Tangshan City Research Articles

Simulating urban expansion using an improved SLEUTH model

Accelerated urbanization creates challenges of water shortages, air pollution, and reductions in green space. To address these issues, methods for assessing urban expansion with the goal of achieving reasonable urban growth should be explored. In this study, an improved slope, land use, exclusion, urban, transportation, hillshade (SLEUTH) cellular automata model is developed and applied to the city of Tangshan, China, for urban expansion research. There are three modifications intended to improve SLEUTH: first, the utilization of ant colony optimization to calibrate SLEUTH to simplify the calibration procedures and improve their efficiency; second, the introduction of subregional calibration to replace calibration of the entire study area; and third, the incorporation of social and economic data to adjust the self-modification rule of SLEUTH. The first two modifications improve the calibration accuracy and efficiency compared with the original SLEUTH. The third modification fails to improve SLEUTH, and further experiments are needed. Using the improvements to the SLEUTH model, forecasts of urban growth are performed for every year up to 2020 for the city of Tangshan under two scenarios: an inertia trend scenario and a policy-adjusted scenario.

Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical State of a Coal Pillar During Longwall Mining Panel Extraction

This study presents a numerical investigation on the dynamic mechanical state of a coal pillar and the assessment of the coal bump risk during extraction using the longwall mining method. The present research indicates that there is an intact core, even when the peak pillar strength has been exceeded under uniaxial compression. This central portion of the coal pillar plays a significant role in its loading capacity. In this study, the intact core of the coal pillar is defined as an elastic core. Based on the geological conditions of a typical longwall panel from the Tangshan coal mine in the City of Tangshan, China, a numerical fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D) model was created to understand the relationship between the volume of the elastic core in a coal pillar and the vertical stress, which is considered to be an important precursor to the development of a coal bump. The numerical results suggest that, the wider the coal pillar, the greater the volume of the elastic core. Therefore, a coal pillar with large width may form a large elastic core as the panel is mined, and the vertical stress is expected to be greater in magnitude. Because of the high stresses and the associated stored elastic energy, the risk of coal bumps in a coal pillar with large width is greater than for a coal pillar with small width. The results of the model also predict that the peak abutment stress occurs near the intersection between the mining face and the roadways at a distance of 7.5 m from the mining face. It is revealed that the bump-prone zones around the longwall panel are within 7–10 m ahead of the mining face and near the edge of the roadway during panel extraction.

Research on Regional Dividing Technology for Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreads Based on MAPGIS

A simplified empirical statistical regression method for liquefaction-induced lateral spreads is stated in this paper. It is used to determine the corresponding calculation parameters for Tangshan city and its south region where 36 borehole data were collected. Using two multiple linear regression formulas, the free face model and the ground slope model are developed to calculate the lateral spread at each filed survey point in the region. The liquefaction-induced lateral spreads map was divided into hazard zones according to the calculated horizontal displacement at each borehole based on MAPGIS.

Roaming earthquakes in China highlight midcontinental hazards

Before dawn on 28 July 1976, a magnitude (M) 7.8 earthquake struck Tangshan, a Chinese industrial city only 150 kilometers from Beijing (Figure 1a). In a brief moment, the earthquake destroyed the entire city and killed more than 242,000 people [Chen et al., 1988]. More than 30 years have passed, and upon the ruins a new Tangshan city has been built. However, the memory of devastation remains fresh. For this reason, a sequence of recent small earthquakes in the Tangshan region, including an M 4.8 event on 28 May and an M 4.0 event on 18 June 2012, has caused widespread concerns and heated debate in China. In the science community, the debate is whether the recent Tangshan earthquakes are the aftershocks of the 1976 earthquake despite the long gap in time since the main shock or harbingers of a new period of active seismicity in Tangshan and the rest of North China, where seismic activity seems to fluctuate between highs and lows over periods of a few decades [Ma, 1989].

To Protect, Inherit, and Develop the Excellent Traditional Culture from the Perspective of Low Carbon Economy

“Low carbon economy” has become the main trend of the development of international economy, the adjustment and upgrade of industrial structure necessarily calls for the development of cultural industry. Excellent traditional culture is a distinctive mark of city. It is very important to continue the historical context, to culture the cultural spirit, to promote the prosperity development, and to improve the comprehensive competitiveness to protect, inherit, and develop excellent traditional culture. This paper takes Tangshan City as the research object. From the perspective of "low carbon economy", it has investigated the development of Tangshan City’s excellent traditional culture and analyzed the existing problems. In the end, it has put forward the countermeasures to protect, inherit, and develop the excellent traditional culture.

Evaluation on Tangshan City Science and Technology Innovation System

Based on the Tangshan scientific innovation system construction's realistic situation, profits from the domestic and foreign region innovation theory, analyzed Tangshan scientific innovation system current construction environment and the resources characteristic, has constructed the evaluating indicator system, has carried on the empirical analysis based on the indicator system using the principal components law to the Tangshan scientific innovation system construction condition, proposed in the Tangshan scientific innovation system construction exists question as well as optimized countermeasure suggestion..

Analysis of Tourist Site Level of Tangshan City based on Rough Set Pair

Analysis of Tourist Site Level of Tangshan City based on Rough Set Pair

Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel in Industrial Atmosphere of Tangshan City

With the deterioration of atmosphere pollution, the polluted atmosphere makes a great impact to steel materials. The corrosion behavior of Q235 in industrial atmosphere is investigated by weightlessness curve analysis, SEM analysis and IR analysis. The experimental results indicate that, the corrosion process of Q235 steel can be divided into three stages with the variation of the industrial atmosphere. And the sulphate ions derived from the sulfur dioxide make an important role in the steel corrosion.

Choice and Application of Governance Mode of Mining Subsidence Areas in Cities

Abstract. This paper, taking Tangshan City as an example, through analysis of the ecosystem’s carrying capacity before governance, elaborates the necessity of mining subsidence control, studies three different management modes, analyses the feasibility of global ecological management mode, and, from different views, evaluates their treatment effects.

Assessment and mitigation of coal bump risk during extraction of an island longwall panel

Abstract This study presents an integrated approach for field tests and numerical investigations to assess the risk of coal bumps. This approach produces a stress-relief technology using boreholes to mitigate risk during the extraction of an island longwall panel. The field tests were conducted in an island longwall panel in the Tangshan coal mine in the city of Tangshan, China. In these tests, roadway roof displacement and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of roadways in the panel were investigated to determine the zones of intensive roof deformation. A numerical model FLAC 3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions) was established to understand the results of the field tests and to map the zones in the panel with a high risk for coal bumps. The results of the field tests and the numerical modeling show that the roof deformation starts to occur at more than 30 m ahead of the longwall face and the deformation starts to accelerate after a distance of 10 m in front of the longwall face. Large and rapid roof deformation is considered to be an important precursor of coal bump occurrence during the extraction of an island longwall panel. Based on these results, a stress-relief technology using boreholes was investigated through numerical methods. The modeled results suggest that the abutment stress could be released by drilling boreholes in the zones prone to coal bumps. The effectiveness of the stress release increased with the borehole length and decreased with the borehole spacing.

A Building System Called RC Grid Framed-Tube with Gypsum Wall

A new building system, which is called concrete grid framed tube with gypsum wall, is introduced in this paper. On the basis of an actual office building in Tang Shan city using this new system, the mechanical characteristics, economy and technology target are studied. The result indicates that: this new building system has good seismic behavior and high economic benefit and it is worth further study and further application.

Temporal and Spatial Evaluation of Regional Ecosystem Service Value - A Case of Fengnan District in Tangshan City

The differences of the regional ecosystem service value (ESV) in time and space are an important symbol to reflect the health of the ecosystem. Based on the theory and method of ESV, take Fengnan district as an example, and the paper analyzes the change of ESV from 1998 to 2009, evaluates the temporal and spatial differences among the 15 towns, and compares the relationship between ESV change and economic development. The results are the ESV of Fengnan is in a declining trend during the period. According to the ESV variation of the towns, Fengnan district is divided into four zones: value-added area, low consumption area, middle consumption area, high consumption area. The economic development has a great negative impact to the ESV in Fengnan. In order to protect the coordinated development of economy and ecosystem, some proper measures should be carried out, such as transforming the economic development mode, using land resources intensively, protecting and restoring the ecological areas.

Long-term liquor intake is an independent risk factor of incident hypertension in men in north china: a population-based cohort study

BackgroundHeavy alcohol intake increases the risk of incident hypertension, but the relationship between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and incident hypertension remains controversial. Liquor is very popular among men in north china....

Late-Quaternary strong earthquakes on the seismogenic fault of the 1976 M s7.8 Tangshan earthquake, Hebei, as revealed by drilling and trenching

Composite borehole profiling combined with trenching is an effective way to acquire evidence of past ruptures of buried active faults. In this study, three composite borehole profiles and a large-scale trench excavation were carried out across the surface rupture zone of the 1976 M s7.8 Tangshan earthquake. The following three major conclusions have been reached. (1) The surface rupture zone of the 1976 earthquake extends more than 47 km long to the south of Tangshan city, passing to the west of Sunjialou, to Daodi town in Fengnan County, to Xihe in Fengnan County. (2) The surface rupture zone is divided into south and north branches. The north branch has mainly right-lateral strike-slip motion, and the vertical displacement of the surface is up on the west and down on the east. On the other hand, the vertical displacement of the south branch is up on the east and down on the west, accompanied by some right-lateral slip. Such a faulting style cannot be explained by the movement of a single normal or reverse fault, but is consistent with the vertical displacement field induced by the right-lateral strike-slip of the fault belt. The drilling and trenching data from this study verify that such activity continued through the Late Quaternary on the Tangshan Fault. (3) The fault planes exhumed by trenching and the dislocations of strata revealed by the boreholes indicate that multiple faulting events occurred on the Tangshan Fault in the Late Quaternary. The timing of three ruptures prior to the 1976 earthquake was 7.61–8.13, >14.57, and 24.21–26.57 ka BP. Counting the earthquake of 1976, the recurrence interval of the four strong events is about 6.7 to 10.8 ka. On one of the three borehole profiles, the Niumaku profile, nine faulting events were detected since 75.18 ka BP with an average interval of 8.4 ka. In addition, this paper also discusses the difference between the Late Quaternary sedimentary environments to the north and south of Tangshan city based on stratum dating.

Empirical study on effect of industrial structure change on regional economic growth of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region

Based on the data of gross domestic product (GDP), industrial added value and the proportion of industrial employees from 2000 to 2008, this paper studies the effect of industrial structure change on the regional economic growth of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region in China using the shift-share method. The results show that: 1) In the 21st century, the industrial output of three industries, namely, primary, secondary, and tertiary, and the GDP grew rapidly in the study period. The tertiary industry grew the fastest; it had the largest contribution to the GDP and meanwhile had become the most competitive industry in the metropolitan region. 2) The development of cities within the region was not balanced. Firstly, compared with Tianjin, Beijing, as one of the two core cities, was more rational in the industrial structure. Secondly, the surrounding eight cities, which are Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Langfang, Baoding, Cangzhou, Zhangjiakou, and Chengde, were all uncompetitive than the two core cities. 3) There was a great industrial gradient in the region (especially between the two core cities and the cities of Tangshan, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Cangzhou, and Langfang). As a result, it is foreseeable that the industry transfer in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region will be one of the trends in regional development, and the industry transfer is inevitably to promote the regional integration.

Analysis on Common Quality Problem during Prefabrication of Reinforced Concrete Shaft Lining in Vertical Shaft of Mine

Reinforced concrete shaft lining were prefabricated on the ground at one vertical shaft engineering in Tangshan city,and the strength grade of concrete is up to C60. Take this vertical shaft engineering as the example,some problems may be encountered in the process of production of reinforced concrete shaft lining has been discussed.Furthmore, it also puts forward methods to solve the problems available for prefabrication of shaft lining in the future.

Simulating dynamic urban expansion at regional scale in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area

Dynamic urban expansion simulation at regional scale is one of the important research methodologies in Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) and global environmental change influenced by urbanization. However, previous studies indicate that the single urban expansion simulation for future scenarios at local scale cannot meet the requirements for characterizing and interpreting the interactive mechanisms of regional urbanization and global environmental change. This study constructed a regional Dynamic Urban Expansion Model (Reg-DUEM) suitable for different scenarios by integrating the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Cellular Automaton (CA) model. Firstly we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of urban expansion and acquired a prior knowledge rules using land use/cover change datasets of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan area. The future urban expansion under different scenarios is then simulated based on a baseline model, economic models, policy models and the structural adjustment model. The results indicate that Reg-DUEM has good reliability for a non-linear expansion simulation at regional scale influenced by macro-policies. The simulating results show that future urban expansion patterns from different scenarios of the metropolitan area have the tremendous spatio-temporal differences. Future urban expansion will shift quickly from Beijing metropolis to the periphery of Tianjin and Tangshan city along coastal belt.

The Comparative Study of Workplace Violence in Both the State-Owned Hospitals and Private Hospitals

To understand the prevalence of workplace violence of the state-owned hospitals and private hospitals and to compare the characteristics of them in Tangshan city. Cluster sampling method were used to investigate the three state-owned hospitals and five private hospitals， medical staff who suffer violence in the workplace from April 2008 to April 2009 in Tangshan city. The incidence rate of workplace violence in state-owned hospitals(62.98%) was higher than private hospitals（13.55％）. The type of the violence is mainly psychological violence both in state-owned hospitals and private hospitals. And state-owned hospitals’ incidence of psychological violence (46.48％) was higher than private hospitals（13.55％）. Both state-owned hospitals and private hospitals， the violence mainly occurred during daytime hours. Violence of state-owned hospital most occurred in wards（47.92%）， while private hospitals most occurred in medical rooms（32.35%）. The most important reasons for workplace violence in State-owned hospitals and private hospitals were the perpetrators of alcohol (42.81%) and patients without improvement or self-opinion that there is no improvement（57.35％）, respectively. Private Hospitals’ incidence of workplace violence is lower than the state-owned hospitals’ in Tangshan city， According to the characteristics of various hospitals， we should implement interventions to reduce the incidence of violence in the hospital.

Characteristics of air pollution by polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the typical industrial areas of Tangshan City, China

The ambient air in vicinity of different industrial sources for PCDD/PCDFs was sampled by TSP/PM 10 active samplers and passive PUF disk samplers in Tangshan City, a metropolis containing clusters of various industrial plants. The ΣTEQ concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs ranged from 44.2 to 394.1 fg I-TEQ/m 3 with an average of 169.9 fg I-TEQ/m 3. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant contributor to (TEQ, contributing 41% (12% to 55%), while 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDD and OCDF were the major congeners for the total concentrations. The ratios of Σ(PCDF/Σ(PCDD reached 2.54 on average, suggesting that de novo synthesis in thermal processes played an important role to the airborne pollution of PCDD/PCDFs. The similarities congener profiles indicated that TSP and PM 10 active sampling methods are comparable for the determination of the PCDD/PCDFs in ambient air, and the ratios of concentrations determined by the two methods suggested that the PCDD/PCDFs tended to stay in fine particles. It was found that 2,3,7,8-TCDF and OCDD were the dominating congeners in the passive PUF disks samples. Through principal components analysis, the coke industry was suggested to be a relatively high potential emission source for PCDD/PCDFs in the ambient air of Tangshan, which was possibly formed by de novo synthesis mechanism. In this study, the atmospheric impacts to the environment from different industrial sources could be ranked as follows (from high to low): coking, iron sintering, steel making, power generation and chlorinate alkali chemical production industries.

Multi-Objective Decision Making for Land Use Planning with Ordered Weighted Averaging Method

Multi-objective decision making is common in environmental engineering management. A compromise solution to the multi-objective problems under conditions of conflicting objectives with GIS-based Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method is investigated. In some instances, decisions may be based on a single criterion, but commonly several criteria are required to define the decision set. Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) is a relatively new Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method. In GIS-based OWA method, both criteria weights and order weights are considered. Calculation method of order weights based on Orness, and construction method of comparison matrix for criteria weights based on analytical hierarchy program (AHP), are introduced; Multi-objective decision making of this method is investigated. As an example, GIS-based OWA method is applied to Tangshan City, and some advice is proposed for engineering design.