Acer Tataricum Research Articles

ADAPTATION POSSIBILITIES OF INTRODUCED PLANTS OF VARIOUS ORIGIN IN CONDITIONS OF BOTANICAL GARDEN AT SURGUT STATE UNIVERSITY

The botanical garden in Surgut is the northernmost in Western Siberia and one of the northernmost botanical gardens in Russia. It is the major point for promoting new agricultural and biological technologies to the Far North. Currently, the collection of ornamental plants of the Surgut botanical garden comprises about 200 species and varieties of herbaceous plants belonging to 60 genera and 32 families, and about 210 species, forms and cultivars of woody plants. The research objective is to study the adaptation mechanisms of some ornamental plants from the collection of the botanical garden using the up-to-date portable flavonoid and chlorophyll meter DUALEX. The research objects are five species of herbaceous plants of genus Iris L. - Iris hungarica Waldst. &Kit., Iris variegata L., Iris sibirica L., Iris glaucescens Bunge, Iris sulfurea C. Koch. and eight species of woody plants of genus Acer L. - Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer rubrum L., Acer trautvetteri Medw., Acer tataricum L., Acer ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A. Mey., Acer spicatum Lam., Acer mandshuricum Maxim., Acer ginnala Maxim. The range of nitrogen balance (Nbi) in herbaceous plants varied from 32.2 to 39.7, and the chlorophyll content was from 48.1 to 58.6 mg/cm2. In woody plants, the content of chlorophyll (Chl) ranged from 23.9 mg/cm2 ( Acer spicatum ) to 31.3 mg/cm2 ( Acer rubrum ), i.e. only 1.3 times within the group species growing on one flank. The content of flavanols in woody plants ranged from 1.3 mg/cm2 in Acer mandshuricum to 1.9 mg/cm2 in Acer ukurunduense . The maximum values of Nbi, Chl indices for Iris hungarica and Acer pseudoplatanus are an adaptive reaction to growing conditions and indicate the formation of plantprotective functions. The pigment content of leaves in ornamental plants indicates their satisfactory physiological state, as evidenced by a slight variation in biochemical parameters among the tested groups of ornamental plants.

OVERSPREADING OF VISCUM ALBUM L. ON HONEY PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNYTSIA REGION

The intensity of damaging the nectar and pollen trees of forest lands, parks and woods in the conditions of Vinnytsia region has been studied. It has been found that in the zones of the highest local overspreading of Viscum album L. on the nectar and pollen trees, the following sequence of their damage is observed, in particular, in the conditions of forest lands: Tilia cordata L.-Tilia platyphyllos L. -Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.; in the parks: Acer platanoides L.- Acer tataricum L.- Tilia cordata L.- Acer campestre L.- Tilia platyphyllos L. - Robinia pseudoacacia L.; in the woods: Robinia pseudoacacia L. - Tilia platyphyllos L. - Acer tataricum L. It depended both on the composition of the nectar and pollen trees and their number in the area of distribution of the parasite. It was found that the level of damage to the nectar-dust-bearing trees of forest lands, parks and forest strips was respectively within 11.7% - 34.6%, 28.5% - 85.5% and 38.4% - 84.8%. Characterizing the intensity of distribution of white mistletoe within the forest lands, it should be noted that damage to the Tilia cordata L. – 34,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 23,5%, Acer platanoides L. and Acer tataricum L.– 25,0% and 11,7% . In the conditions of park plantations, damage to Viscum album L.: Tilia cordta– 51,6%, Tilia platyphyllos L. – 52,9%, Viscum album L. – 28,5%, Acer platanoides L. – 85,5%, Acer campestre L. – 71,4% and Acer tataricum L.– 63,6%. Analysis of the intensity of Viscum album L. distribution on the nectar-pollen-bearing trees of the forest area under the highways showed that this parasite was damaged: Tilia platyphyllos L. – 38,4%, Viscum album L. – 84%, Acer campestre L. – 42,8%. The intensity of damage to nectar-pollen was found to depend on the dominant tree species in the area of local Viscum album L. In the woodland, a greater proportion of the nectar-bearing trees were Tilia, in the park zones – Acer platanoides L. and in the forest strips -– Viscum album L., at the same time, and a larger percentage were observed of damaged trees in these species. The distribution of Viscum album L. depended not only on the breed of nectar-pollen-bearing trees, but also on the number of trees of a particular variety in the area of their local damage by this parasite.

A new locality record of a rare fungus Cercopemyces rickenii (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) in Ukraine

Cercopemyces rickenii (Bohus) Dima & L. Nagy (Agaricales: Tricholomataceae) is a rare species red-listed in Ukraine and in a number of other countries. Before now in Ukraine, the fungus was recorded in five localities, only in the steppe zone. All known localities were confined to sandy soil and plantings of Acer tataricum L. or Robinia pseudoacacia L. It is reported about sixth record of C. rickenii, located outside the steppe zone and the most northern in Ukraine. The fungus was found here in plantings formed by Caprinus betulus L. and Acer platanoides L. on forest soils. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was shown that the spore surface of C. rickenii had tuberculate ornamentation. In addition, it was shown that the basidium of the fungus could have more than four sterigmata.

Резерви підвищення лісистості та продуктивності культур сосни у Центрально-придніпровській височинній області

Досліджено, що Центрально-Придніпровська височинна область відзначається надзвичайно низьким відсотком лісистості та майже суцільною розораністю. Встановлено, що за раціонального ведення лісового господарства у регіоні досліджень, резервом для підвищення лісистості є прирічкові землі, землі, непридатні для подальшого сільськогосподарського використання і землі покинутих людьми сіл, які були збудовані у басейнах водозборів великих і малих річок. Виявлено, що ліси водозбору представлені лісовими масивами, полезахисними, протиерозійними, придорожніми смугами, трапляються невеликими фрагментами на схилах долини, зрідка виходять на плакор, а серед зональної рослинності збереглися дубово-ясенево-грабові ліси. У чагарниковому ярусі має перевагу ліщина звичайна, рідше – клен татарський, бруслина бородавчаста та європейська. Водночас уздовж русла, особливо у пониззі, формуються заплавні вербово-тополеві ліси, а у верхів'ях водозабору – заплавні вільшняки. З'ясовано, що для підвищення продуктивності соснових насаджень Чигиринського бору у випадках, коли догляд своєчасно не здійснювався і лісостан формувався в умовах високої повноти, інтенсивність рубань для середньовікових і пристигаючих насаджень доцільно підвищити на 1015 %. Наступні прийоми доглядових рубань необхідно проводити традиційними селекційними методами через 4 роки, оскільки простежується зміна глобальної температури за останні 175 років у бік потепління. Висвітлено наслідки введення робінії псевдоакації як міжквартального бар'єру за залісення Чигиринських пісків. Пропонуємо як систему протипожежних заслонів проти поширення вогню у соснових культурах у ролі міжквартальних бар'єрів використовувати насадження берези повислої, а не робінії псевдоакації. Земельні наділи покинутих людьми сіл пропонуємо заліснювати деревостанами на типологічній основі з урахуванням головних лісотвірних порід місцевості.

Современное состояние полезащитной полосы с участием дуба

Shelterbelt forests are one of the most important factors of ecological optimization of agrolandscape. The research purpose is to analyse the current state of the forest belt with the involvement of English oak (Quercus robur L.) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) in the vicinity of Zolotaryovka village (Stanichno-Luganskiy district of Lugansk region, Ukraine) and development of necessary measures for belt’s regeneration. Archival data on the time of planting and age of the studied object were not found out. Shelterbelts in Lugansk region were created in accordance with Stalin’s plan for the transformation of nature, which was designed for the period from 1949 till 1965. We laid out two permanent trial plots due to the branch standard OST 56-69–83 in the studied plantation. We determined the composition of the shelterbelt, the diameter and mean height of trees and their condition by Kraft using the results of the enumerative inventory. The vital status of trees was estimated based on the “Sanitary regulations in the forests of the Russian Federation”. Undergrowth of Norway maple, Tatarian maple and mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) is the most numerous under the canopy of parent plantations. These species originally were not in the stand composition of the shelterbelt. It has been found that in the stand there is a forest-forming process aimed at formation of a forest biocenosis with predominance of Norway maple. The decisive factor affecting the condition of oak trees in the shelterbelts is the condition of their last rows. The survival rate of oak depends on the fall of Norway maple with the natural formation of forest stand in the plantation created by the corridor or ordinary way. It was revealed that it is necessary to carry out increment felling in the rows of Norway maple in order to improve the conditions for growth and development of English oak in the studied plantation. If a set of measures for promotion of tree regeneration in the shelterbelt is not carried out, then in the future there may be a change of English oak to Norway maple and Tatarian maple trees.For citation: Gribacheva O.V. The Current State of the Shelterbelt Featuring English Oak (Quercus robur L.) and Norway Maple (Acer platanoides L.). Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 4, pp. 34–44. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.4.34

The Biology of Exechesops foliatus Frieser, 1995 (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Anthribidae) in the European Part of Its Range

The life cycle, host plants, distribution, and economic importance of Exechesops foliatus Frieser, 1995 in the European part of its range was studied. The species has a one-year generation. Its larvae feed and develop in the seeds of Acer tataricum and A. ginnala. Adult beetles are active from early June to mid-August, and oviposition continues from late June to early July. Larvae develop from the end of June to mid-August; late instar larvae hibernate, and pupation begins in May of the following year. From 1.5 to 97.0% of maple seeds were damaged. No parasites were found but up to 25% of the weevil larvae were infested with predatory mites of the genus Pyemotes, with 1 to 15 mites per larva.

Evaluation of tree measurements after the reconstruction of tree-row system in five narrow streets of Debrecen

Viable urban environment is largely dependent on the size, condition and distribution of urban green spaces within and around cities. Treerows in streets are one of the most essential elements of urban green spaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate tree taxa compositions and lifespan values of trees in tree-row system with special reference to five narrow streets (Garai, Jókai, Tanító, Csokonai and Zsák) of Debrecen. Tree numbers, tree taxa and the origin of tree taxa were determined in two years (2009 and 2017). As a next step, six selected taxa (Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer', Acer tataricum, Sorbus intermedia 'Browseri', Magnolia kobus, Acer platanoides 'Olmsted', and Crataegus x lavalleei 'Carrierei') were further estimated for the following lifespan parameters: i) trunk diameter (cm), ii) tree crown size (m), iii) trunk status (in 0–5 grades), iv) tree crown status (in 0–5 grades), v) estimated tree viability (in 0–5 grades), and vi) tree value in Ft. Our results showed that the numbers of tree taxa were 9 and 11 in 2009 and 2017 as well as an overall 279 and 282 trees were evaluated in 2009 and in 2017, respectively. More than 60% of the trees were native or similar to native taxa. The largest and the lowest trunk diameters were achieved for Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer' and for Acer tataricum, respectively. The largest and the lowest tree crown diameters were achieved for Acer platanoides ’Olmsted’ and for Magnolia kobus, respectively. The best and the worst trunk statuses by 2017 were achieved for Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer' and for Crataegus x lavalleei, respectively. The best and the worst tree crown statuses by 2017 were achieved for Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer' and for Acer tataricum, respectively. The best estimated tree viability status was achieved for Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer' and for Acer platanoides. Overall tree values were 2.73 times higher in 2017 compared to 2009. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the importance of appropriate choice of tree taxa for an establishment of tree-row system in narrow street conditions.

Effects of Oxidized Brown Coal Humic Acid Fertilizer on the Relative Height Growth Rate of Three Tree Species

This study aimed to identify the effects of oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizer on the relative growth rate of several tree species intended for reforestation. Field experiments were carried out during 2011–2014 at the Research and Experimental Center for Combating Desertification located at the Elsen Tasarkhai station in central Mongolia. The trees studied were Populus sibirica Tausch., Salix ledebouriana Trautv., and Acer tataricum L. The experiment was conducted with concentrations of 2000, 10,000, and 20,000 mg L−1 of humic acid fertilization treatment. Measurement of the relative height growth rate (RHGR) was undertaken for a period of four years. The results demonstrated significant differences between the humic fertilizer concentrations, which varied depending on the species. Compared to monthly RHGR over the study period, the treatment using fertilizers yielded significantly better tree growth. P. sibirica, when treated with 2000 mg L−1 and 10,000 mg L−1 humic acid fertilizers, had significant height growth rates. S. ledebouriana with 20,000 mg L−1 of humic acid fertilzers treatments showed the highest RHGR. In addition, when the humic acid treatments were compared to the control, results showed that oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizers as an organic fertilizer can have a significant effect on the growth of A. tataricum. The results equally showed that the soil chemical properties EC, CO2, NO3, and K2O were significant among all the treatments compared to control. The effect on P2O5 significantly increased in all the treatments; however, there was no significant effect on pH and Mg among all treatments. Combining the results obtained with reforestation and sustainable land-management practices can help to improve soil organics in degraded sandy soil regions.

Evaluation of lifespan values of six tree taxa in city streets

The aim of this study was to evaluate lifespan values of trees in tree-row system in the streets of Debrecen in two years (2009 and 2017). Six selected taxa (Pyrus calleryana, Acer tataricum, Sorbus intermedia, Magnolia kobus, Acer platanoides and Crataegus x lavalleei) were estimated for the following lifespan parameters: i) trunk diameter (cm), ii) tree crown size (m), iii) trunk status (in 0-5 grades), iv) tree crown status (in 0-5 grades), and v) estimated tree viability (in 0-5 grades). Our results showed that the largest were achieved for Pyrus calleryana and the lowest for Acer tataricum. The largest tree crown diameters were achieved for Acer platanoides and the lowest Magnolia kobus. The best trunk statuses by 2017 were achieved for Pyrus calleryana and the worst Crataegus x lavalleei. The best tree crown statuses by 2017 were achieved for Pyrus calleryana and the worst for Acer tataricum. The best estimated tree viability status was achieved for two taxa (Pyrus calleryana and Acer platanoides). Overall tree values were 2.73 times higher in 2017 compared to 2009. In summary, this study demonstrated the role of appropriate choice of tree taxa for a tree-row system under city street conditions.

Systematic metabolic profiling and bioactivity assays for bioconversion of Aceraceae family.

Plants are an important and inexhaustible source of bioactive molecules in food, medicine, agriculture, and industry. In this study, we performed systematic liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolic profiling coupled with antioxidant assays for indigenous plant family extracts. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis of LC-MS datasets for the extracts of 34 plant species belonging to the families Aceraceae, Asteraceae, and Rosaceae showed that these species were clustered according to their respective phylogenies. In particular, seven Aceraceae species were clearly demarcated with higher average antioxidant activities, rationalizing their application for bioconversion studies. On the basis of further evaluation of the interspecies variability of metabolic profiles and antioxidant activities among Aceraceae family plants, we found that Acer tataricum (TA) extracts were clearly distinguished from those of other species, with a higher relative abundance of tannin derivatives. Further, we detected a strong positive correlation between most tannin derivatives and the observed higher antioxidant activities. Following Aspergillus oryzae-mediated fermentative bioconversion of Acer plant extracts, we observed a time-correlated (0–8 days) linear increase in antioxidant phenotypes for all species, with TA having the highest activity. Temporal analysis of the MS data revealed tannin bioconversion mechanisms with a relatively higher abundance of gallic acid (m/z 169) accumulated at the end of 8 days, particularly in TA. Similarly, quercetin precursor (glycoside) metabolites were also transformed to quercetin aglycones (m/z 301) in most Acer plant extracts. The present study underscores the efficacy of fermentative bioconversion strategies aimed at enhancing the quality and availability of bioactive metabolites from plant extracts.

First Report of Desarmillaria tabescens Found on Ulmus pumila in South Korea

In November 2013, basidiomes of Desarmillaria sp. were observed at the base of a single Ulmus pumila L. (Siberian elm) tree planted along the street nearby the main gate of the National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea (37°35′29.46″N, 127°02′32.74″E, elevation 28 m). Bark and basidiome samples were collected from this tree, which was suspected of having been associated with Armillaria root disease. Symptoms and signs, respectively, included crown thinning and a mycelial fan between the bark and wood of the trunk of the tree, roots of the tree, and basidiomes at the tree base. No rhizomorphs were formed. Since the first detection where basidiomes of Desarmillaria sp. were observed on U. pumila in November 2013, the tree was subjected to be monitored, and was felled for safety in June 2017. U. pumila, native to Central Asia, eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Xizang (Tibet), northern China, India (northern Kashmir), and Korea (Fu and Whittemore 2002), is a commonly planted street and shade tree in South Korea and is widely distributed across the country. Fungal isolations (CFPR-UP14AT:1 and 2) were directly made from the mycelial fan and basidiomes produced on the tree, and were deposited at the culture collection (CFPR) of the Forest Pathology Research Laboratory, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea. Genomic DNA was extracted using the isolate CFPR-UP14AT:1. The intergenic spacer-1 (IGS-1) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers LR12R (5′-CTGAACGCCTCTAAGTCAGAA-3′) and O-1 (5′-AGTCCTATGGCCGTGGAT-3′), and sequenced. The resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no. KT004513). A BLAST search in GenBank revealed that the xsequence from U. pumila was 99% identical (100% query cover) to Desarmillaria tabescens (Scop.) R.A. Koch & Aime sequences reported from Japan (AB510824.1, AB510839, and AB510823). Somatic pairing tests of the isolate with other Korean armillarioid species, including Armillaria mellea (CFPR-AME5), A. ostoyae (CFPR-AOS6), D. tabescens (CFPR-ATA3), and A. gallica (CFPR-AGA5), also confirmed that the species is D. tabescens (syn. A. tabescens). In addition, basidiomes produced on the trunk base in 2014 matched morphological features of D. tabescens, e.g., exannulate, cespitose growth in clusters, brown-gray stipes turning blackish toward the base, longitudinally fibrillose, basidiospores (6-) 7 to 9 × 4 to 5 (-5.5) μm. On the basis of these features, particularly the absence of rhizomorphs, the identity of the fungus isolated from U. pumila was ensured as being D. tabescens (Burdsall and Volk 1993; Koch et al. 2017). D. tabescens–Ulmus associations were only recorded in North America (Farr and Rossman 2018). In this regard, this is the first confirmed report of D. tabescens found on U. pumila in South Korea. In addition to the present report of D. tabescens on U. pumila, the fungus was previously reported as a causal agent of Armillaria root rot of Acer tataricum, Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora, Prunus salicina, and Quercus sp. in South Korea (Lee and Seo 2016) as well as Eucalyptus spp. and Prunus dulcis in Europe and Araucaria araucana in Mexico (Farr and Rossman 2018), although, in most cases, the fungus is considered a saprophyte colonizing the stumps of trees. Given the fact that D. tabescens is occurring on U. pumila, more surveys and monitoring are needed to determine the occurrence of the fungus as a pathogen on U. pumila trees.

Analysis of trophic structure of forest flora in the Oril River valley

Biodiversity is important for maintaining of forest ecosystems functioning and in their resistance to anthropo-climatic challenges. Assessment of species diversity and species ecomorphic analysis is the basis for determining their current status, rational use and protection. At the end of the nineteenth century, Belgard A. L. (1950) in his system of ectomorphs using terminology presented by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), had proposed a «trophomorph» category that reflected species relation to soil richness. Analysis of trophomorphs reflects diversity of soil conditions in different biotopes within forest ecosystems. The article gives an analysis on vascular plant trophomorphs distribution in various forest biotopes of Oril river valley. Flora and vegetation surveys in forests of Oril river valley were carried out by A. L. Belgard and T. F. Kirichenko since the 30s of the 20th century. The latest data on forest vegetation state within the Oril river valley were given in the works of Y. Gamulja and V. Manyuk. Generalized bioecological analysis of flora Oril river valley was represented in the monograph of B. Baranovsky, V. Maniuk, I. Ivanko, L. Karmyzova «Flora analysis of the Oril National Park». As is known, edaphic conditions of plant habitats in a first place are determined by soil fertility depending on the plant nutrients availability. Soddy-forest soil on sandy terrace of Oril river valley has a relatively low content of humus and total nitrogen: 2 and 0.04 %. Under these conditions, pine phytocenoses were ocсurred that represented exclusively by artificial plantings. Soils in the depressed area of Oril river floodplain are much richer in humus and nitrogen content (10 and 0.37 %). Here, arboreal and shrubby vegetation is represented by communities with common oak. On the second terrace of Oril river valley, forest vegetation is represented by artificial pine forests. Microcenoses with black locust, amorpha and willow occurred on elevated areas of sandy terrace (arena). In the depressed area of the arena, microcenoses with aspen and birch, aspen, Tatarian maple, amorpha, black locust were occurred additionally to pine communities. In the Oril floodplain, native arboreal and shrubby vegetation is represented mainly by communities with common oak. In depressed areas of the floodplain, microcenoses with white poplar, black poplar, aspen, Tatarian maple, amorpha, willow (Salix alba, S. fragilis), osiery (Salix cinerea, S. triandra), and alder are fragmentarily occurred. In conditions of elevated areas of the floodplain, 196 vascular plants species were found, and 105 species in depressed areas. On the second terrace, 38 plant species grow on the elevated areas, and 54 species on the depressed ones. Flora includes 45 adventive plant species. In depressed floodplain areas, oligotrophs are represented by 7 species, mesotrophs by 126 species, megatrophs by 50 species, and in elevated areas: 7, 126 and 25 species, respectively. In depressed areas of arena oligotrophs are represented by 4 species, mesotrophs by 29 species, and megatrophs by 11, elevated areas: 7 and 21 species respectively, and megatrophs were absent.

Chemopreventive effects of Ku-jin tea against AOM-induced precancerous colorectal lesions in rats and metabolomic analysis

Ku-jin tea (KJT) is a health beverage prepared from the leaves of the plant Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala that has been consumed in some regions of China for thousands of years. KJT contains high levels of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative compounds such as ginnalins, but little is known about the chemopreventive effect of KJT on colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of KJT on colon carcinogenesis using the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced precancerous colorectal lesion model in rats. The results showed that the number of aberrant crypts, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and crypts/focus in rats of the KJT + AOM group were significantly decreased compared with rats of the AOM group (p < 0.01). Further exploration of the prevention mechanism of KJT by UPLC-QTOF/MS-based urinary metabolomics showed that 5 metabolic pathways were modulated, including purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, in the group with KJT. In addition, the levels of the immunomodulatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-10 were significantly decreased, and the levels of IL-2 in the serum of AOM rats increased after KJT treatment. Our present data suggest that KJT can inhibit AOM-induced colonic ACF formation and might be a useful chemopreventive agent against colorectal carcinogenesis.

Botanical expedition in mountains of Caucasus in 2013

Summary [editor’s note]The botanical expedition has an important role in documenting unknown flora and its natural history. Such expedition has been instrumental to ascertain what conservation actions the region need of. Gennady A. Firsov writes a short note providing a fascinating account of a botanical expedition in the Caucasus Mountains. His vivid account of geography, climate and flora provide a resemblance between floral diversity with that of physical geography and climate. The six member expedition team visited the highest peak of Caucasus, the Bermamyt plateau, Teberda and Tuman- Lykyel Lake. Teberda, in particular, is a unique floral sanctuary where three seasons can be witnessed at the same time: warm summer down the valley, early spring in alpine meadow and winter further up with snowy storms, glaciers and everlasting snows. The Teberda Biospherical State Nature Reserve harbors 43 species of mammals. The tallest tree (60 m) measured in the expedition was Nordmann’s Fir, which is considered tallest species in Russia. The explorers visited the gorge of Gonachkhir River and the Kyzgych gorge. The Kyzgych gorge is strictly protected regime where flock of aurochs lives in the wild. Here, the team found Lonicera steveniana Fisch. ex Pojark for the first time. They were lucky enough to discover Acer tataricum L. and Euonymus nanus Bieb. in Razvalka mountain.Gennady A. Firsov, G. A. (2017) Botanical expedition in mountains of Caucasus in 2013. Conservation Science, 1: 1-9.

Типологічне різноманіття лісів на водозборі річки Сіверський Донець на території Луганської області

Typological analysis of watershed forests of the Seversky Donets River was carried out on the basis of forest management data with electronic databases of "Ukrderzhlisproekt" Production Association. More than 27 types of forest were analyzed with total size of 228.2 thousand hectares. The classification of forest growth conditions, forest types and tree species on the left and right banks of the Seversky Donets River was done for the Luhansk region. We determined that the forest fund of the Luhansk region consists from the oak forests – 46.4 %, sudubrava – 21.1 %, conifer forest – 17.5 %. The proportion of coniferous forests makes up to 15.0 % of total forest area. We calculated that the area of common oak and common pine is 86.9 and 70.9·103 ha respectively. The following types of forests are prevailing: dry birchbark-marple sudubrava (30.8 %), fresh oak-pine sudubrava (13.1%), dry Tatarian maple sudubrava (12.9%), and fresh pine forest (10.6%). In the forest area of the Luhansk region we registered 70 tree species, of which 19 species – in oak-pine forest; 37 – in conifer forest; 55 – in sudubrava; 59 – in oak forest. By categories of protection the recreation forests (51.7 %) and protective forests (42.0 %) are the dominant. The forests of nature protection, forests of scientific, historical and cultural significance have only 6.4 % from the total forest area. The structure of forests by age groups was: middle-aged forests – 41.3 %, young growths – 17.8 %, ripening forests – 15.5 %, mature forests – 16.7 %, and old growth forests – 13.3 % from total forest area of Luhansk region.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПИГМЕНТОВ У ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ПОРОД ГОРОДСКИХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ

&lt;p&gt;The study features the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Larix sibirica &lt;/em&gt;Ledeb, &lt;em&gt;Tilia cordata &lt;/em&gt;Mill, &lt;em&gt;Populus alba &lt;/em&gt;Ledeb &lt;em&gt;x Populus sowietica piramidalis &lt;/em&gt;Jabl, &lt;em&gt;Acer negundo &lt;/em&gt;Ledeb and &lt;em&gt;Acer tataricum &lt;/em&gt;Ledeb in various types of urban green zones. It has been established that the pigment content is a species trait and correlatively depends on the growing conditions (remoteness from pollution sources and transport highways). In ecologically safe areas, high values of photosynthetic pigments in all species have been established, especially the indicators of the pigment amount and the ratio of chlorophyll p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study involves the structure and content of the green pigment of chlorophyll in healthy and damaged leaves. In gas-resistant plant species in an urban environment, the content of a-chlorophyll and the sum of the green pigments are several times higher than in the leaves of medium-resistant species. The authors point out a change in the content of photosynthetic pigments from the concentration of acid gases in the environment and the rate of their absorption.&lt;/p&gt;

저수지 수변 식생 건강성 평가

This study was carried out to assess the riparian vegetation health in the fluctuation area and vicinity of reservoirs. The results of this study could be a basic data to improve the ecological function and establish green-network of waterside ecosystem. The study site is Daecheong lake reservoirs which the representative landscape of Geum river and with great number of visitors near metropolitan city. The 6 survey plots of 2 survey area were selected, survey area 1 had 4 survey plots and survey area 2 had 2 survey plots, and to compare the study results 4 control plots were selected in Gyeongcheon reservoir. The main dominant specie of survey sites was Salix koreensis in tree and subtree layer, were Salix koreensis and Salix glandulosa. in shrub layer. 2 survey plots of Samjeongdong and Kyeongcheon reservoir were assessed as 'Good', 2 survey plots of chudong were assessed as 'Fair' in vegetation health assessment. In the fluctuation area from flood water level to low water level, 58 populations of Salix koreensis were found in survey sites and Salix koreensis, Salix glandulosa and Acer tataricum subsp. ginale were found in control sites. The most adequate species at the condition affected by inundation impacts would be Salix koreensis and Salix glandulosa was more healthy at the area less affected by inundation. This study was carried out the vegetation health assessment on Daecheong reservoir which has been advanced natural succession for more than 30 years after the construction. Further, it should carry continuously out the research on the planting model of the waterside ecosystem for ecological restoration.

ФИТОИНДИКАЦИОННОЕ ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ КАТЕНЫ СООБЩЕСТВ ПОЧВЕННОЙ МЕЗОФАУНЫ И ИХ ЭКОМОРФИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ

The approaches to the use of catena method of studying the diversity of soil animal communities’ arena landscape of the Dnieper River Valley (within the natural reserve “Dnieper-Orelsky” using phytoindication estimation have been developed in the present article. Soil animals ecomorphes have been verified on the basis of main trends variability of environmental conditions which evaluated by means of phytoindication approaches. Monitoring polygon situated in the north-eastern part of the natural reserve "Dnieper-Orelsky". The width of the polygon is 3260 m, height – 2850 m, its total area is 930 hectares. Inside the polygon we selected some five plots: on the slope of the sand dunes at the border the sandy steppe and Acer tataricum shrub; on the slope of the Northern exposure of the Orlova valley in Acer tataricum oak forest with Dáctylis glomeráta; in terrace near the flood plain on the border with the lower part of the slope, in elm-black poplar forest with Glechóma hederácea; in the waterlogged tributary of river Protoch on the border of the marsh and forest ecosystems; in river Protoch in grass community, in a gradient from the marsh community to steppe meadows. Each plot was represented by 105 squares of size 3×3 m. Squares arranged in 7 contiguous rows of 15 squares in each. Plot size was 21×45 m. Big side plot was located along the visually discernible gradient terrain topography and vegetation cover. In each square we made a description of the vegetation with the assessment of the projective cover with a lag of 10%. In the center of each square we sampled soil of 0.25×0.25 m from which the soil macroinvertebrates have been extracted by hand sorting. The ordination of mesopedobionts communities has been applied to multidimensional scaling procedure based on metrics of Bray-Curtis with provisional data on transformation according to Hellinger. The phytoindication estimation of the environmental regimes have been found to be statistically significant predictors of multidimensional scales that obtained after ordination of mesopedobionts communities. Dimension 1 can be explained by edaphotop nutrient status, dimension 2 can be explained by edaphotop humidity, dimension 3 may be explained by soil aeration, dimension 4 may be explained by quantity of carbonates in soil. Dimensions 5 and 6 have a complex factor nature which is difficult to interpret meaningfully. Environmental assessment regimes using phyto-indicative scales enabled set the value of soil carbonate content and aeration in structuring of soil animals communities. The obtained result makes reasonable provision of new ecomorphes of soil animals such as aèromorph and carbonatomorph. Aèromorphes are ecological group that combines soil animals, preferring similar condition of soil aeration, among which are highlighted in aerophyles, sub-aerophyles, hemiaerofobes and subaerofobes. Carbonatomorphes are ecological group that combines soil animals, preferring similar condition of carbonates content in soil, among which are highlighted in carbonatofobes, akarbonatophyles, hemicarbonatophyles, carbonatophyles and hyper-carbonatophyles. Classic catena approach for biogeocenotic and landscape diversity investigation have been supplemented by the assessment of the ecological regimes through phytoindication and ecomorphic analysis of vegetation. Ordinates of ecological regimes are the gradients of variation of soil animal communities. Information and valuable markers of vegetation (phytoindication scale and ecomorphes) can be used as training variables to assess the indicator properties of soil animal communities. Ecomorphes of soil animals reflect the main aspects of the structural organization of their communities and may serve as valuable indicators of the properties and behaviors of soil as environment of living organisms.

Forest plant community changes in the Spačva lowland area (E Croatia)

The forests in the Spačva Basin are a complex of lowland forests in the region of Slavonia (eastern Croatia). The present state of the forests is strongly influenced by intensive exploitation and hydro-ameliorative activities carried out in the past. The aim of this study was to consider the extent of changes in species composition, and the extent of environmental changes in forest communities of the Spačva Basin in relation to research conducted between 1969 and 1971. The species composition of four communities (Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris aceretosum tatarici, and caricetosum remotae, and Leucojo-Fraxinetum angustifoliae) is studied by comparing 41 old and 57 new relevés. Changes were estimated using ordinations (RDA, CCA, DCA) and changes in species frequency and cover. A general trend of moisture reduction was noticeable among all communities. All vegetation types are becoming floristically more similar. An increase in frequency and cover of flood intolerant woody species (such as Carpinus betulus, Cornus sanguinea, Tilia tomentosa, and Acer tataricum) as well as a decrease of vernal species related to wet habitats are particularly evident. The succession of all studied communities is resulting in loss of the mosaic community pattern characteristic of lowland alluvial forests.

Ku-jin tea (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala or A. tataricum subsp. theiferum), an underestimated functional beverage rich in antioxidant phenolics

This study provides the scientific proof for Ku-jin tea (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala or A. tataricum subsp. theiferum) as a functional beverage for the first time. Ku-jin tea is a polyphenol-rich drink and its metabolic profile was analysed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS). Thirty-five compounds were identified from the extract of Ku-jin tea, including twenty phenolics that are mainly flavonoids and gallotannins. Furthermore, fourteen pure phenolic compounds were isolated from Ku-jin tea and their antioxidant capacities determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results demonstrated that the flavonoids and gallotannins are potent antioxidant compounds, and that the galloyl substituent group could improve the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids. Additionally, quantification of phenolic compounds in Ku-jin tea infusions was carried out with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Five gallotannins were found to be predominant, and ginnalin A was determined as the most abundant compound (up to 57.38 mg/g dry weight in most samples). These results revealed that Ku-jin tea could be an excellent functional beverage due to its high concentration of natural antioxidants and active phenolic compounds.