are at rest, have the advantage of a prooxidant link and an increase in the concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants. Practical consequences. As a result of the correlation analysis of the studied indicators, the presence of a close relationship between the concentration of TBA-active products and the activity of cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase, ascorbate with glutathione was established.

Дезінтоксикаційні процеси в організмі корів за умов згодовування нікелю цитрату в останній період тільності та в перші місяці лактації

The article presents experimental data on the effect of nickel citrate obtained using nanotechnology on the biochemical parameters of cows’ blood. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group I was the control one. The animals of the II and III experimental groups received a feed additive of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg of dry matter of the diet daily during the ninth month of lactation and the first two months after calving. It was found that the addition of both doses of nickel citrate to the transition cows diet contributed to positive changes in some biochemical parameters. A decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-active products, as well as phenolic compounds was revealed. It should be noted that supplementation cows with nickel citrate in the first month after calving led to a significant increase in the content of lipid hydroperoxides by 15.1% in the third experimental group (P<0.01) against decrease in the level of TBARS by 14.8% compared with the control group (P<0.05). Feeding cows of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.1 mg/kg of dry matter stimulated the binding of free phenols and increased the concentration of their conjugated compounds, particularly phenolglucuronides, in the blood of animals of experimental group II by 20.2% (P<0.05). Instead, the use of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.3 mg/kg of dry matter contributed to a more pronounced activation of detoxification function with increasing concentrations of phenolsulfates and phenolglucuronides in the blood of animals of experimental group III compared with animals of control group by 23.1 and 21.2% (P<0.05).

INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDAL OXIDATION PROCESSES IN RATS' BLOOD AT CONTINUOUS CADMIUM AND LEAD LOAD

Lead and Cadmium are attributed to thiol poisons due to their ability to bind to SH groups of proteins. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Cadmium and Lead salts on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of rats. The experiments were performed on male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, from which 4 groups of animals were formed: control and 3 experimental groups. Control rats were administered drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of aqueous solution of Cd2 + and Pb2 + salts. The animals of the first experimental group were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg / kg. Animals of the second experimental group were administered a 16.6% aqueous solution of lead acetate at a dose of 200 mg / kg. Animals of the third experimental group were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg / kg and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg / kg.
 The administration of cadmium chloride and lead acetate to the body leads to the accumulation in the blood of rats of the experimental groups of both intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation. A significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products was observed in the blood of rats of all three study groups from the first day of the experiment. With cadmium and lead combined, rats were found to have the highest levels of diene conjugates and TBA-active products compared to the first and second experimental groups. On the 28th day of the experiment, the level of lipid peroxidation oxidation products in the blood of rats of the third experimental group increased by 76.1%, and the level of TBA-active products - by 38.4% relative to the control group. These changes in the level of lipid peroxidation products indicate an increase in the intensity of radical formation processes. Peroxide oxidation forms, at almost all stages of its course, a number of products that result from the interaction of free radicals with each other and with biological macromolecules.
 The investigations made it possible to reveal the pathogenesis of Cadmium and Lead toxic effects on the rat organism more deeply and to use these data in the development of antidote for cadmium-lead intoxication.

Prevention of mineral metabolism of disorders in lactating rabbits

Considerable damage to rabbit breeding is caused by the loss of production by eating or trampling newborn rabbits by their mothers. The main reason is the weakening of the organism due to deficiency of nutrients (high quality protein) and of biologically active substances in the diet. It is relevant today to search for non-toxic and highly effective complex preventive drugs, which have a positive effect on the mineral metabolism in animal organism. The research was carried out on the farm of Kyiv region. We studied the morphological parameters of blood by standard methods and the biochemical parameters of blood using semi-automatic biochemical analyzer with standard reagent kits. The content of chemical elements in blood plasma was investigated by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma using Optima 2100 DV device. The paper presents the research on determining the biochemical status of an organism of lactating rabbits at the prevention of microelementosis using a new experimental eco-friendly drug. The content of total protein, albumin, glucose, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, TBA-active products, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt and activity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and Catalase in rabbits blood in the first,15th and 30th day for the use of the biologically active additive “Huminorm plus” is determined. In rabbit blood at the use of the “Huminorm plus” with water for watering for 15th days of the experiment, the content of hemoglobin was 1,2 times higher, phosphorus inorganic was 2.2 times higher, urea was 1.3 times higher, manganese was 3.6 times higher, cobalt was 2.6 times higher, cooper was 1.2 times higher and zinc was 1.6 times higher, compared to the first day of the experiment. In rabbit blood at the use of the “Huminorm plus” with feed for 30th days of the experiment, the number of red blood cells was determined to be 7 % higher, content of hemoglobin was 1.4 times higher, total protein was 1.2 times higher, urea was 1.3 times higher, calcium was 1.4 times higher, manganese was 3.1 times higher, zinc was twice higher, iron was 2.5 times higher, cobalt was 2.5 times higher, cooper was 1.7 times higher and alkaline phosphatase activity was 1.7 times lower, compared with the first day of experience. We defined the positive influence of the prophylactic drug on the indicators of hematopoiesis, metabolism of proteins and minerals in lactating rabbits. The development of ecofriendly, non-toxic substances for the prevention of mineral disbolism among rabbits is a promising area of research.

Mechanisms for providing different reactivity to immobilization stress in male and female rats with different resistance to acute hypoxic hypoxia

Attention of scientists of the world are study the features of increased resistance to hypoxia and chronic stress.The aim of the study was to trace the features of multidirectional correlations in the mechanisms of heart damage in high- and low-resistance to hypoxic hypoxia rats (HR, LR) in different models of immobilization stress.Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on 144 outbred HR and LR aged 5.5-6 months, dividing into 3 groups – control and 2 with different model of immobilizing stress. Determine correlation between superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase, GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), conjugates diene and triene (DC, TC), Schiff bases (SB), TBA-active products, nitrite anion, in the blood – peroxidase activity (PAB), ceruloplasmin (CP), circulating immune complexes (CIC), oxidative modification of proteins.Results. In HR males rats in repeated every 24 hours stress, with increasing oxidative stress, has the positive correlation with the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, CP), and in LR with the accumulation of CIC increases GSH. At the stress repeated every 72 hours, various mechanisms of adaptation are noted: in HR animals due to activation of catalase and SOD, in LR – mainly due to catalase and CP. In HR rats-female with stress, which is repeated every 24 hours, adaptation occurs due to activation of SOD and PAB, in LR with the accumulation of CIC – due to PAB and GR. When the stress is repeated every 72 hours, catalase and GH are mainly activated in HR female, in LR – SOD, PAB, CP.Conclusion. The experiments revealed significant correlations that indicate the individual characteristics of the adaptation of rats to immobilization stress, which depend on resistance to hypoxia and sex.

CHRONOPHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SILIMARIN’S HEPATOPROTECTOCAL ACTIVITY UNDER PARACETAMOL HEPATITIS IN RATS

Determination of dependence of the efficiency and toxicity of drugs on the time of day or season is one of the most promising areas of modern experimental and clinical pharmacology. The aim of the study. Aim is to identify features of daily rhythms of silymarin influence on the state of antioxidant/prooxidant and cytolytic processes (the leading link in the implementation of hepatoprotective activity) with paracetamol in rats under conditions of acute toxic liver damage. Materials and methods. Chronopharmacological action features of silymarin were studied by use of the generic drug "Karsil" as an example (Sopharma, Bulgaria) with paracetamol in rats under conditions of acute toxic liver damage. The state of the processes of POL-AOS was evaluated by the content of TBA-active products (TBA-AP), the content of recovered glutathione, the activity of SOD, catalase in hepatocytes, and the cytolytic processes by the activity of ALT in serum. Results. There was established a certain chronoarchitectonics of the rhythms of the antioxidant protection system and the activity of the processes of peroxidation in rats under physiological conditions, which was not disturbed by paracetamol on the background of acute liver damage (with the exception of level of acrophase catalase activity). The same dynamics and commonality of rhythms occurred on the background of the use of silymarin. The maximum display of silymarin hepatoprotective activity was observed under conditions of its use in the morning (09.00) and in the evening (21.00). Conclusions. The use of silymarin during periods of maximal display of its hepatoprotective activity, in the morning (09.00) and in the evening (21.00) may be the way to increase its bioavailability. Chronopharmacological features of silymarin activity have been established and should be taken into account when to conduct its further chronopharmacological studies.

Антиоксидантная активность производного коричной кислоты в условиях истощающих физических нагрузок в эксперименте

Изучена антиоксидантная активность производного коричной кислоты — соединения ATACL — на фоне истощающих физических нагрузок. Физические нагрузки воспроизводили у крыс в тесте «Принудительное плавание». Соединение ATCL вводили в дозе 100 мг/кг в течение 10 дней плавания. У группы крыс отрицательного контроля через 10 дней принудительного плавания, по сравнению с интактными животными, было отмечено повышение количества продуктов перекисного окисления липидов в мышечной ткани: малонового диальдегида и диеновых конъюгатов на 189 % (p < 0,05) и 40,4 % (p < 0,05). В свою очередь наблюдалось снижение активности ферментов антиоксидантной защиты (АОЗ): супероксиддисмутазы на 40,6 % (p < 0,05), каталазы на 33,8 % (p < 0,05), глутатионпероксидазы на 30,1 % (p < 0,05) относительно показателей интактной группы крыс. Применение исследуемого производного коричной кислоты позволило скорректировать данные нарушения — наблюдали повышение содержания СОД, каталазы и ГП в мышечной ткани на 59,3 % (p < 0,05), 127,3 % (p < 0,05) и 106,2 % (p < 0,05), соответственно, и снижение уровня ТБК-активных продуктов и диеновых конъюгатов в мышечной ткани на 75,11 % (p < 0,05) и 33,6 % (p < 0,05) относительно группы отрицательного контроля. Таким образом, производное коричной кислоты (ATACL) на фоне физической нагрузки способно проявлять антиоксидантную активность.

Influence of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” preparations on the antioxidant status of pregnant cows with symptoms of endotoxicosis

The purpose of this search was to investigate the influence of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” on the antioxidant status of cows in the development of endotoxicosis. The experimental part of the work was performed at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Stepan Gzhytskyj Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, in the laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the State Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Preparation and Feed Additives (Lviv) and in the Ltd. “Barkom”, village Yampil of Pustomyty district, Lviv region. To solve the tasks of the research, three experimental groups of 10 pregnant cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed were formed in each: control and two experimental. Cows of the control group (K) had characteristic clinical signs of endotoxicosis. Animals of the first experimental group (E1) were given 10 mL per animal of “Thyroid magnet” at the eighth and ninth months of gestation. The animals of the second experimental group (E2) were given Thyrioton at a dose of 10 mL per animal in the eighth and ninth months of gestation. As a result of the conducted researches it is found out that in pregnant cows with clinical manifestation of endotoxicosis the inhibition of the activity of the antioxidant protection system and intensification of processes of lipid peroxidation occurs. The use of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” in cows by the development of endotoxicosis contributed to the increased activity of the antioxidant system, which is indicated by an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The use of of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” to cows in the development of endotoxicosis contributed to the suppression of lipid peroxidation processes, which is indicated by the low level of primary and final products of lipid peroxidation, namely: lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products. Better normalizing action on the equilibrium on the activity of the antioxidant system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation was shown by the introduction of “Thyroid magnet” at a dose of 10 cm3 per animal.

Dynamics of immune and biochemical features of oral fluid in persons with caries receiving vitamin D

The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of the vitamin D metabolite (25(OH)D3) in the blood serum, the level of some indicators of the immune and peroxidic status in the oral fluid in people with carious processes of different intensities while taking the native solution of vitamin D (international non-proprietary name Cholecalciferol). The study included 47 people aged 20 to 22 with caries and low levels of 25(OH)D3 in blood serum. The control group consisted of 13 people with DMFT index of 0.00 [0.00; 0.00] and a normal serum content of 25(OH)D3. The amount of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, secretory immunoglobulin A, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) was determined in the oral fluid using ELISA reagent kits, and the content of intermediate lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde (TBA-active products) and the level of total antioxidant activity were spectrophotometrically evaluated. Reduced serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 were recorded predominantly in individuals with a DMFT index of more than 9.0. In patients with caries, at a concentration of 25(OH)D3 in blood serum below 30 ng/ml, a decrease in the values of secretory immunoglobulin A, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, cathelicidin, and the level of total antioxidant activity was observed, accompanied by an increase in the number of intermediate products of lyoperoxidation in the oral fluid. The course intake of the native AquaDtrim vitamin D solution (Cholecalciferol) led to normalization of the values of certain immune and biochemical parameters (cathelicidin LL-37, secretory immunoglobulin A, LBP of the oral fluid) and restoration of balance in the system «lipid peroxidation - antioxidants». The results indicate the advisability of assessing the level of 25(OH)D3 in the body for the diagnosis of pathological processes in the oral cavity and the use of vitamin D preparations in the prevention and complex therapy of carious process.

QUERCETIN LIMITS THE PROGRESSION OF OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS IN THE RATS’ TISSUES AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

The aim: To investigate the effect of water-soluble form of quercetin on the indices reflecting the progression of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the cerebral tissues and the periodontium of rats after experimental TBI. Materials and methods: The studies were conducted on 30 white rats of the Wistar line weighing 180-220 g, divided into 3 groups: the 1st group included pseudo-injured animals (subjected to ether anaesthesia, fixation without TBI modeling), the 2nd group included the animals exposed to modeled moderate TBI, the 3rd group involved the rats, which were given injections with water-soluble form of quercetin (corvitin, "Borshchahivskiy CPP", Ukraine) intraperitoneally in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg recalculated for quercetin for 7 days following the TBI modeling. The formation of superoxide radical anion (.О2 -), activity of NO-synthase - total (NOS), its constitutive and inducible isoforms (cNOS, iNOS) - and concentration of peroxynitrite were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the tissues was evaluated by the formation of a stained trimethine complex during the reaction of tiobarbituric acid (TBA). The activity of the antioxidant system was assessed by increasing in the concentration of TBA active products during 1.5 hour incubation in iron-ascorbate buffer solution, as well as by the activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Results: The use of quercetin under the experimental conditions significantly reduced the О2 - generation by NADPH- and NADH-dependent electron transport chains by 30.2 and 35.0% (in the cerebral hemispheres) and by 23.5 and 32.5% (in the soft periodontal tissues), respectively, compared to the findings in the 2nd group. The production of this radical by leukocyte NADPH oxidase in these organs was inferior to the value of the 2nd group by 39.3 and 29.9%. We revealed that the use of quercetin in the experimental conditions probably reduced the activity of NOS, including iNOS, by 38.2 and 45.3% (in the cerebral hemispheres) and by 53.5 and 66.9% (in the soft periodontal tissues), respectively, compared with the findings in the 2nd group. Under these conditions, the cNOS activity went up by 50.0% and doubled, the peroxynitrite content was lower by 19.5 and 32.1% than that in the 2nd group. The administration of quercetin in the experimental conditions significantly reduced the concentration of TBA-active products in the homogenate of cerebral hemispheres and soft periodontal tissues. The development of decompensated LPO is also confirmed by a decrease in the activity of SOD and catalase. Conclusions: on the 7th day after modeling moderate TBI in rats the signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress are found not only in locus morbi (in the tissue of the cerebral hemisphere), but also in distant organs (periodontal tissues). Applying of water-soluble form of quercetin significantly reduces signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the tissue of the cerebral hemisphere of rats, as well as in periodontal tissues on the 7th day after moderate TBI modeling.

Стан системи антиоксидантного захисту у гепатопанкреасі коропів за асоційованої інфекції аеромонозу з сапролегніозом

Bacterial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in both wild and cultured fish. Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Associative infections pose a significant threat to fish farming, so it is necessary to develop effective means of prevention and treatment of these infections; it is advisable to study in detail their impact on various fish. The aim of the study was to determine the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and the activity of the antioxidant defense system in the body of carp suffering from aeromonosis and the associated infection of aeromonosis with saprolegniosis. The research was conducted at the Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS. There were three groups of fish, 5 in each. The control group consisted of clinically healthy fish, the first experimental group (D1) – carps affected by Aeromonas hydrophila infection, the second experimental group (D2), which consisted of carps affected by associative Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. The results of studies have shown that carp with associative infection ‒ of Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, especially the primary product of LPO. Thus, in the hepatopancreas of fish there was an increase of 1.4 (p <0.05) in the reasonable content of diene conjugates and there was a tendency to increase the content of TBA-active products. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of pathogenic factors of this disease on the activity of the enzymatic link of the antioxidant defense system was stated. In particular, carp patients with associative infection ‒ of Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. had higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, respectively, 1.3 (p <0.05) and 2.3 (p <0.01) times. The results of experimental studies made it possible to expand and deepen the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the co-infection of Aeromonas hydrophila infection with Saprolegnia Sp. and to use the data to develop effective treatments.

Effectiveness of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide for secondary prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases in young individuals with obesity

Obesity is a non-infectious pandemic, largely associated with oral diseases development. Oxidative stress is one of the crucial mechanisms in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in obesity. Nanomedicine is a highly promising to alleviate pbesity and associated conditions. The aim was to study the influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on periodontal tissues of patients with diverse values of BMI and assess changes of periodontal tissues. We included 125 young Ukrainian individuals of both sexes (18-22 years old), divided into four groups according to Body mass index (BMI). Initial oral status was detected with index assessment that include the determination of caries intensity by DMFT index, oral hygiene determination (Green-Vermillion index), periodontal tissues (Rateitchak index), PMA (Parma), CPI (Leus), PBI (Saxer and Muhlemann). The periodontograma was completed for all patients. After the initial checkup all examined patients with generalized catarrhal gingivitis were randomly divided into two groups: treated with «Cerera» (the active substance is nanoparticles of cerium dioxide 2-7 nm in concentration of 140 mcg/ml that were stabilized with sodium citrate) per os for 10 drops every day in the morning diluted in 50 ml of water for 10 days and controls. Patients with 1st and 2nd degree obesity have a significantly higher grade of periodontal alteration compared with normal BMI and overweight (values of CPI 1.7±0.9 and 1.66±0.12 vs 1.33±0.11 and 1.42±0.11 respectively). The intensity and the prevalence of gingiva inflammation assessed by PMA and PBI index were significantly higher in obese individuals. In all overweight patients the level of catalase activity was significantly lower than in patients with normal values of BMI. The administration of «Cerera» significantly increased the activity of catalase regardless of BMI, significantly changed the values of gingival inflammation indexes; the severity of inflammatory process became less intensive vs baseline (determined by PBI values before 17.6%±2.1 and 7.8%±2.1 after treatment; in the 4th group the values of PBI had declined significantly by 1.6 times). After the 10 days administration of «Cerera» the content of GAG and fucose in oral liquid of all obese individuals significantly decreased; lipid oxidation parameters decreased in excessive obesity: TBA-active products levels in patients with BMI 35.00-39.99 kg/сm2 dropped down from 53.9±2.11 μmol/L to 47.43±2.29 μmol/L. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles demonstrate high effectiveness against inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues in obese patients. The mechanisms of action of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in the periodontal structures are needed to be precisely determined in further studies.

THE EFFECT OF ACUTE HYPEGLYCEMIA ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IN THE LIVER OF THE INVERTEBRATE MOLLUSK - LYMNAEA STAGNALIS

Comparison of dynamic changes of biochemical reactions in the liver and CNS of freshwater liver mollusc LYMNAEA STAGNALIS has been conducted. It has been conducted during incubation in the highly concentrated solution of glucose. The indicators of superoxiddismutase (SOD) activity, the level of renewed glutation (G-SH), Se-dependant glutation peroxidase (Se-GP) and TBA-active products were estimated and compared. Also for the tissues of the Central Neural System and tissues samples of liver it was found out by glucoseoxidate method the concentration of glucose in haemolymph of the investigated biological object in the conditions of hyperglycemia. A comparative estimation of the general protein concentration in both tissues was conducted. Resistance of the liver tissue to hyperglycemia and a reverse effect towards CNS was found out.

Determination of some indicators of immunity and lipoperoxidation in the oral fluid in persons with a low vitamin D level.

Oral fluid is a unique biological environment, containing a wide range of substances, coming from local and systemic sources, which makes it possible to use it as an object for assessing pathological changes in the body both at the local and systemic levels. In comparison with the traditional method of blood analysis, the advantage of evaluating the parameters of the oral fluid is the non-invasive of this method of obtaining material. All patients underwent oral fluid sampling using special plastic containers with a swab, which facilitate the selection of material, eliminating the penetration of mucin into a clean test sample, which helps to obtain more accurate analysis results. The amount of secretory IgA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), TBA-active products, the level of total antioxidant activity in the oral fluid in individuals with a low level of 25(OH)D before and after taking the native solution of vitamin D "Aqua Trim" were determined. The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A, lipopolysaccharide, binding protein and the level of total antioxidant activity are reduced in the oral fluid of people with vitamin D deficiency, but the number of intermediate products of lyoperoxidation increases. The course intake of the native solution of vitamin D (International Nonproprietary Name - Colecalciferol) normalizes the functioning of the immunity of the oral cavity and restores the balance of the "lipid peroxidation-antioxidants" system.

Influence of Resveratrol on Oxidation Processes and Lipid Phase Characteristics in Damaged Somatic Nerves.

It has been shown that the intensification of oxidative processes is observed when somatic nerves of rats are damaged. Accumulation of malondialdehyde occurs, and the phase properties of the lipid bilayer change, especially in the distal part of the nerve. Under the same conditions, there are multidirectional changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreases, and catalase (CAT) activity increases. Under the action of resveratrol, there is a decrease in the number of TBA-active products in both areas of the damaged nerve. Alongside resveratrol action, SOD and CAT activity tends to return towards the control values. Similar patterns are observed in the action of resveratrol on the phase states of lipids with the damage to somatic nerves. By summarizing the data obtained, it can be claimed that when the nerve is damaged, profound changes occur both in the lipid component and in the antioxidant system. Resveratrol has a stabilizing effect on the studied parameters, and a longer period of time is required for their complete recovery.

The Quercetine Containing Drugs in Pharmacological Correction of Experimental Diabetes with Myocardial Injury

AbstractBackground and aims:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is becoming an epidemic. The diversity of etiological factors contributes to the fact that both types of diabetes mellitus occur among different age groups and among different segments of the population. Activation of various types of processes that lead to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, the development of atherosclerotic changes, increases the risk of macro- and microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus.Material and methods: The experiments were performed on 172 white Wistar rats weighing 120–150 g. All animals were kept on a standard I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (TNMU), vivarium diet. In our studies, for the first time was established a distinct cardioprotective effect of quercetin-containing drugs, Corvitin and Lipoflavon, for the purpose of normalizing disorders in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus coupled with obesity, which opens wide opportunities for the introduction of these drugs into diabetic cardiomyopathy.Results:The results obtained are an experimental rationale for extending the indications of clinical use of Corvitin and Lipoflavon.Conclusion:Lipoflavon in the experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus coupled with obesity significantly outperforms Corvitin in terms of TBA-active products and diene conjugates.

Significance of lipid peroxidation processes in renal excretory dysfunction in cases of acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion and its correction

Introduction. Activation of lipid peroxidation processes, which are exacerbated in cases of limb ischemia-reperfusion associated with temporary application of a tourniquetis a key mechanism of acute blood loss. However, its significance in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction is understudied. The information on the effectiveness of carbacetam administration under these conditions, which has an antioxidant effect, is lacking.Objective. The aim of the research was to investigate the significance of lipid peroxidation processes in renal excretory dysfunction in cases of acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, and to evaluate the effectiveness of carbacetam for correction of these disorders.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 108 nonlinear male rats weighing 160-180 g. All animals were divided into five groups: a control group and four experimental groups (6 rats in each).The first experimental group comprised the animals anesthetized with thiopental sodium, in which a two-hour limb ischemia was simulated with further reperfusion. In the second experimental group the acute blood loss in the amount of 20-22% of a circulating blood volume was simulated to the anesthetized animals by femoral vein dissection. In the third experimental group these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group the animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion were administered with carbacetam intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight for correction. In the control group, the animals were anesthetized with equivalent dose of thiopental sodium; a tourniquet was applied for 2 hours without stopping the blood flow, and subsequently studied in 1 hour.In 1 and 2 hours, as well as in 1, 7and 14 days, the renal function was assessed in the experimental animals by means of the water loading test. Urine was collected for 2 hours and diures is was determined. After urine collection, the rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium andtakenout of the experiment by total bloodletting from the heart. Concentrations of sodium in the urine and serum, as well as protein in the urine were determined. According to these data, sodium and protein excretion wasassessed. Additionally, the content of reagents with regard to thiobarbituric acid –TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation, was determined in the renal medulla.Results and discussion. In cases of limb ischemia-reperfusion, acute blood loss and their combination, the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation in the renal medulla increased the most in 1 day. Up to the 14thday, the index decreased, but did not reach the level of the control group and was significantly higher in the group of animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion. In cases of the simulated injuries, increased sodium and protein excretion was evidenced compareto the control group.The highest increase in these parameters corresponded to the maximum activation of lipid peroxidation in the renal medulla in relation to the terms, and according to the amplitude increased from the group with limb ischemia-reperfusion to the group with acute blood loss and then to the group with combination of these disorders. This pattern was manifested the most significantly in 7-14 days of the reperfusion period. In case of carbacetam administration, the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation and sodium excretionin the renal medulla significantly decreased in 7-14 days, compare to the animals without correction.Protein excretion decreased in 14 days of carbacetam administration. Taking into account the pronounced antioxidant properties of carbacetam, the attained result proved the significance of activation of lipid peroxidation processes in cases of kidney damage after limb ischemia-reperfusion, acute blood loss and their combination.Conclusions. With underlying limb ischemia-reperfusion, acute blood loss, and their combination, the sodium and protein excretion increase compare to the control group. The highest increase of these parameterstakes placein 1 day of the reperfusion period thatcorresponds to the maximal accumulation of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation in the renal medulla in relation to the terms.The amplitude of changes in the studied parameters increases from the group of animals with limb ischemia-reperfusion to that with acute blood loss, and then to the group with their combination that is the most pronounced in 7-14 days of the reperfusion period.The carbacetam administration (at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal body weight) causes a significant nephroprotective effect and up to the 14th day leads to a significant decrease in the content of TBA-active products of lipid peroxidation, reduced sodium and protein excretion in the renal medulla.

OXIDATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROCESSES IN THE FOCUS OF THE SKIN EXPOSED TO LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local ultraviolet radiation on the content of lipid peroxidation products, lipofuscin, and the functioning of antioxidant enzymes in the skin of guinea pigs. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 24 albino guinea pigs exposed to a single local ultraviolet radiation. The control group was made up of intact animals. The content of primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (TAC-active products) lipid peroxidation products, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and the content of lipofuscin were assessed in the skin in 2 hours, 4 hours, and on the 3rd and 8th day following the UV irradiation. Results. Under the influence of local ultraviolet radiation, all guinea pigs develop erythema (its peak is observed in 4 hours, and on the 3rd day), which disappears on the 8th day. There is a sharp enhancement of lipid peroxidation processes due to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation primary and secondary products in the skin of guinea pigs in all periods of the experiment. In parallel with the increase in lipid peroxidation products, there is a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the focus of radiation. The content of lipofuscin in the skin progressively increases throughout the study period. Conclusions. The early erythema period following the local ultraviolet irradiation in the skin of guinea pigs, is characterized by increased content of diene conjugates and TBA-active products (in 2, 4 hours, on the 3rd day); decreased catalase activity and increased lipofuscin concentration (on the 3rd day after irradiation). The early post-erythema period (8th day) following the local ultraviolet irradiation is characterized by the accumulation of diene conjugates, TBA-active products and lipofuscin against the background of a decrease in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the skin of guinea pigs.

Influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the indicators of antioxidant protection of rat myocardium in experimental modeling of heart failure

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bendamin on the antioxidant status of rats in experimental doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. The studies were performed on white sexually mature young male of Vistar line rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on a standard diet of the Institute Vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group R1, in which animals were simulated with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group R2, in which animals were injected with the drug “Bendamin” at a dose of 20 mg/kg after injection of doxorubicin. The data obtained indicate that the introduction into the experimental animals of the experimental group of doxorubicin is accompanied by intensification in the myocardium of the processes of free radical oxidation. The increase in diene conjugates was found to be 32.7% and TBK-active products increased by 37.6% compared to the control group of rats. Doxorubicin was also found to cause inhibition of the glutathione system of the animal's antioxidant protection after administration to rats. After administration of the drug “Bendamin”, rats of the second experimental group were suppressed with lipid peroxidation under the conditions of doxorubicin intoxication. In the rats of the second experimental group, the level of intermediates and end products is likely to decrease, so in the rat myocardial homogenate the level of diene conjugates decreased by 16.8% and the level of TBA-active products by 20.8% compared to the first experimental group. who had clinical signs of cardiomyopathy caused by doxorubicin administration. The use of the drug “Bendamin” in rats of the second experimental group contributed to the enhancement of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic element of the antioxidant system, protecting the structural and functional integrity of cell bioembranes. The results of the studies enrich the pharmacological characteristics of the drug “Bendamin”, indicate its sufficiently clear protective effect on the myocardium in experimental doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and is a convincing proof of the feasibility of the drug in veterinary practice.

Determination of conditionally therapeutic dose of dry extract from Salat Crop leaves on a model of tetrachlormethane lesion of liver in rats

Topicality. The search for natural remedies that would exhibit antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, antioxidant, choleretic, hepatoprotective actions and positively influenced the entire body in order to create new medicines based on them is one of the pressing issues of modern pharmacology and pharmacy. Plants used for food can serve as a basis for new medicines.Aim. To establish a conditionally therapeutic dose of the extract from lettuce leaves in the experiment with simulated tetrachloromethane hepatitis in rats.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on white outbred male rats, who were simulated toxic liver damage with carbon tetrachloride (twice (every other day) at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg body weight). Euthanasia was performed using sodium thiopental on the fourth day after the introduction of carbon tetrachloride in compliance with all rules for working with vertebrate animals. For the study, extract doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg per kilogram of body weight of the animal were used. The activity of lipid peroxidation was assessed by the content of TBAactive products, the activity of membrane-destructive processes - by the activity of aminotransferases (AsAT and AlAT), the state of the antioxidant system by the content of CP and catalase activity.Results and discussion. It was noted that the lesion of rats with carbon tetrachloride causes a significant (p ≤ 0.05)increase in serum levels of TBA-active products (2.1 times), ceruloplasmin (5.6 times) and aminotransferase activities. At the same time, a decrease in catalase activity is observed (by 5.8 times). The activity of AsAT and AlAT in the serum during this period increases almost equally – by 4 times. Significant changes in the studied parameters observed after application of a dose of 100 mg / kg of body weight of animals.Conclusions. A conditionally therapeutic dose of the extract is considered to be a dose of 100 mg/kg of bodyweight, which has a positive effect on the indices of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system and cytolysis under conditions of modeled toxic hepatitis.