Task Situation Research Articles

Situational tasks in the study of chemistry by students of nonchemical specialties

The article presents situational tasks in the discipline of higher educational institutions «Chemistry» and substantiates the advantages and importance of using this type of task in practical classes. Thus, a specific example of work to reduce the gap between the knowledge and skills of a university graduate and the needs of the employer is given. Situational tasks are presented as learning tools that are important to use, on the one hand, to ensure that the teacher develops students’ knowledge, skills and abilities provided for by regulatory documentation and, on the other hand, to make students aware of the purpose of studying a particular topic of the discipline, ways to search and find solutions concerning their professional activities, explanation and competent solution of everyday issues. For example, tasks and assignments on some topics of the course are presented: the basic concepts and laws of chemistry, the periodic system of elements, the energetics of chemical reactions, solutions and the basics of electrochemistry for students of non-chemical specialties of the university studying chemistry as a general educational discipline, which is a prerequisite for basic and specialized disciplines of the specialty. Such work in practical classes makes it possible to observe the expansion of knowledge and skills of students, an increase in their interest in the chosen profession and in the discipline «Chemistry», socio-psychological satisfaction from their own ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice and, as a result, an easier inclusion of a young specialist in professional activity and the team.

Самооценка академических достижений студентов медицинского вуза в зависимости от интерактивных методов обучения

The purpose of the work is to identify the features of self-assessment of academic achievements of medical students depending on interactive teaching methods. The sample consisted of 272 6th year students of the medical and pediatric faculties (of which 76 % were women and 24 % were men) and 3 teachers of the Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine of Izhevsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The study was carried out as part of the study by students of the discipline “Doctor's Communication Skills”, one of the main goals of which is to prepare for the primary accreditation of future doctors. Classes were held in the form of communicative training. All teachers actively use simulation training, but to varying degrees: one teacher focuses on the “Standardized Patient” method, the second one - on the use of a case method with situational tasks from the professional activities of doctors, the third one - actively uses both. Based on the concept of A. V. Zakharova about the types of self-assessment, the authors developed an author's questionnaire aimed at determining the self-assessment of students' academic achievements. Within its framework, the features of retrospective, actual and predictive self-assessment of the academic achievements of students were found. Statistically significant differences in the self-assessment of academic achievements of students depending on the use of interactive teaching methods were revealed. To prepare for primary accreditation, the Standardized Patient methodology is effective. For the formation of professional competencies, it is also significant to use the case method in the classroom in the form of role-playing games and group discussions. Simulation training has a positive effect on the formation of a predictive self-assessment of academic achievements, an increase in the educational and professional motivation of students, and the development of their reflective and productive thinking.

A High-Resilience Imprecise Computing Architecture for Mixed-Criticality Systems

Conventional mixed-criticality systems (MCS)s are designed to terminate the execution of less critical tasks in exceptional situations so that the timing properties of more critical tasks can be preserved. Such a strategy can be controversial and has proven difficult to implement in practice, as it can lead to hazards and reduced functionality due to the absence of the discarded tasks. To mitigate this issue, the imprecise mixed-critically system model (IMCS) has been proposed. In such a model, instead of completely dropping less-critical tasks, these tasks are executed as much as possible through the use of decreased computation precision. Although IMCS could effectively improve the survivability of the less-critical tasks, it also introduces three key drawbacks - run-time computation errors, real-time performance degradation, and lack of flexibility. In this paper, we present a novel IMCS framework, which can (i) mitigate the computation errors caused by imprecise computation; (ii) achieve real-time performance near to that of a conventional MCS; (iii) enhance system-level throughput; and (iv) provide flexibility for run-time configuration. We describe the design details of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HIART</i> -MCS, and then present the corresponding theoretical analysis and optimisation method for its run-time configuration. Finally, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HIART</i> -MCS is evaluated against other MCS frameworks using a variety of experimental metrics.

Factors affecting work motivation of Commune Officials in Can Duoc District, Long An province

“Factors affecting work motivation of Commune Officials in Can Duoc District, Long An Province” is a research topic conducted at commune-level state administrative agencies in Can Duoc district. Long An province with the aim to determine the factors affecting the work motivation of commune-level cadres; from there, propose managerial implications to help increase work motivation for commune-level cadres in Can Duoc district, Long An province, thereby building a contingent of qualified grassroots cadres. and capacity to meet the requirements of tasks in the new situation, wholeheartedly and devotedly serving the People, contributing to the construction of a true Party and government agency “of the people, by the people and for the people”. The study conducted a survey and directly consulted with 191 commune-level officials working in Can Duoc district, Long An province. Then, carry out the steps of testing, evaluation, and quantitative analysis using SPSS 20.0 software (descriptive and test statistics, exploratory factor analysis - EFA, regression analysis). The results of the study identified 5 factors that directly affect the work motivation of commune officials in Can Duoc district, Long An province, the level of impact from strong to weak according to the coefficient βeta, respectively: “Training and promotion”, “Leadership”, “Relationship with colleagues”, “Working environment and conditions” and “Wages and benefits”.

Influence of information systems on the structure of the labor market of the transport industry

In the context of sustainable development and the digital economy, it is difficult to find labor resources for the transport industry that are guided by modern trends. That is why it is necessary to analyze the labor market and determine the indicators of personnel efficiency for the transport industry. Readiness for employment and self-employment occur in a scientific and psychological concept reflecting the motives and determination to accept professional activity tasks in a specific life situation. However, at present, the phenomenon of readiness requires diagnosis, correction and development of the qualitative characteristics included in it. Obviously, modern paradigms of sustainable development and the digital economy significantly complicate their adaptation in a dynamic economic system under the influence of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. The labour market and self-employment are also drifting in a crisis. On the one hand, there is a shortage of labour resources, on the other hand, there is a fairly high unemployment rate.

Postural Control of Patients with Low Back Pain Under Dual-Task Conditions.

Low back pain is a major global public health problem, but the current intervention effect is not ideal. A large body of previous literature suggests that patients with chronic low back pain may have abnormal postural control, which is more evident in the dual task situation. In recent years, research on postural control in patients with low back pain under dual-task conditions has gradually become a hot topic. However, the results obtained from these studies were not entirely consistent. In this review, we summarized relevant studies on the performance of postural control in patients with low back pain under dual-task conditions, analyze it from the perspective of the theoretical model of dual-task interaction, the specific research paradigm of dual task, the performance of postural control, and the related factors affecting postural control performance, etc. It was reasonable to assume that patients with low back pain might have a certain degree of abnormal postural control, and this abnormality was affected by comprehensive factors such as age, cognitive resource capacity, attention needs, complex sensorimotor integration, external environment, etc. Furthermore, postural control performance in low back pain patients under dual-task conditions was further influenced by the nature and complexity of the different tasks. In general, the more attention resources were needed, the external environmental conditions were worse, and the age-related functions were degenerate, etc., the weaker posture control ability was. In short, a deeper understanding of postural control in patients with low back pain under dual-task conditions may shed light on more references for the rehabilitation and management of low back pain, as well as some new ideas for scientific research on cognition and postural control.

Adaptive Resource Planning for AI Workloads with Variable Real-Time Tasks

AI (Artificial Intelligence) workloads are proliferating in modern real-time systems. As the tasks of AI workloads fluctuate over time, resource planning policies used for traditional fixed real-time tasks should be re-examined. In particular, it is difficult to immediately handle changes in real-time tasks without violating the deadline constraints. To cope with this situation, this paper analyzes the task situations of AI workloads and finds the following two observations. First, resource planning for AI workloads is a complicated search problem that requires much time for optimization. Second, although the task set of an AI workload may change over time, the possible combinations of the task sets are known in advance. Based on these observations, this paper proposes a new resource planning scheme for AI workloads that supports the re-planning of resources. Instead of generating resource plans on the fly, the proposed scheme pre-determines resource plans for various combinations of tasks. Thus, in any case, the workload is immediately executed according to the resource plan maintained. Specifically, the proposed scheme maintains an optimized CPU (Central Processing Unit) and memory resource plan using genetic algorithms and applies it as soon as the workload changes. The proposed scheme is implemented in the open-source simulator SimRTS for the validation of its effectiveness. Simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme reduces the energy consumption of CPU and memory by 45.5% on average without deadline misses.

The Emotional Intelligence Development in the Context of a Problem-based Approach to Intellectual Activity

The article shows that the considering of emotional intelligence as one of the types of general and single intelligence, leads us to the most fundamental point - is the tasks it solves. Therefore, the use of the problem situation tasks in emotional intelligence development in adolescence is a prerequisite for the actualization of individual emotional and cognitive activities. The paper also represents the theoretical and methodological analysis of the psychological foundations of individual emotional intelligence genesis in early adolescence, which became the basis for the development of the author’s concept of this study. Thus, the theoretical model of the emotional intelligence genesis in early adolescence is formulated and substantiated; the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the structure, levels and features of emotional intelligence development of young people is made; the system of psychological factors, mechanisms and laws of emotional intelligence genesis in early adolescence is determined. The materials of the article can be used to solve practical problems of modern institutions of general secondary, vocational and higher education, in particular, to diagnose the level of emotional intelligence of pupils and/or students, to work out effective programs of psychological support in early personality development; to elaborate the individual programs for the emotional intelligence development. Theoretical provisions and research results can be used for the studying process in general secondary education, vocational training and/or higher education institutions, as well as in the psychological education practice and social and psychological centres for the development and implementation of psychological support programmes for both personal counselling and educational process. The main attention in emotional intelligence studies is focused on its psychological structure and relationships with other intrapersonal manifestations. This trend has led to contradictions between ideas about the place of emotional intelligence in the structure of personality and understanding of structural and functional features of emotional intelligence as a metacognitive construct, as well as between criteria for determining a sufficient level of emotional intelligence for mental development and scientifically reasonable psychological and pedagogical tools of emotional intelligence formation, functioning and development. However, the problem area remains the question of the peculiarities of emotional intelligence development at different age stages of individual mental development. Problems of the emotional intelligence genesis in adolescence have not been studied, respectively, there is a lack of clear understanding of the psychological conditions and specifics of the emotional intelligence development in adolescence

Значення фітнесу в рекреаційній підготовці майбутніх фахівців із фізичної культури

Modern globalization processes determine the vital necessity of policy implementation in the field of training of highly qualified personnel of higher education. Studying the experience of training specialists requires a critical analysis of the achievements of existing educational systems. Their adaptation to national needs will make it possible to implement positive trends in the higher education sector of Ukraine. The paradigm of education in the field of fitness and recreation has changed significantly in recent decades, which is explained by the orientation towards a fundamentally new understanding of the essence of recreation and its role in the educational system. At the same time, there is a public need in Ukraine for specialists in physical education and sports who are able to perform recreational and recreational activities, which is extremely important for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, disease prevention and increasing the level of physical activity of various segments of the population, therefore there is a need to define key aspects and trends in the training of specialists in recreational and recreational activities in higher education, where the personality of a specialist in recreational and recreational activities is one of the most important factors in attracting the population to rational motor activity. The study is dedicated to the development of ways to improve the recreational training of future physical culture specialists, a training mechanism for health aerobics, athletic gymnastics, children’s fitness, “fitness class”, etc. has been created. The content of classes has been developed, taking into account the profile of training (sports training, physical education, etc.), models of fitness programs for future use in preschool, school, secondary special and higher educational institutions, sports sections. The effectiveness of fitness in increasing physical fitness, being able to make an individual program of classes and nutrition, solving situational tasks, conducting fitness classes, knowledge of types of recreational activities for the future professional activity of physical culture specialists is shown.

КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ МАРКЕТИНГ КАК ИНДИКАТОР ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА В СФЕРЕ УСЛУГ

Inattention of managers to the issue of implementing modern marketing concepts (opportunities, goals, objec-tives, methods, tools, etc.) as an integral part of effective development of small businesses in the prevailing conditions oftransformation of socio-economic development of the regions of modern Russia becomes the cause of crisis phenomena in the activities of business entities. The services sector has proved to be the most vulnerable and unable to resist the impact of negative factors of the current market environment. The article defines the specificity of services marketing, including at the stage of consumer and behavioral needs of market subjects; investigates development trends of practical marketing in the service sector in 2020 - 2022. The results of the survey of small business representatives in the sphere of services (on the example of Rostov-on-Don) are presented for the purpose of more complete description of their attitude to the concept of marketing and its functions. Its results were taken into account in the development of the algorithm of marketing development in the sphere of services, corresponding to the standards of small businesses and capable of adap-tation in the correlation of marketing decisions, planning and organization of marketing, creation of communication com-plex and evaluation of the feasibility of all stages of interaction of the enterprise with the interested parties. The algorithm was successfully tested in the context of situational task in the practical training of fourth year students in the field of "Marketing in trade" at the Rostov State Economic University (RINH), demonstrating its applicability as a tool to develop a quality marketing concept of small business services in accordance with current market conditions.

Анализ работы устройства для установки выносных опор самоходных шасси мобильных транспортно-перегрузочных канатных комплексов

Single-span mobile ropeways of the pendulum type, formed with the help of two mobile transport and reloading rope complexes connected by a single rope system on the basis of self-propelled wheeled chassis of high cross-country ability and carrying capacity, are currently considered as a promising type of transporting equipment for solving many tasks in adverse natural and social situations. The article is devoted to an important technical task of ensuring the safe operation of rope complexes associated with the loss of overall stability and overturning of the wheeled chassis under conditions of significant operational loads from the tension of the rope system, creating an overturning moment. The original design of the device for the installation of outriggers is presented in detail, providing automated execution of the necessary technological work. The developed method of designing this device is based on the analysis of the kinematics of the movable structural elements of the device, which allowed us to establish the calculated dependencies for determining the main structural dimensions. The considered design and design methodology can be used in the creation of transport and technological machines of other functional purposes, during the operation of which situations of loss of overall stability and overturning are possible.

Creativity as a key competence in advertising industry: Knowledge management and creative potential stimulation

The study purpose is to investigate the development of creativity in the process of knowledge management in the advertising industry. The novelty of the research is in the study of creativity and social intelligence management as key competencies of this industry. The study is motivated by the high need for continuous improvement in the quality of training of employees in the advertising industry. The respondents group for the online study was formed by simple randomisation from representatives of the advertising industry in the Russian Federation (42 people) and China (45 people). The training methodology consisted of several online exercises in the form of situational tasks aimed at stimulating creativity as well as the development of communicative, image qualities and social intelligence. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 13.3 software (StatSoft Inc.). To compare quantitative data in the group of respondents before and after the training, a paired Student’s t-test was used to test the null hypothesis about the absence of statistically significant differences in the results of tests of creativity and other significant variables for pre- and post-test after applying the training methodology. The null hypothesis was rejected. The research has shown the possibilities of stimulation of creative potential and development of active thinking, its fluency and flexibility by means of training sessions.

Efficiency of the Methods for Forming the Chemical Safety Competence of Future Doctors

The paper provides a theoretically substantiated scope, structure, criteria and indices of the chemical safety competence of future doctors in the course of studying bioorganic and biological chemistry. There is a motivation-value component (formedness of steady inner drives and understanding of the practical value of interpreting and applying biochemical aspects of chemical safety to the medical and preventative activities of future doctors), a cognitive component (knowing the substantive aspects – ‘Modern Chemical Safety Ideas’ and ‘Biochemical Aspects of Chemical Safety’) and an activity component (using the chemical safety knowledge, capabilities and skills) to be singled out in the structure of the chemical safety competence of future doctors. There are set requirements to the indices and levels (low, average, adequate, high) of the formedness of the motivation-value, cognitive and activity criteria of the chemical safety competence of future doctors in the course of studying bioorganic and biological chemistry. The article describes the methods of forming the competence of future doctors in chemical safety during the study of bioorganic and biological chemistry, suggests the use of modern teaching methods (designing, solving situational tasks, performing laboratory studies simulating the effects of harmful chemicals, testing), pedagogical methods ( interpretation of the concepts of biochemical trends of chemical safety, video lectures and methodical instructions are provided for independent study by students), work in groups and individual work.

Information interference and loss in a dual task situation: Task 1, choice reaction time; Task 2, unspeeded recall.

The extraction and maintenance of second task information was explored in four dual task experiments. A variant of the psychological refractory period procedure was used with the first task, a speeded choice reaction to a tone and the second task, the unspeeded recall of letter triplets. Prior research had shown that recall accuracy dropped as the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) decreased and task overlap increased. This could be due to interference with extracting perceptual information or to loss of the information while awaiting central resources. All four experiments showed evidence of interference, with the accuracy of recall for the first letter recalled relatively unaffected by SOA but with accuracy for later letters dropping as SOA decreased. Two of the experiments showed evidence for loss of second task information, with accuracy lower on trials with longer first task reaction times. The two other experiments showed loss of information when either the response complexity of Task 1 or the perceptual encoding difficulty was increased, increasing the processing time. The observed interference was attributed to slowed extraction of perceptual information. The observed loss was consistent with the encoded information being held in a fragile temporary store, susceptible to loss until consolidated into short-term memory. The evidence showed that the interference and the loss were independent processes.

A Study on Task-based Elementary English Speaking Classes using the Metaverse Platform ‘Gather.town’

Objectives The purpose of this study is to present a teaching plan using a metaverse that allows elementary school learners to immerse themselves in learning with interest and interest as a task-oriented activity that can provide learners with opportunities to directly use English. Accordingly, a plan for elementary English speaking class was presented using Gather.town, one of the metaverse platforms. Methods For this purpose, this study first investigated current task-based instruction models and reformulated a task performance model for elementary English classes. For the task-based class design, the task-based instruction model of Willis (1996) and Skehan (1996) was modified to fit the purpose of this study, and according to the class development, it consisted of the pre-task stage (task introduction), task performance stage (speaking practice), and post-task stage (presentation). As a task-based activity for each stage, a lesson design method using Gather.town was introduced. Results The functions of Gather.town that can be utilized in each stage were introduced, and the class development and activity methods using the functions were presented. The metaverse-using class design model presented in this study can be used in whole or in part as a class operation plan according to the judgment of the teacher, considering elementary school students' cognitive development ability, task performance, proficiency, and English level. Conclusions Through realistic speaking tasks using metaverse, learners' immersion in the task situation can be increased, and it is expected to bring positive effects in terms of learners' interest in class and usefulness in learning to speak. In addition, the educational use of metaverse is expected to provide an opportunity to increase interest in English and improve the listening and speaking skills of English, which is a target language, by practicing English in an elementary English class environment where there are few opportunities to use English directly.

INTEGRATIVE SEMANTIC MAP AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE AND SCHEMATIC BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROFESSIONALLY SIGNIFICANT ENGLISH-LANGUAGE THESAURUS OF THE THEMATIC FIELD “LAW”

The authors of the article consider integrative semantic mapping as an illustrative and schematic basis for the law students’ development of a professionally oriented English-language thesaurus of the topical field “Law”. The aim of the research is to study further development of professional and communicative English-language competence which allows ensuring the implementation of pragmatic and professional communicative tasks in simulated situations of entering into legal relationship by the students.&#x0D; Methodology. The methodological framework for the research is the cognitive and generalizing methods, such as the theoretical analysis of research works in linguodidactics, pedagogy, cognitive linguistics, and the prognostic methods. The research material was an educational and methodological complex on the discipline “Legal English”, used as part of the Bachelor’s degree program 40.03.01 “Jurisprudence”.&#x0D; Results. The paper analyzes an algorithm for the development of abilities and skills of linguo-cognitive processing of professionally significative highly legal English texts of a static nature (for intermediate and upper-intermediate students), and English-language videos of a dynamic nature of the genre “courtroom drama” (for advanced and proficient students) using integrative semantic maps. Analyzing their application features allows us to emphasize their main function, which consists in optimizing the development of information about the law enforcement and legal proceedings in English-speaking countries, necessary for the effective intercultural communication of future practitioners in various branches of law.&#x0D; Conclusion. Forming and developing the English-language thesaurus of a professional lawyer is one of important areas of modern linguodidactics. It has been proved that the optimization of this process has become possible thanks to the use of new learning technologies, in particular, integrative semantic mapping as a tool for verbalization of acquired knowledge, which allows consciously applying cognitively mastered information, competently verbalizing it in intercultural professional communication, preventing and eliminating possible communication failures.

Innovative approaches to improving the teaching of vocational disciplines

The article provides a rationale for the necessity and expediency of introducing innovations in the process of teaching vocational disciplines based on the principles of an innovative economy. The paper considers the innovative educational technologies that are the most acceptable for professionally oriented disciplines: solution of situational tasks, analysis of specific situations (cases), search method of problem learning, business games, role plays, project technologies, and students» research work.

Innovative learning - key question in teaching naval surgery

Simulation training plays an important role in the preparation of future naval surgeons. In this regard, nowadays in the department of naval surgery there is a training simulator, modernized on the model of the most modern diesel submarine. In contrast to the previous simulator it contains necessary devices for solving situational tasks with the use of telemedicine technologies. The simulator is equipped with sanitary stretchers and a tripod with medical melts. It allows to organize a military medical game with the introductory on transporting conditionally sick and injured both inside and outside the ship that improves the quality of preparing future naval surgeons.

Theoretical Aspects of the Development of an Ethical Culture of Future Medical Workers in the Process of Teaching Professional Medical Disciplines

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that, considering problems in the educational process of training students in institutions of higher medical education, researchers highlight ethical aspects, and the rules of morality of future medics. This indicates a significant role of ethical issues in the future profession of a doctor. However, the question of how the ethical culture of future doctors is formed in the process of mastering professional disciplines has not yet been described. And, since this competence is indicated in the curriculum, the issue requires separate scientific consideration. The purpose of the study is to analyse how the ethical culture of applicants for medical specialities is formed, and find effective ways to develop it. The analysis of recent papers on this issue is carried out, in particular, positions on the importance of ethical culture in the process of professional training of future nurses and doctors in various fields are considered. It is noted that there is no clear interpretation of ethical culture in the literature, but this concept is associated with rules of behaviour, ethical norms, and morality. Notably, it is difficult to monitor the mastery of ethical norms while working out professional disciplines, especially in the context of distance learning. Information technologies effectively ensure this process, namely: the use of the Moodle platform guarantees transparency and reduces the additional discomfort associated with Internet communication. To achieve these goals, the following methods were used: comparison, analysis, concretisation, generalisation of scientific literature; pedagogical observation and questionnaires; conversation, abstraction, business game, practical classes in healthcare institutions. As a result, it is noted that the development of an ethical culture for future medical professionals is an important element in the educational process, and regardless of the educational component, teachers must necessarily focus the attention of applicants for education on issues of ethical culture. The introduction of situational tasks in professional disciplines contributes to the development of ethical competence.

Ретроспектива обучения информационной безопасности в отечественных школах

The article substantiates the need for information security training in Russian schools. A review of informatics textbooks from 1985 to the present is given with a view to changing views on teaching safe work with information resources, highlighting the dominant areas that are reflected in educational materials. The place of information security in regulatory documents, in particular, in the federal state educational standards (FSES) of basic and secondary general education, is considered. It is shown what forms of information security training are in the classroom (situational tasks, role-playing and business games, watching educational animated videos) and in the extracurricular (information security olympiads, thematic classroom hours, discussion platforms, extracurricular activities, meetings with IT workers, visiting IT enterprises) activities should prevail. Specific examples of gaming tasks for teaching information security are given, which can be used in the classroom as learning tasks or in extracurricular activities as separate competitions.