Tadulako University Research Articles

Keragaman Tumbuhan Invasif di Kawasan Universitas Tadulako, Sulawesi Tengah


 
 
 
 Plant invasive species be attention in the world cause quite dangerous for the environment and of sorts of crops cannot compete with plants invasive. The aim of this study is to inventory invasive plants at Tadulako University. The Methods use exploration techniques to explore every area in the research sites. The results are 52 species into 23 families. Poaceae most found in every site with 9 species such as Cenchrus brownii, Chloris barbata, Chloris gayana, Dactylotenium aegyptum, Digitaria bicornis, Digitaria longiflora, Eleusene indica, Eragrotis tenela, Melenis repens. Invasive plant in Tadulako University still not be harmful for environment.
 
 
 
 

THE INCREMENT OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF MANGOSTEEN THROUGH FERTILIZATION

Indonesia's mangosteen exports to several Asian countries, Europe, and the Middle East have increased yearly, especially during the Covid19 pandemic. However, efforts to improve domestic mangosteen cultivation technology are inadequate. The research materials used include 45 mangosteen trees accessed by Donggala and Sigi already producing (age + 20 years) and Urea, TSP, and KCL fertilizer. The tools used are meters, plastic labels, calipers, digital scales, Smartphones, and GPS Garmin 64 Sc. Using a RandomIzed Group Design (RAK), one factor, namely fertilization, consists of three levels of treatment in each District. The observation results were analyzed using ANOVA, and if there was a significant influence, it was continued with the BNJ analysis. The results showed that fertilization treatment using BALITBU TROPIKA Solok and analysis results from the Soil Science Laboratory Unit of the Agriculture Faculty University of Tadulako increased plant height and triangular area stamina by 100 to 300 percent compared to without fertilization. There was an increase in plant height and triangular stamina area by 100 to 300 percent compared to without fertilization. There was an increase in plant height and triangular area stamina by 100 to 300 percent compared to without fertilization. There was an increase in production of fruit height from 155 to 394 percent, fruit/seed locul number from 101 to 106 percent, fruit production per tree from 175 to 178 percent, and fruit diameter from 119 to 137 percent.

Effect of Jackfruit Leaf Extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus) on Sitophilus oryzae Mortality and Rice Quality.

Sitophilus oryzae is an insect pest known for its destructive impact on rice crops. Chemical pesticides continue to be employed for the prevention of Sitophilus oryzae. The aforementioned phenomenon exerts adverse effects, notably in the form of human intoxication. Hence, one alternate approach to address the issue involves utilizing a preparation derived from the leaves of the jackfruit tree. The leaves of the jackfruit tree are known to possess many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which have insecticidal properties. Hence, the objectives of this study are to investigate the impact of jackfruit leaf extract on the mortality rate of rice insects and to evaluate the quality of rice. The study was carried out in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training at the Tadulako University. The study employed a research strategy known as a completely randomized design (CRD), which included five treatments. Each treatment was repeated in four biological and ten technical replicates. The treatments were as follows: treatment A served as the control and involved the use of Bestrin forte, treatment B involved the application of a 10% jackfruit leaf extract, treatment C involved the application of a 20% jackfruit leaf extract, treatment D involved the application of a 30% jackfruit leaf extract, and treatment E involved the application of a 40% jackfruit leaf extract. Every treatment was administered through spraying to all ten insects and that was repeated four times. The data collected were subjected to analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and supported by the SPSS-25 software. The findings of the study indicated that the application of jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus) at specific time intervals (20th, 40th, and 60th minutes) resulted in a noteworthy impact on the death rate of rice beetles. Furthermore, the extracts successfully preserved the olfactory attributes of the rice, ensuring its quality. Nevertheless, their ability to uphold the standard of the rice in relation to its color and flavor was inadequate. The efficacy of the jackfruit leaf extract in eradicating rice bugs was found to be highest when applied at a concentration of 40%.

DAFTAR PERIKSA KUMBANG SUBFAMILI LAMIINAE (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) DI SULAWESI: BAGIAN I, GUNUNG TAMBUSISI

This study aims to provide data on the beetle species of the Subfamily Lamiinae (Cerambycidae) on Mount Tambusisi, Central Sulawesi. Sample collection was carried out from June to July 2022 on Mount Tambusisi in cocoa plantation, agroforestry, secondary forest and primary forest. Sample identification was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Biosystematics and Evolution, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University. Specimens were preserved dry according to museum standards and kept at the Laboratory of Animal Biosystematics and Evolution, Department of Biology, Tadulako University and at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense-MZB (PRBE-BRIN) Cibinong. Specimen are described based on morphological characteristics. A total of 17 species of beetles from the Lamiinae subfamily were collected from Mount Tambusisi such as Acalolepta rusticatrix, A. mattuladaii, A. celebensis, Sternohammus celebensis submaculatus, Granulorsidis sp., Pelargoderus alcanor thomsoni, Epepeotes lugubris, E. plorator celebensis, Olenecamptus bilobus, Trachelophora sp., Gnoma pulverea, Sybra cf. alternans, S. aequabilis. The five morphospecies that have not been identified down to the species level. Several species of cerambycid beetles with a wide distribution in the Oriental region, the Malay Archipelago to Indo-Australia such as Acalolepta rusticatrix, Olenecamptus bilobus, and Pterolophia melanura. While the other 9 species are endemic to Sulawesi.

Organs formation on Jabon trees (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) by in-vitro: treatment of various iba-kinetin combination

The objective of this study aimed to determine the concentration of the combination Indolebutiric acid (IBA) - Kinetin suitable for the formation of roots of the Jabon plant (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) in vitro. This research is a follow-up study of the initiation and propagation of in vitro shoots of Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil). The study was conducted at the Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Tadulako from February 2018 to August 2018. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with the addition of IBA and Kinetin to Murashige and Skoog basic medium in various concentrations as treatments. Five concentration levels of combinations of IBA + Kinetin were studied, namely: H1(0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm Kinetin), H2 (0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm Kinetin), H3 (1.0 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin), H4 (1.5 ppm IBA + 0.3 ppm Kinetin), H5 (2 ppm IBA + 0.1 ppm Kinetin). The experimental results showed that the combination of 1 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin concentration could promote the formation of Anthocephalus cadamba roots the best compared to other treatments. Treatment of 0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm kinetin and treatment of 0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm kinetin did not respond to root formation, but encouraged the formation of the best shoots of Anthocephalus cadamba.

Farmer preference for marginal land use and their impact on soil quality

Changes in forest land use into dry lands have become a concern of the global community because of environmental damage. The research objectives were to determine land use priority for agricultural development and its impact on soil quality. The research was conducted in Baras District, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. The socio-economic survey was conducted using a focus group discussion technique. Stratified soil surveys were carried out on priority land uses. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of soil was carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako. Support for the development of farmer institutions, ease of product marketing, financial benefits for farming, and the availability of quality seeds are the dominant factors influencing people’s preference for the priority of developing oil palm farming. Respectively, Soil quality indexes in oil palm blocks aged 3 years, 6 years, and 24 years were 0.5584 (moderate), 0.3072 (slightly poor), and 0.4362 (moderate). Soil quality decreased early in plant growth up to 6 years of age, but improved with effective soil organic carbon management up to 24 years of age.

Resistance testing of several genotypes of Kamba Local Paddy (Oryzae sativa L.) to leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

One of the important diseases of paddy plants is bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Kamba is one of the local paddy plants in Central Sulawesi’s germplasm collection that is superior in origin from the Lore (Bada, Napu and Lindu). Until now, no scientific testing has been conducted on the resistance of local kamba paddy to leaf blight. This study aims to compare the level of resistance of several kamba paddy genotypes to leaf blight caused by the bacterium Xoo This research was conducted at the Disease Laboratory and Plant Pests and Diseases Gauze House, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Stages of research implementation include propagation of Xoo, Preparation of test plants, and Transmission of Xoo. Observation variables include symptoms on plants, incubation period, disease severity and level of resistance to Xoo. The results showed that Paddy cultivars Kamba Bulili Kasar and Kamba Bulili Halus showed resistance reactions to Bacterial Leaf Blight (HDB) caused by Xoo bacteria. Both paddy cultivars also showed a disease incubation period of 6 days, longer than the susceptible comparison varieties.

Catfish population and organic media composition affect rice growth and yield in aquaculture-hydroponic systems

Aquaculture and hydroponic systems have been integrated using a variety of designs using fish and plants. Aquaculture and hydroponics are combined with proper management of the plant nutrients using closed and recirculating systems. Catfish and paddy rice are both widely grown by farmers in Indonesia. Aquaculture-hydroponic systems integration with padi rice and catfish is rarely based on research, though. This study was conducted in the fish pond at Tadulako University’s Agriculture Faculty. The split-plot method was used to carry out an experimental design with two (two) components. The catfish population density is the first key plot element, with K0 (without catfish), K1, K2, and K3 (450 population/pond) corresponding to 150, 300, and 450, respectively, catfish per pond. The second sub-plot component is the organic media composition ratio of rice husk charcoal to compost (M1:1, M2:2, and M3:1). The findings demonstrated that as catfish populations and organic compost media (K3M3) were increased, rice growth and yield rose linearly. An integrated farming system could use the integration of a catfish aquaculture system and a hydroponic rice system.

Preface

It is with great honor; we present the proceeding of The 3rd International Conference on Environmental Ecology of Food Security (ICEFS) 2023, which was organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, and held in Swissbel Hotel Palu, February 14-15, 2023. The proceeding of the previous conferences in this series has been published in the IOP conference series: Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES).The proceeding of the 3rd IC-ICEFS consists of 153 papers that are ready to be published in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science across six main scopes; (i) Agriculture production, (ii) Agricultural socio-economics, (iii) Climate change mitigation and policy, (iv) Innovation and precision farming (v) Ecosystem function and services and (vi) Food processing, safety and diversification. In addition to the excellent paper presentations at the conference, the conference also featured five keynote speakers with expertise in the field of the conference’s subjects. Please allow us to take this opportunity to thank the keynote speakers from various countries and presenters from various affiliations.I would like to express our deepest gratitude to all committees for this conference’s success and smooth running. Last but not least, a warm thank you to all academics, researchers, and observers of Faculties of Agriculture, Science, Animal Husbandry, and Forestry for their participation in submitting their article in the IOP proceedings series EES 2023. I sincerely look forward to all the contributions that will benefit and promote the development of a sustainable agricultural innovation sector toward achieving the SDGs and dealing with the triple planetary issues.Warm Regards,Prof. Dr. Ir. Abd. Rahim, STP., MP., IPM., ASEAN Eng.Conference Chairman Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako UniversityList of Conference Committees, Documentation Conference Opening Season are available in this pdf.

Pesticides affecting the diversity of pollinator insects in cocoa plantations (Theobroma cacao L.)

Pollinating insects play a significant role in the pollination process of cocoa flowers because unpollinated cocoa flowers will fall within 24 hours and fail to develop into fruit and seeds; on the other hand, the presence of pollinators in cacao plants is influenced by cultivation techniques such as the use of pesticides to against pest and disease attacks. This study aims to determine the diversity of pollinating insects in cacao plantations with and without pesticides. The study included field research on cocoa plantations in Rahmat Village, Palolo Sub-district, Sigi Regency. Insect identification was carried out at the Plant Pests and Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Sampling was carried out in 3 plots measuring 40×40 m² with treatments: application of Chlormite 505 EC insecticide at a dose of 20ml/15L water, Lamda Cyhalothrin 247 ZC insecticide at an amount of 10ml/15L water, and control. In each plot, ten trees were selected for observation. Insect pollinators and flower visitors were collected using yellow pant traps and direct observation. The results of this study found six species of pollinator insects, namely Forcipomyia sp. and Bactrocera sp. from the order Diptera, Lasius niger, Solenopsis invica, and Vespidae from the order Hymenoptera, and Melantis sp. from the order Lepidoptera. Insecticide application affects pollinating insect diversity.

Testing of sprouting, genetic diversity and heritability of some local gogo rice cultivers

Seeds are the beginning of plant life; for this reason, using quality seeds and having superior genetic traits are needed to support the growth and development of plants to be better and provide maximum production. This study aims to obtain local upland rice cultivars with quality seeds and quality with the best germination and traits with superior genetics. This study was carried out at tadulako university’s faculty of agriculture’s seed science and technology laboratory. The research was conducted from November 2018 to December 2019 utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), using seven cultivars—pulu tau leru, pulu konta, delima, buncaili, jahara, uva buya, and pae bohe—as treatments. Each treatment was repeated four times. The parameters observed were maximum growth potential, germination capacity, germination time, and dry weight of sprouts. The results showed that the uva buya cultivar had the best germination because it produced the maximum growth potential (100.00%) and the best germination (99.50%), and the faster germination time (2.03 days). The dry weight of sprouts is a trait that has good genetic character because it has a high heritability value (91.28%).

The influence of glycerol level for freezing medium on the quality of ram semen

Research on the use of glycerol levels as a cryoprotectant in the semen freezing process of Palu ram has been carried out at the Reproduction Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University. The purpose of this study was to determine the best level of glycerol to maintain the quality of spermatozoa after thawing. This study used semen from 2.5 years old rams. The semen collection process was carried out two times a week. The treatments in this study were glycerol levels of 4%, 6% and 8% for P1, P2 and P3 respectively. The data was analyzed using analysis variance, the differences between treatments was analyzed by multiple range test Duncan. Based on the results of the study showed that the addition of glycerol at a level of 6% was able to maintain the best spermatozoa motility (45.42%) followed by a level of 9% (41.14 %) and a level of 3% (40.29). As a conclusion, that the level of glycerol significantly effected on motility, viability and abnormality.

Antifeedant and toxicity effect of citronella essential oil against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith larvae

The Spodoptera frugiperda, often known as the Fall armyworm (FAW), is a new invasive pest that poses a danger to Indonesia’s ability to grow maize. It is advised to use botanical insecticides to control this pest because they are safe for the environment. The purpose of this study is to assess the toxicity of Cymbopogon nardus, also known as citronella essential oil (CEO), and how well it inhibits eating in FAW larvae. At the Plant Protection Laboratory of Tadulako University, the CEO was evaluated on third-instar FAW larvae at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% effect and control. The choice approach was used to test the feeding inhibition. Larval mortality was evaluated at 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours following treatment, and its toxicity was assessed using a probit analysis. Additionally, the morphology and growth of the larvae up until they become pupae were observed. The increased larval mortality and decrease in larval survival till pupae with increase in CEO concentration suggested that CEO had modest antifeedant activity but substantial toxicity to FAW larvae. According to this study, citronella oil has a strong larvicidal impact and may be used as a natural insecticide to suppress FAW.

Vitamin C Enrichment in the Gold Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) Silage: Effects on Biomass and Reproduction Artemia sp. Labolatory Scale

Giving vitamin C to feed is very necessary considering that vitamin C is a multivitamin needed by the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the proper dose of vitamin C in the golden snail silage feed in increasing the biomass and reproduction of Artemia sp. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Water Quality and Aquatic Biology, Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University. The variables observed were population density, egg/cyst production, hatching rate, survival rate (SR), water quality. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications with 20 experimental units A: control , B: vitamin C 12 mg/L, C: vitamin C 18 mg/L, D: vitamin C 24 mg/L, E: vitamin C 30 mg/L. The results showed that vitamin C enrichment with a concentration of 24 mg/L had a very significant effect (p<0.05) on each variable. Improper concentration of vitamin C in feed enrichment can affect the survival of Artemia sp.

Identification of Land Fertility and Farmers' Income After Earthquake Natural Disasters

Central Sulawesi's 2018 earthquake, liquefaction, and tsunami caused liquefaction in Palu City's Balaroa and Petobo neighbourhoods. Land surface changes affected agricultural land area and soil fertility, which can affect farmers' income. Soil fertility indicates its nutrient-providing capacity. This study aims to assess agricultural land fertility, farmer income, and the best ways to recover from natural disasters. This descriptive study included all Petobo farmers affected by the earthquake and liquefaction. Purposive sampling tested 25 respondents. The field survey collected soil samples at coordinate points. Twelve soil samples were taken from six points at 20 cm and 40 cm depths. The samples were analysed at Tadulako University's Environmental and Natural Resources Analysis Laboratory. The results showed that Petobo Village's liquefaction-affected and unaffected areas had low fertility due to low C-organic and Potassium content, which prevented plants from using soil nutrients. Low soil fertility reduces crop production. Farmers earn an average of Rp. 1,422,857 per hectare, up to Rp. 4,633,929 per season per hectare. To increase soil fertility, farmers can use compost, manure, crop residues like legume plant stover, rice straw, and chemical fertilisers according to dosage.

Reading Comprehension and Literary Appreciation: an Analysis of Students Difficulties

Abstract. This research aims to analyze difficulties encountered by students of the English Education study program at Tadulako University in reading comprehension of literary works. A qualitative approach with a descriptive research design applied in this research. The samples were 98 students chosen randomly. Data were collected from existing documents, that is the results of pretest administered in the Reading for Literary Appreciation class. Results of data analysis showed that the students’ reading comprehension of the three genres of literary works – prose, poetry, and drama is low with percentage intervals of comprehension 18-37%. Eight difficulties encountered by the students in reading comprehension of literary works. They were vocabulary mastery, making inferences, recognizing the author’s opinion/bias, summarizing and paraphrasing, identifying figurative language, analyzing poetic or sound devices, evaluating author’s style, and analyzing the story elements. The findings provide information on students’ difficulties in reading comprehension of a variety of literary texts (prose, poetry and drama), which previous research have not yet investigated it. Therefore, teachers can design and apply strategies to help students improve their reading comprehension. Future researchers, furthermore, can find these findings resourceful to support their studies. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Literary Works, Reading for Literary Appreciation

Determinan tingkat penggunaan aplikasi non tunai

Changes in the payment system are developing more rapidly following technological developments, this has caused a change in lifestyle in the behavior of students who used to transact using cash now being replaced by electronic money (e-money). There are several conveniences enjoyed by Tadulako University accounting students as a cashless society, the first of which is more efficient and saves time. As a student, you often don't have much time to eat in the canteen because of the demands of assignments or other academic matters. Waiting for the payment queue is sometimes very time-consuming. With payments using QRIS, it is enough to make payments via scan with the non-cash payment application and enter the nominal payment, the payment will be automatically received by the seller. This research examine the determinant (Lifestyle, Income, and Consumptive Behavior) affecting the level of use of non-cash applications on Tadulako University accounting students. This study's population consisted of all currently enrolled Accounting students—a total of 1,026 students—with a sample size of 293 respondents. The classical assumption is tested first, and the analysis technique employs the Multiple Regression analysis method. Lifestyle has a positive and significant effect, income has a positive and significant effect, and consumption behavior has a positive and significant effect, according to the analysis in this study.

Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Index in the Educational Infrastructure Reconstruction Project at the University of Tadulako, Palu City, Central Sulawesi

On September 28, 2018, The Palu-Koro fault triggered an earthquake of Mw 7.5. at a depth of 20 km and 72 km northeast of Palu City. As a result, the University of Tadulako suffered significant damage post this earthquake. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing was assigned to reconstruct this location, which was located near the epicentre, and there are alluvium deposits of the Holocene age with loose sand soil and shallow groundwater levels on-site. Based on the Indonesian Seismic Code SNI 1726:2019, it is necessary to propose liquefaction potential and mitigation for building planning. The study aims to calculate the Safety Factor (S.F.) against liquefaction using a simplified procedure by Seed-Idriss and developed methods by Idriss-Boulanger. The S.F. was used as an input to determine the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) by Iwasaki et al. The study showed different categories of LPI values. The highest LPI value was found at BH-05, with a very high liquefaction potential. The soil depths susceptible to liquefaction are up to 9 meters. Application of deep foundation penetrating liquefiable soil layer is recommended as the mitigation. It is necessary to conduct further studies on the deep foundation analysis to be applied to this location.

The effectiveness of coconut coir liquid smoke as a natural insecticide on the mortality of Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako, Palu, from Juli 2022 to November 2022. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of 5 treatments that were repeated 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. The treatments were K1 = (control), K2 = liquid coconut coir smoke concentration of 2.5 ml/L, K3 = liquid coconut coir smoke concentration of 5 ml/L, K4 = liquid coconut coir smoke concentration of 7.5 ml/L, and K5 = coconut coir liquid smoke concentration of 10 ml/L. Observations included mortality and speed of death of Spodoptera exigua. The results showed that the concentration of coconut coir liquid smoke treatment had a significant effect on the mortality and speed of death of S. exigua. The K5 treatment (10% concentration) gave higher mortality and death rates, namely 65% and 3.77 respectively.

Analisis Kinerja Seismik Gedung dengan Pushover Analysis (Studi Kasus: Gedung Perkantoran Tiga Tingkat yang Runtuh Akibat Gempa Palu 2018)

Indonesia is an earthquake-prone country. The 2018 earthquake in Palu, Sulawesi, caused significant damage or collapse of the buildings. This research is aimed to evaluate the seismic performance of a three-story office building at Tadulako University and to evaluate what caused the collapse of the building. Evaluation of seismic performance was conducted using the default plastic hinge in SAP2000. The analysis results showed that the plastic hinge occurred first at the end of the beam, followed by the plastic hinge at the end of the column. The performance point from the intersection of the capacity curve and capacity spectrum based on ATC-40 indicated that the performance level of the building was damage control, which means that the building can resist seismic force and has a low risk of human death. These results did not represent the post-earthquake condition in which the building collapsed due to failure of the beam-column joint because the shear reinforcement was not installed in the beam-column joints. Further studies are necessary in order to develop an analysis model, including the failure model of the beam-column joint.