Tangshan City Research Articles

Spatial-temporal variations and Attribution analysis of SO2 concentration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions from 2013 to 2022

Based on the monitoring data of air pollutants in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions from 2012 to 2022, the spatial-temporal distribution of SO2 concentration and main influencing factors were analyzed through multi-methods of Daniel trend test, KZ filtering and WRF/CMAQ model simulations. From 2013 to 2022, the annual averaged concentrations of SO2 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei regions were all in obvious downward trends, and all passed the Daniel trend test (α=0.01). The annual averaged concentration of SO2 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei regions decreased from 26.6~114.3μg·m-3 in 2013 to 3.0~11.0μg·m-3, with the decline rates fluctuating from 2.62~11.81μg/(m3·yr) while the decrease rate of SO2 in Beijing was the lowest. The average annual concentration of SO2 in Tangshan city decreased the most, reaching 92.3% and it changed to be the smallest, about 78.2% in Chengde City. The reduction of coal consumption in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions significantly reduced atmospheric SO2 emissions and directly reduced the regional average concentration of SO2. Meteorological factors were generally conducive to the diffusion of SO2 concentration during 2013~2022, and the meteorological factors contributed about 0.4~5.5% in 13 cities in Jingjinji area while the contribution of anthropogenic emission reduction was 94.5~99.6%. The inter-annual variation of meteorological factors in summer from 2013 to 2022 was not conducive to the diffusion of SO2 concentration on the whole, and the contribution changed to -52.6 ~ -1.0% in 13 cities. From June to August in summer under the easterly and southerly winds, the SO2 concentration in Beijing was basically twice that of the northerly and westerly winds. The contribution of southwest transport channel to SO2 concentration in Beijing was 33.5%, while it changed to 38.9% in the southeast transport channel. Therefore, strengthening the management and control of air pollutants in surrounding area of Beijing is helpful for Beijing to further reduce the levels of air pollutants and achieve targets of air quality improvement in the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Spatial Vitality Evaluation of the Great Wall Relics and Tourist Attractions in Hebei Province, China - Focusing on 3 Tourist Zones in Tangshan City -

Spatial Vitality Evaluation of the Great Wall Relics and Tourist Attractions in Hebei Province, China - Focusing on 3 Tourist Zones in Tangshan City -

Evolution Characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 and Their Synergistic Effects on Atmospheric Compound Pollution in Tangshan

The concentrations of atmospheric pollutants PM2.5, O3, SO2, NO2, and CO together with the meteorological factors of temperature （T）, relative humidity （RH）, wind speed, and other relevant data in Tangshan from 2015 to 2021 were collected to study the variation characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 at different periods in Tangshan City in the past seven years and their influencing factors, to discuss the contributions of air mass transport to PM2.5 and O3 pollution, and to reveal the synergistic influence mechanism of PM2.5 and O3 on atmospheric compound pollution by using correlation analysis and backward trajectory cluster analysis techniques. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations in Tangshan decreased year by year from 2015 to 2021, whereas O3 concentration showed a unimodal trend, with the peak appearing in 2017. Both PM2.5 and O3 concentrations showed obvious seasonal variation trends； PM2.5 was characterized by the highest concentration in winter and the lowest concentration in summer, whereas O3 was characterized by the highest concentration in summer and the lowest concentration in winter. In addition, the diurnal variation in PM2.5 showed a bimodal distribution, with the peak occurring during the morning and evening on weekdays, and O3 showed a unimodal distribution, with the peak value appearing during the period with strong ultraviolet radiation in the afternoon. PM2.5 had a significant positive correlation with SO2, NO2, and CO, whereas O3 had a significant positive correlation with radiation and temperature. Under the different pollution conditions, PM2.5 and O3 were affected by air mass transports from different directions. Being impacted by various factors, the synergistic effect of PM2.5 and O3 on atmospheric compound pollution showed an obvious negative effect in winter, whereas there was an obvious positive effect in spring, summer, and autumn. Under the backgrounds of different pollutions, when the concentration of PM2.5 exceeded 150 μg·m-3, the synergistic effect of PM2.5 and O3 showed an obvious negative effect.

Research on rescue priority based on high spatiotemporal resolution mobile positioning data

Estimate the key rescue areas of earthquake accurately, which is of great significance for deploying rescue forces and implementing rescue activities in post-earthquake scientifically.This paper based on the idea of first zoning, then classification, and then prioritizing rescue, taking the core area of Tangshan City as the study area, based on urban road data and mobile positioning data, combined with GIS methods to achieve street level rescue zoning, k-means clustering analysis is used to classify rescue sectors, and personnel burial model is used to conduct rescue priority classification.The results indicate that rescue priority is closely related to the time of earthquake occurrence. When the earthquake occurs between 18pm and 7pm in the next day, the number of priority rescue sector at level I and II is the highest. When the earthquake occurs between 8am and 11am on weekends, the number of priority rescue sector in residential areas increases, while the number of priority rescue zone decreases in workspace areas. This study provides refined rescue zoning and priority grading in the early stages of disaster relief with the absence of disaster information, which will help to assist in decision-making for professional force dispatch.

Temporal Refinement of Major Primary Air Pollutant Emissions Based on Electric Power Big Data: A Case of the Cement Industry in Tangshan City

Temporal Refinement of Major Primary Air Pollutant Emissions Based on Electric Power Big Data: A Case of the Cement Industry in Tangshan City

Vulnerability Assessment and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Earthquake Disaster in Hebei Province

To evaluate the vulnerability of earthquake disaster in Hebei Province and analyze the spatial pattern, the aim is to provide theoretical basis for emergency management departments to prevent and respond to disasters. This study uses the subjective and objective evaluation mechanism, through the integration of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method to determine the weight distribution of each index. The assessment model is used to assess the vulnerability of earthquake disasters, and the spatial pattern characteristics are studied by global spatial autocorrelation analysis and LISA clustering analysis.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The area with the greatest vulnerability to earthquake disaster is Shijiazhuang High-tech Zone (0.761); The lowest value is 0.243 in Qian 'an City, Tangshan City, and there are great differences among some regions. (2) The vulnerability of all counties (cities and districts) in Hebei Province has a positive correlation and aggregation with their spatial locations, and the spatial distribution is low in the whole province, high in the local area, high in the southeast and low in the northwest. (3) It is found that measures such as training health workers and expanding professional emergency management team can reduce the overall level of earthquake disaster vulnerability in Hebei Province.

Coordinated operation of PV/EV/Temperature controlled loads in distribution network

Abstract In order to solve the problems of voltage exceeding limits, local use, and reverse power flow due to the high proportion of distributed photovoltaic grid connections, a distributed photovoltaic uptake method considering demand-side resources and energy storage is proposed. Firstly, based on the equivalent thermal parameter (ETP) method, a load scheduling model for temperature-controlled loads is established. Secondly, with the objective function of minimizing the comprehensive operating cost of the distribution system, combined with the regulating effect of energy storage, stability and safety constraints for the distribution network, as well as the adjustable characteristics of thermal storage electric heating, air conditioning load, and electric vehicles, a demand side optimization model for the distribution network is established, which takes into account voltage safety and distributed photovoltaic uptake. Finally, based on historical data in Fengning County, Chengde City, and a certain park in Tangshan City, simulation analysis was conducted to obtain scheduling schemes and various scheduling indicators for the joint participation of demand-side resources and energy storage in the distributed photovoltaic local use of the distribution network under different permeability. The effectiveness and rationality of the proposed distributed photovoltaic consumption model were verified.

Analysis of the synergistic benefits of typical technologies for pollution reduction and carbon reduction in the iron and steel industry in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

With its high energy consumption and pollutant emissions, the iron and steel industry is a significant source of air pollution and carbon emissions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. To improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a series of policies involving ultra-low emission, synergistic reduction of pollution, and carbon application have been implemented in the region. This study has assessed air pollutant and CO2 emission patterns in the iron and steel industry of the region by employing co-control effects coordinate system, marginal abatement cost curve, and numerical modeling, along with the synergistic benefits of typical technologies. The results have demonstrated that: (1) the intensive production activities pertinent to iron and steel enterprises has contributed greatly to the emission in Tangshan and Handan, where the sintering process is the main source of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and CO, accounting for 64.86%, 55.15%, 29.98%, and 46.43% of the total emissions, respectively. (2) Among the typical pollution control and reduction measures, industrial restructuring and adjustment of the energy-resource structure have led to the greatest effects on emission reduction. Technologies exhibiting great potential in emission reduction and high-cost efficiency such as Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) need to be promoted. (3) In Tangshan city with the highest level of steel production, the iron and steel production activities contributed to the concentration of 30.51% of PM2.5, 50.67% of SO2, and 42.54% of NO2 during the non-heating period. During the heating period, pollutants pertinent to the combustion of fossil energy for heating have increased, while iron and steel induced emissions have decreased to 23.7%, 34.32%, and 29.13%, respectively. By 2030, it is speculated that the contribution of the iron and steel industry to air quality will be significantly decreased as result of successful implementation of ultra-low emission policies and typical synergistic reduction technologies.

An explicit approach for modeling the performance of transportation networks immediately after an earthquake

Surface transportation systems play a vital role in supporting a region’s functionalities. They are expected to remain operational before and even after a hazardous event (e.g. an earthquake). The importance is evident to estimate the post-disaster performance of traffic systems under a probability-based framework, considering the uncertainties arising from both the hazards and the transportation infrastructure fragilities. This paper proposes an explicit approach for evaluating the performance of transportation systems immediately after an earthquake event. The method estimates the spatial distribution of vehicles in the traffic network in a closed form and thus is relatively efficient compared with traditional methods (e.g. an agent-based method). The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through an application to the post-earthquake performance assessment of the traffic network in Tangshan City, China, a city that suffered catastrophically from the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake. Analytical results show that the proposed method can well reflect both the temporal and the spatial variations of the traffic flow, and thus offers rational support for predicting the post-earthquake traffic scenarios and for optimizing strategies to improve the transportation capability under emergent conditions.

Exploration of Innovation Points of Cultivating High-Quality Talents under the Background of New Engineering

Through literature analysis, questionnaire survey and field interviews, this paper statistically analyzes the professional data of six institutions containing engineering majors in Tangshan City, and then thoroughly analyzes the characteristic reform and innovation methods of four institutions, namely, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan Polytechnic College, Tangshan College and Tangshan Normal College, to explore how to cultivate high-caliber talents under the background of the new engineering discipline. The study finds that the cultivation of high-quality talents needs to highlight the following innovations: (1) Deepen the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality, strengthen the practical teaching link, and enhance the quality of talent cultivation, including professional knowledge, practical ability, and humanistic literacy, etc.; (2) "Project-based" drive students' independent innovation, including entrepreneurial plans, experimental development, and competitions, etc., to improve students' practical ability and innovation consciousness; (3) Parallel enterprise feedback to expand the boundaries of employment services, including explaining employment policies, analyzing the employment situation, teaching career choice skills and other ways. The research in this paper has certain reference significance for the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities under the background of new engineering disciplines, which is conducive to better cultivating high-quality talents in line with the needs of the society.

An urban-rural Fringe extraction method based on Combined Urban-rural Fringe Index (CUFI)

In this article, a multi-source data-based method for urban-rural fringe extraction is proposed to solve the problem of insufficiently accurate division of urban-rural fringe, which can conveniently and accurately realise the extraction of the area of urban-rural fringe. The method uses multi-source data such as night light remote sensing images, POI data and high-resolution remote sensing images. We constructed the Combined Urban-Rural Fringe Index (CUFI) model based on the characteristics of NDVI and NTL, POI kernel density value points that change from the city centre to the surrounding area. The calculation of CUFI involves three aspects. The initial step involves processing data, which includes reducing noise in nighttime light images and removing inaccurate information from POI data. The subsequent step involves calculating combined features of NTL and POI kernel density, which includes analyzing the kernel density of POI data, standardizing the results of POI kernel density and nighttime light data, computing NTL & POI indexes using the equal weight combined feature calculation method and reclassifying NTL & POI indexes .The third part involves rejecting misinformation using NDVI. This includes calculating the NDVI index using high-resolution satellite data, rejecting bare land information in the NDVI index using nighttime light data, and reclassifying the processed results. The reclassified results are then multiplied with the reclassification results of the NTL&POI index to obtain the CUFI calculation results. In order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the method, Tangshan City, Hebei Province was selected as the experimental area, and the method was used to compare and analyse the accuracy with the traditional urban built-up area boundary extraction method. The results show that compared with the traditional method, the extraction accuracy of the CUFI method is higher, reaching 89.51%, which is able to effectively identify urban villages and lakes in the urban area, as well as improving the resolution of extracting Urban-Rural Fringe using NTL& POI methods, and also the urban-rural fringe which has weak night light and fewer POI points, but actually has urban-rural duality attributes Extraction.

Positive Effect Observed on Reducing Criteria Pollutant Emissions Provided by Provisional Local Regulations during the 2022 Winter Olympics

This study examined the impact of temporary air quality control measures on reducing pollutants during the 2022 Winter Olympics in China, utilizing real-time monitoring data from 2017 and 2022 to assess spatial and temporal variations in critical air pollutant concentrations. The results showed that concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, and NO2 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region during the Olympic Games showed a marked decrease compared to the historical period, with reductions of 36.59%, 20.35%, 33.95%, 28.90%, and 22.70%, respectively. Significant north–south spatial differences were observed in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province during the Olympic period. The cities of Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Qinhuangdao, Beijing, and Tangshan showed the most significant pollution reduction. Based on assessments conducted during the Olympic period, it was noted that more than 95% of the daily average concentrations of pollutants are below the maximum values set by the World Health Organization for the interim target. Our research shows that provisional regulations effectively control the emission of air pollutants, providing a solid reference and basis for ensuring air quality during major international events.

Research on Risk Assessment Method for Land Subsidence in Tangshan Based on Vulnerability Zoning

The vulnerability zoning of the urban ground subsidence in Tangshan City was investigated in this study, taking into account factors such as the geological lithology, rainfall, population density, road network density, seismic acceleration, and river network density. The main research of this paper is slow land subsidence affecting large territories. A single-factor analysis was conducted using ArcGIS, followed by a grid-weighted overlay analysis. Values were assigned to each factor to generate a vulnerability zoning map. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and information value evaluation model were then employed to assess the ground subsidence risk. An evaluation index system was established, comprising the evaluation objective layer, criterion layer, and indicator layer. An evaluation judgment matrix for the ground subsidence risk was constructed, with the calculation of the weight and information value of each risk evaluation indicator, and the total information value of the study area. Four risk levels were determined: high, moderate, relatively low, and low. The findings demonstrate the scientific validity, rationality, and practical applicability of the vulnerability zoning research and risk assessment method for addressing the ground subsidence in Tangshan City. This study contributes to the understanding and management of the ground subsidence risk, providing a robust framework for urban planning and disaster mitigation.

Clinical study of a steel cable fixation for distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of common surgical fixation methods for Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (DTS) injuries, which include the inability to exercise early, significant surgical trauma, and the risk of loosening and breakage of implants, we have designed and implemented a new technique using steel cable fixation to treat DTS injuries. Twenty-six patients treated with steel cable fixation for DTS injury between March 2013 and March 2019 in the Second Hospital of Tangshan City trauma department were followed up to monitor the efficacy of treatment. There were 16 males and 10 females between the ages of 19 and 64, with a mean age of 41.81 ± 9.54 years. All patients were examined by X-ray and CT for 3 days before and after surgery. The patients were then reexamined by X-ray 6 and 9 weeks postoperatively, and by CT 1 year later. The treatment results were evaluated by comparing the distal tibiofibular anterior, middle, and posterior gap changes and the Baird-Jackson score. The 26 patients attained good postoperative repositioning, with a fracture healing time of 2.5 to 3 months. and the Baird-Jackson score was 96 ± 2.78. After surgery, the DTS gaps observed in the CT scans taken 3 days and 1 year postoperatively in all patients were significantly reduced compared to the preoperative measurements, with statistical significance (P < .05). However, when comparing the CT scans taken 1 year postoperatively to those at 3 days postoperatively, there was no significant change in the anterior gap. The middle and posterior gaps of DTS showed a slight increase with statistical significance (P < .05), but all measurements remained within the normal range. Steel cable fixation for DTS injury has the advantages of reliable fixation, early functional exercise, and reduction in the number of operations, and no adverse effects or complications were found.

Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Assessment of Different Biogas and Biogas Residue Operation Models

The utilization of biogas and biogas residues is an important objective of animal manure resource management. Regarding the environmental friendliness and economic suitability of utilization modes, previous studies have evaluated and compared biogas or biogas residue individually, which may lead to incomplete environmental and economic assessments. In this study, the environmental and economic aspects of six integrated biogas and digestate operation modes, i.e., biogas utilization (direct combustion, cogeneration, and purification) and biogas residue utilization (field return and composting), were analyzed via life cycle assessment (LCA) and the net present value (NPV) method, with an animal manure biogas plant in Tangshan City as the study object. The results of LCA showed that biogas cogeneration + biogas residue composting disposal was superior to other models in most environmental indicators. NPV analysis showed that direct biogas combustion + biogas residue composting was the best, breaking even in the 3rd year with a cumulative profit of 250 million CNY. With increased environmental costs and benefits, the biogas cogeneration + biogas residue composting model had the best performance in terms of efficiency ratio at 2.58; the NPV of both operating models of biogas cogeneration increased, while the NPV of the other operating models decreased about 20%.

Large-Scale Automatic Identification of Industrial Vacant Land

Many cities worldwide have large amounts of industrial vacant land (IVL) due to development and transformation, posing a growing problem. However, the large-scale identification of IVL is hindered by obstacles such as high cost, high variability, and closed-source data. Moreover, it is difficult to distinguish industrial vacant land from operational industrial land based solely upon image features. To address these issues, we propose a method for the large-scale automatic identification of IVL. The framework uses deep learning to train remote-sensing images of potential industrial vacant land to generate a semantic segmentation model and further use population density and surface temperature data to filter model predictions. The feasibility of the proposed methodology was validated through a case study in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China. The study indicates two major conclusions: (1) The proposed IVL identification framework can efficiently generate industrial vacant land mapping. (2) HRNet exhibits the highest accuracy and strongest robustness after training compared with other semantic segmentation backbone networks, ensuring high-quality performance and stability, as evidenced by a model accuracy of 97.84%. Based on the above advantages, the identification framework provides a reference method for various countries and regions to identify industrial vacant land on a large scale, which is of great significance for advancing the research and transformation of industrial vacant land worldwide.

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Protection Strategy in the Coastal Area of China: A GIS-Based DRASTIC Model Approach

Groundwater vulnerability reflects the risk level of groundwater contamination and its self-repairing ability, as well as its sustainability for use. Therefore, it provides significant scientific support for implementing measures to prevent groundwater contamination, especially in coastal areas. In this study, considering the lithology of vadose in valley plains and the extent of karst subsidence areas, a GIS-based DRASTIC model was employed to assess groundwater vulnerability in Tangshan City, a coastal area in China. The assessment results were presented and mapped using GIS, based on a comprehensive evaluation of seven parameters, including “Depth of groundwater, Vertical net recharge, Aquifer thickness, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and Hydraulic conductivity”. The identified groundwater vulnerability zones included the highest, higher, moderate, low vulnerability those four zones, which accounted for 4%, 53%, 25%, and 18%, respectively. In addition, according to the results of field investigation, the karst subsidence area and the mined-out coastal area were directly classified as the highest vulnerable areas and covered 1.463 km2; more attention is required here in subsequent groundwater protection processes and strategies. Finally, the groundwater pollution index was used to validate the groundwater vulnerability distribution results, and these two were in high agreement, with an R2 coefficient of 0.961. The study is crucial for the rational utilization and protection of water resources in Tangshan City.

A real-time NOx emission inventory from heavy-duty vehicles based on on-board diagnostics big data with acceptable quality in China

With the phase-in of China VI emission standard for heavy-duty vehicle (HDV), increasing numbers of HDVs are mandatorily equipped with on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems, providing opportunity to remote monitoring and supervision of emissions from in-use vehicles. However, the quality problem of OBD data is serious and lack of comprehensive assessment. In this study, the quality of nearly 1.6 billion OBD data from 38,692 China VI diesel HDVs travelling inside the Tangshan city of China was evaluated using a proposed framework which consists of validity indicators and signal transmission indicators. More than 24% of vehicles had overall invalidity rate over 20%, and only 0.4% of vehicles met the transmission period requirement of 1 Hz, indicating that the necessity and urgency for supervising and improving the OBD data quality. In particularly, several specific vehicle models were more prone to data quality problems, especially in the inability to determine the emission-related information. A real-time street-level NOx emission inventory was developed based on the OBD data with acceptable quality, using the direct monitoring and calculation of instantaneous emissions from each HDV. Compared to those from the top-down method which relied on gridded emissions and spatial allocation proxy schemes, the temporal and spatial characteristics of our results reflected the distribution and variations of actual freight demand in the real world. The developed real-world emission inventory will provide accurate support for the policy-making of precise control measures on HDVs.

Exploring Relationships between Spatial Pattern Change in Steel Plants and Land Cover Change in Tangshan City

It is of great significance for the sustainable development of steel cities to explore the relationship between the spatial pattern change in steel plants and land cover change during the transformation of steel cities. To address the issue of unsatisfactory results for segmenting steel plants based on high-resolution remote sensing images, due to insufficient sample datasets and task complexity, we proposed a steel plant segmentation strategy that combines high-resolution remote sensing images, POI data, and OSM data. Additionally, we discussed the effect of POI data and OSM data on steel plant segmentation, analyzing the spatial pattern change in steel plants in Tangshan City during 2017–2022 and its relationship with land cover change. The results demonstrate that: (1) The proposed strategy can significantly improve the accuracy of steel plant segmentation. The introduction of POI data can significantly improve the precision of steel plant segmentation, however, it will to some extent reduce the recall of steel plant segmentation, and this phenomenon weakens as the distance threshold increases. The introduction of OSM data can effectively improve the effectiveness of steel plant segmentation, however, it has significant limitations. (2) During 2017–2022, the spatial distribution center of steel plants in Tangshan City moved obviously to the southeast, and the positive change in steel plants was mainly concentrated in the coastal regions of southern Tangshan City, while the negative change in steel plants was mainly concentrated in central Tangshan City. (3) There is a relatively strong spatial correlation between the positive change in steel plants and the transition from vegetation to built area, as well as the transition from cropland to built area.

Crowd dynamic-based model on the city-wide emergency transfer under catastrophic earthquakes

In this paper, a modelling framework that enables the assessment on the fatality risk of earthquake-impacted urban systems, by tracking the spatiotemporal evolution of the mass post-shock transfer following catastrophic earthquakes, has been proposed. A crowd dynamic-based model has been developed and incorporated into the framework, to examine the impact of the behaviour pattern of each injured inhabitant in need of hospitalization, on the transfer behaviour on the system-level. To examine its applicability, such a framework was applied to a real-world hospital system (HS) in Tangshan City, located in one of the most earthquake-prone zones of China. The corresponding outcome reveals that a prolonged lack of access to the emergency healthcare could emerge, when it comes to seismic scenarios with high magnitude. Meanwhile, it is also found that the uninterrupted information sharing can help to maximize the access of the local HS to the injured inhabitants in a much faster way, and ultimately, to reduce the fatality risk thereof, under seismic contingencies.