Synthesis Of Selenium Nanoparticles Research Articles

In vitro assessment of the effect of magnetic fields on efficacy of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles by Alborzia kermanshahica

Cyanobacteria represent a rich resource of a wide array of unique bioactive compounds that are proving to be potent sources of anticancer drugs. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have shown an increasing potential as major therapeutic platforms and led to the production of higher levels of ROS that can present desirable anticancer properties. Chitosan–SeNPs have also presented antitumor properties against hepatic cancer cell lines, especially the Cht-NP (Chitosan–NPs), promoting ROS generation and mitochondria dysfunction. It is proposed that magnetic fields can add new dimensions to nanoparticle applications. Hence, in this study, the biosynthesis of SeNPs using Alborzia kermanshahica and chitosan (CS) as stabilizers has been developed. The SeNPs synthesis was performed at different cyanobacterial cultivation conditions, including control (without magnetic field) and magnetic fields of 30 mT and 60 mT. The SeNPs were characterized by uv-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and TEM. In addition, the antibacterial activity, inhibition of bacterial growth, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as the antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of SeNPs, were performed. The results of uv-visible spectrometry, DLS, and zeta potential showed that 60 mT had the highest value regarding the adsorption, size, and stabilization in compared to the control. FTIR spectroscopy results showed consistent spectra, but the increased intensity of peaks indicates an increase in bond number after exposure to 30 mT and 60 mT. The results of the antibacterial activity and the inhibition zone diameter of synthesized nanoparticles showed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to nanoparticles produced under 60 mT. Se-NPs produced by Alborzia kermanshahica cultured under a 60 mT magnetic field exhibit potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties, making them a promising natural agent for use in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.

Design, fabrication, and evaluation of keratin and pectin incorporated supramolecular structured zero-oxidation state selenium nanogel blended 3D printed transdermal patch

This study investigates the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), owing to the low cost and abundance of selenium. However, the toxicity of SeNP prompts the development of a selenium nanocomposite (SeNC) containing pectin, keratin, and ferulic acid to improve the bioactivity of Se[0]. Further, incorporating the SeNC in a suitable formulation for drug delivery as a transdermal patch was worth studying. Accordingly, various analytical techniques were used to characterize the SeNPs and the SeNC, confirming successful synthesis and encapsulation. The SeNC exhibited notable particle size of 448.2 ± 50.2 nm, high encapsulation efficiency (98.90 % ± 2.4 %), 28.1 ± 0.45 drug loading, and sustained drug release at pH 5.5. Zeta potential and XPS confirmed the zero-oxidation state. The supramolecular structure was evident from spectral analysis endorsing the semi-crystalline nature of the SeNC and SEM images showcasing flower-shaped structures. Further, the SeNC demonstrated sustained drug release (approx. 22 % at 48 h) and wound-healing potential in L929 fibroblast cells. Subsequently, the SeNC loaded into a gelling agent exhibited shear thinning properties and improved drug release by nearly 58 %. A 3D printed reservoir-type transdermal patch was developed utilizing the SeNC-loaded gel, surpassing commercially available patches in characteristics such as % moisture uptake, tensile strength, and hydrophobicity. The patch, evaluated through permeation studies and CAM assay, exhibited controlled drug release and angiogenic properties for enhanced wound healing. The study concludes that this patch can serve as a smart dressing with tailored functionality for different wound stages, offering a promising novel drug delivery system for wound healing.

Three accelerated methods based on microwave, hydrothermal and conventional heating in the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using garlic aqueous extract: Screening and characterization

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) have unique biological characteristics, including anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, the green synthesis of Se NPs using plant extracts, due to their natural reductant and stabilizer molecules, can intensify the process with minimal toxic effects on the human body and the environment. Se NPs have been synthesized using an aqueous extract of garlic and three accelerated heating methods based on microwave (800 W for 2.5 min), hydrothermal (temperature and pressure of 121 ºC and 1.5 atm, for 15 min) and conventional (at 150 ºC for 1 h) heating using a heater with stirring. Solution mixtures containing 20 mL of the prepared extract and 5 mL of sodium selenite solution (10 mM) were exposed to these three mentioned heating methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess characteristics of the formed Se NPs. The results showed that the fabricated Se NPs via microwave, autoclave and conventional heating methods had minimum particle size (107 nm) and polydispersity index (0.155), and maximum zeta potential (-38.7 mV) values. Furthermore, the spherical formed Se NPs using garlic extract and under microwave, conventional and autoclave heating methods had antioxidant activity of 44.2, 34.8 and 32.6 %, respectively. The formed Se NPs also indicated high antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strains.

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles: Characterization and Therapeutic Applications in Microbial and Cancer Treatments

Selenium is one of these micronutrients that are essential for animals, plants and microorganisms to remain functional. This review is about the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and its application in microbial and cancer therapies. Our hypothesis was that Se NPs produced using plant extracts might offer the biocompatibility and environmental friendliness advantages, and hence be a new prospect for medical applications. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of recent literature, exploring various green synthesis conditions and processes for Se NPs. Various characterisation techniques such as spectroscopy, microscopy and physicochemistry were discussed in order to provide insight into the formation and function of green-synthesised Se NPs. Our findings show that Se NPs produced by green chemistry methods have good properties such as uniform size, shape and stability as detailed examples from recent studies reveal. Furthermore, we discussed the therapeutic and theranostic applications of Se NPs produced in this manner: their potential in antimicrobial and anticancer treatments. Through illustrations of cases where Se NPs inhibit microbial growth and cause apoptosis in cancer cells, the practical significance of our findings was underscored. In summary, our review affirms that using green-mediated synthesis Se NPs improves their biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy, thus opening up new realms for their application in medical research.

Herbal Polyphenols as Selenium Reducers in the Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capabilities of the Obtained SeNPs.

Selenium is an essential trace element for the proper functioning of the human body. In recent years, great attention has been paid to selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) due to their potential for medicinal applications. In this study, herbal extracts were used in the green synthesis of SeNPs. The influence of herbal species, the ratio of the reagents, and post-reaction heating on the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of obtained SeNPs were investigated. The relationship between these properties and the physical parameters of obtained nanoparticles (e.g., size, shape) was also studied. It has been proven that SeNPs showed higher antioxidant and antibacterial properties in comparison to herbal extracts taken for their synthesis. Heating of the post-reaction mixture did not affect the SeNP size, shape, or other studied properties.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles capped by Tithonia diversifolia pectin for anti‐inflammation activity

AbstractThis work reports a green method to synthesize pectin‐capped selenium nanoparticles (PT‐SeNPs) using ascorbic acid as a reductant under mild conditions. Pectin was extracted from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray plant. Pectin played the role of a capping agent preventing the agglomeration of selenium nanoparticles. The synthesized PT‐SeNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, EDX spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FT‐IR, XRD, and TG‐DTA. The TEM and DLS techniques revealed monodispersed spherical selenium nanoparticles with sizes range of 100–200 nm. The amorphous PT‐SeNPs showed a phase transformation of nanostructure at 132 °C and a sublimation at 486 °C. The anti‐inflammatory of the obtained PT‐SeNPs was investigated in ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)‐induced rats. Rats treated with PT‐SeNPs exhibited ear edema inhibitions of 34.8%, 43.3%, and 46.7%, respectively at 30, 60 and 90 min after EPP injection.

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles From Clove and Their Toxicity Effect and Anti-angiogenic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential.

Introduction Nanoparticles, owing to their minuscule size, have become pivotal in diverse scientific endeavors, presenting unique characteristics with applications spanning medicine to environmental science. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit potential in diverse biomedical uses. Aim This research investigates the potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of SeNPs, which are synthesized using the green synthesis method. This eco-friendly approach aligns with sustainable practices and utilizes clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum). Materials and methods Clove extract facilitates SeNPsynthesis via sodium selenite reduction. The characterization methods comprised Fourier-transforminfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Assessments coveredantioxidant properties, chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) assay for antiangiogenic effects, toxicity evaluation, and antibacterial assays. Results Successful synthesis of SeNPswas verified by a UV-visible absorption peakat 256 nm and FTIR peaks around 3500-500 cm-1, and the spherical morphology was confirmed by SEM analysis with EDAX, which indicated the presence of SeNPs and their unique properties. Phytochemical substances are active chemicals that contribute to the properties of SeNPs. The SeNPs exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.437 µg/mL and antibacterial properties against bacterial pathogenSalmonella species, with a zone of inhibition measuring 19 mm.The CAM assay demonstrated possible antiangiogenic actions, and toxicity testing on Artemia nauplii showed biocompatibility. Conclusion This study underscores the efficient synthesis of SeNPs using clove extract, emphasizing their potential applications. The notable properties of SeNPs emphasize their promise for diverse biomedical and environmental uses.

Antibacterial Effect of Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi in Small Buffalo

Salmonella typhi is one of the most significant public causes of diarrhea in young animals. Bacterial colonies were first diagnosed by bacteriological methods. The aim of this article is to study the antibacterial effect of green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles against salmonella typhi in small buffalo. From 60 fecal samples of diarrhea, Salmonella typhi consisted of 21(35%) Salmonella paratyphi 9(15%), Escherichia coli 10(16,66%), Shigella 8(13,33%) and Staphylococcus aureus 12(20%). Cinnamon extract was utilized for the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The characterization of green SeNPs was detected using: UV–Visible Spectroscopy. The absorption peak appeared at 298 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the formed Se-NPs were highly crystalline. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of N-C– and –C-C stretching groups, amines, and Carbohydrates in the composition of SeNPs, by SEM the Se-NPs had a virtually spherical form. The size of the Se-NPs was made from cinnamon extract in the ranges of 34.5 to 45 nm. The antibacterial activity of the cinnamic ethanolic extract and synthesized SeNPs each one alone was investigated against salmonella typhi by using the agar well diffusion method and tested by using a concentration of (25,50,100 μg/mL). The results indicate that Se-NPs gave a good inhibition at 100 mg/ml, which was 14.33 mm, while the cinnamon extract at the same concentration gave an inhibition of 12.33 mm. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC and MBC. MIC values recorded 200 and 25 μg/mL for cinnamon extract and SeNPs Respectively. Additionally, MBC values were recorded at 800 and 200 μg/mL for cinnamon extract and for SeNPs respectively. The RT-PCR was used for the detection of Bss and Bssr gene expression before and after being treated with green synthesized Se-NPs.The results show that the expression of the BssS and BssR gene after treatment with a combination of SeNPs and cinnamon extract increased in the cycle number and gave high gene expression.

A Snapshot of Selenium-enclosed Nanoparticles for the Management of Cancer.

Among the primary causes of mortality in today's world is cancer. Many drugs are employed to give lengthy and severe chemotherapy and radiation therapy, like nitrosoureas (Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin), Antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate), Topoisomerase inhibitors (Etoposide), Mitotic inhibitors (Doxorubicin); such treatment is associated with significant adverse effects. Antitumor antibiotics have side effects similar to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and additional Se supplementation is required, particularly for individuals deficient in Se. Due to its unique features and high bioactivities, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which act as a supplement to counter Se deficiency, have recently gained worldwide attention. This study presented a safer and more economical way of preparing stable SeNPs. The researcher has assessed the antiproliferative efficiency of SeNPs-based paclitaxel delivery systems against tumor cells in vitro with relevant mechanistic visualization. SeNPs stabilized by Pluronic F-127 were synthesized and studied. The significant properties and biological activities of PTX-loaded SeNPs on cancer cells from the lungs, breasts, cervical, and colons. In one study, SeNPs were formulated using chitosan (CTS) polymer and then incorporated into CTS/citrate gel, resulting in a SeNPs-loaded chitosan/citrate complex; in another study, CTS was used in the synthesis of SeNPs and then situated into CTS/citrate gel, resulting in Se loaded nanoparticles. These formulations were found to be more successful in cancer treatment.

Selenium Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Examination of Synthesis Techniques and Their Diverse Applications in Medical Research and Toxicology Studies.

Selenium is a trace and necessary micronutrient for human, animal, and microbial health. Many researchers have recently been interested in selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) due to their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity. As a result of their greater bioactivity, selenium nanoparticles are widely employed in a variety of biological applications. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches can all be used to synthesize selenium nanoparticles. Since it uses non-toxic solvents and operates at a suitable temperature, the biological technique is a preferable option. This review article addresses the processes implemented in the synthesis of SeNPs and highlights their medicinal uses, such as the treatment of fungi, bacteria, cancer, and wounds. Furthermore, we discuss the most recent findings on the potential of several biological materials for selenium nanoparticle production. The precursor, extract, process, time, temperature, and other synthesis criteria will be elaborated in conjunction with the product's physical properties (size, shape, and stability). The synergies of SeNP synthesis via various methods aid future researchers in precisely synthesizing SeNPs and using them in desired applications.

In Vivo Studies and Flow Cytometric Investigation on Anticancer Potential of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized via Aqueous Extract of Clerodendron phlomidis

Nowadays, doctors and nutritionists recommend individuals incorporate selenium-rich foods such as nuts, cereals, and mushrooms into their regular diet to maintain fitness and overall health. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit strong chemopreventive capabilities. The anticipations for SeNPs with enhanced and tunable bioactive activities have led to a keen interest in phytofabrication. In this study, the aqueous extract of Clerodendron phlomidis plant leaves was utilized for the synthesis of SeNPs. In traditional Indian medicine, this plant extract is recognized as a significant anti-diabetic agent. The flavonoids tetrahydroxylflavone, 7-hydroxyflavanone, and 6,4’-dimethyl-7-acetoxy-scutellarein present in this plant leaf extract demonstrate excellent anticancer activity. These secondary metabolites exhibit the ability to reduce sodium selenite into SeNPs. At a concentration of 13 µg/mL, the synthesized SeNPs effectively inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cell line. The results suggest that the SeNPs possess promising anti-cancer potential against liver cancer and can be considered as a therapeutic agent for liver cancer treatment. Additionally, the cell cycle arrest induced by SeNPs was further confirmed by the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method, indicating that SeNPs could efficiently differentiate cancer cells from normal cells. Notably, it showed a significant improvement in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced Swiss Wistar rat groups. This scientific investigation highlights the high anti-cancer potential of SeNPs, positioning them as a promising therapeutic agent for liver cancer treatment.

Modulations of wheat growth by selenium nanoparticles under salinity stress

Salinity stress is a prominent environmental factor that presents obstacles to the growth and development of plants. When the soil contains high salt concentrations, the roots face difficulties in absorbing water, resulting in water deficits within the plant tissues. Consequently, plants may experience inhibited growth, decreased development, and a decline in biomass accumulation. The use of nanoparticles has become a popular amendment in recent times for the alleviation of salinity stress. The study investigated the biological approach for the preparation of Se nanoparticles (NP) and their effect on the growth of wheat plants under saline conditions. The leaf extract of lemon (Citrus limon L.) was used for the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The synthesized NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and were applied foliar in the range of 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% on wheat plants. Results showed that 0.1% SeNP alone exhibited a significantly higher yield per plant, biomass per plant, 1000 grains weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll over the SS (salt stress) control. A significant decline in MDA and H2O2 also validated the effectiveness of 0.1% SeNP over the SS control.

Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Pancreatic Functions and Acute Pancreatitis in Rats.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) have been documented to have severe impact on pancreatic function. Frequent incidence of AP can result in chronic pancreatitis and thereby it can increase the probability of pancreatic cancers. This study intended to examine the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) synthesized from Coleus forskohlii leaf extract on pancreatic function and AP in rat. Primarily, Se-NPs was fabricated using the C. forskohlii leaf extract. The synthesized nanomaterial was characterized through UV-visible, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopies. Notably, the zeta potential of Se-NPs was found to be -32.8 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.18. Morphological analysis on SEM unveiled the spherical shape of Se-NP with an average particle size of 12.69 nm. Strikingly, cytotoxicity analysis on pancreatic cancer and normal cells unveiled the concentration-dependent toxicity profile. However, IC 50 value is lower in normal pancreatic cell lines in comparison to pancreatic cancer cells lines. Assessment of Se-NPs on AP rats revealed the positive impact of Se-NPs. It effectively decreased the amount of lipase, amylase, IL-1β, MDA, NO, and Bcl-2 while increased the glucose, insulin, HOMA-β and antioxidant potential in AP rats. In addition, an evaluation of Se-NPs in the pancreatic functions revealed the non-harmful effect of Se-NPs.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and its electrochemical properties

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is produced by mixing Curcuma longa leaves extract and sodium hydrogen selenite (NaHSeO3) solution. Curcuma longa leaves extract act as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. Selenium nanoparticles formation was assisted by using microwave-assisted method. This work focusing on determining the electrochemical properties of the selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) through characterization and application. Formation of SeNPs confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, morphological and size of the SeNPs through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) presence of functional groups using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), amorphic nature of the SeNPs through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) where spherical and average size of 251nm were observed. For its electrochemical properties, the 20µL SeNPs was used for modification in electrocatalytic of bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrooxidation by SeNPs/GCE of nitrite was examined via cyclic voltammetry where increase of oxidation current can be observed approximately at 0.8V.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES STABILIZED WITH DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE

As part of this work, a synthesis procedure was developed and the characteristic of selenium nanoparticles stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) was carried out. Nanoparticles were obtained by chemical reduction in an aqueous medium. Selenous acid was used as a selenium-containing precursor, ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent, and didecyldimethylammonium chloride was used as a stabilizer. To determine the optimal parameters for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride, a multifactorial experiment was carried out. The input parameters were the concentration of selenous acid, the concentration of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and the concentration of ascorbic acid. The average hydrodynamic radius of selenium particles, which was determined by the method of dynamic light scattering, was considered as an output parameter. The optimal parameters for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (R from 15 to 25 nm) have been established: reducing agent concentration – from 1.076 mol/l to 2.118 mol/l, stabilizer concentration – from 0.006 mol/l to 0.085 mol/l, precursor concentration – from 0.004 mol /l to 0.236 mol/l. At the next stage of research, the effect of solution pH on the average hydrodynamic radius of selenium nanoparticles was determined. It was shown that in the pH range from 1.81 to 2.21, the average hydrodynamic radius of selenium nanoparticles does not change significantly, which indicates the aggregative stability of selenium nanoparticles in this range. In the pH range from 2.21 to 4.56, there is a sharp increase in the average hydrodynamic radius from 21 to 497 nm. At pH ˃ 7.96, coagulation of selenium particles is observed.

Synthesis, Characterisation, and in Vitro Biocompatibility Studies of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized using Hybanthus Enneaspermus Plant Extract for Potential Biomedical Applications

Hybanthus enneaspermus (HE) is a traditional medicinal plant used for treating various disease conditions. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) possess various properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, etc. The objective of the present study is to conduct green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus(HE) and evaluate their biocompatibility. Leaves of HE are utilized for synthesizing SeNPs. Characterization studies of HE-SeNPs are carried out using UV spectrophotometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, and SEM. To check the biocompatibility, hemolytic assay, and Annexin V-PI assays are carried out. A change in color is observed after the addition of sodium selenite to the leaf extract. UV spectrophotometry gives a peak at 271 nm confirming the synthesis of SeNPs. FT-IR gives peaks at 3224, 1565, 1399, 1078, 784, and 717 cm-1 with a fingerprint of 3500 - 1000 cm-1. SEM analysis shows the spherical morphology of the SeNPs. HE-SeNPs at lower concentrations cause less hemolysis. However, HE-SeNPs are found to be less biocompatible, so further studies are needed to confirm their biocompatible nature. SeNPs synthesized from HE can be ideal for biomedical applications but further studies are required to check its biocompatibility. Keywords: SeNPs, Hybanthus enneaspermus, green synthesis, biocompatibility.

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Loaded Alginate-Gelatin Scaffolds for Potential Tissue Engineering Applications

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were reported for its anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Alginate and gelatin scaffolds can act as an important biomaterial, more specifically in bone tissue engineering. Green synthesis of SeNPs from Luffa cylindrica (LC) and loading of SeNPS with alginate-gelatin scaffold and to check its biocompatibility. The SeNPs were prepared via the green synthesis method and loaded into an alginate-gelatin scaffold. Characterization studies such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and SEM were carried out in LC-SeNPs and Se-NPs loaded scaffold. The hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was determined using water contact angle measurements. Annexin V PI assay was conducted to determine the biocompatible nature of prepared SeNPs-loaded alginate-gelatin scaffolds. The UV-VIS spectrum gave an intense peak at 266 and 384 nm, whereas the FTIR gave a strong peak at 3500-500 cm-1 fingerprint regions. SEM images showed flower-shaped LC-SeNPs and their distribution of SeNPs on the surface of alginate-gelatin scaffolds. water contact angle measurement was found to be 29.21°. Cell viability results showed 78.11% viable cells following treatment with alg-gel-Se scaffold, revealing its biocompatibility towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, it could be concluded that the SeNP-loaded alg-gel scaffold is a promising candidate for tissue engineering, but further studies are required to confirm its potential role. Keywords- Selenium nanoparticles, Alginate-gelatin scaffolds, tissue engineering, biocompatibility.

Green mediator for selenium nanoparticles synthesis with antimicrobial activity and plant biostimulant properties under heavy metal stress

Nanotechnology is a valuable strategy for managing a number of medicinal, agricultural, and environmental concerns. Cocculus pendulus was used for selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesis to evaluate their usage for microbial inhibition and to enhance plant resistance to heavy metals. Mono-dispersed, spherical shape, and mean diameter (36.19 nm) of SeNPs were documented. More inhibitory potential was associated with SeNPs with inhibition zones of 38±0.3, 18±0.2, 18±0.1, 31±0.2, and 27±0.1 mm than extract of C. pendulus against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans, respectively. SeNPs had successfully scavenged the free radicals of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with lower IC50 (inhibitory concentration that inhibit 50% of DPPH) value (10.31 µg/mL) than that of C. pendulus extract (55.54 µg/mL). The effect of C. pendulus extract (200 mg/kg soil) alone or in combination with SeNPs (15 mg/kg soil of SeNPs) as a soil drench on shoot, root lengths, plant pigments, lead and cadmium contents of Corchorus olitorius under lead and cadmium stress (5 mg/L) was investigated. The pigments quantity and plant growth were decreased by cadmium and lead poisoning. Application of C. pendulus extracts or SeNPs decreased the Pb and Cd concentrations and improved the growth and metabolites of Corchorus olitorius plants.

Selenium nanoparticles coated bacterial polysaccharide with potent antimicrobial and anti-lung cancer activities

Bacterial exopolysaccharides are homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polysaccharides with large molecular weights (10–1000 kDa). Exopolysaccharides' functional uses and potential have revolutionized the industrial and medicinal industries. Hence, the aim of the present study was to optimize the production of bacterial exopolysaccharide and apply it as a capping agent for selenium nanoparticles synthesis. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from dairy products then biochemically characterized and assessed for their potential antimicrobial effect. The most potent EPS producer was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain A2 with accession number OP218384 using 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, FTIR data of the extracted EPS revealed similarity with amylopectin spectrum. 1H NMR spectrum revealed an α-anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage pattern in the polysaccharides while the 13C NMR spectrum can also be separated into two main portions, the anomeric carbons region (δ 98–102 ppm) and the non-anomeric carbons region (δ 60–81 ppm). Antimicrobial activity of the produced EPS showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans respectively. The EPS capsule layer surrounding the bacterial cells was detected by TEM study. Optimization of EPS production was evaluated using Taguchi design, trial 23 reported the highest biomass yield and EPS output (6.5 and 27.12 g/L respectively) with 2.4 and 3.3 folds increase (from the basal media) respectively. The optimized exopolysaccharide was used as a capping and stabilizing agent for selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) synthesis. Zeta potential, size and PDI of the synthesized nanoparticles were − 19.7 mV, 45–65 nm and 0.446 respectively with strong bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested pathogens. Complete microbial growth eradication was recorded after 6, 8 and 10 h against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. EPS-SeNPs showed a potent antioxidant effect reached 97.4% and anticancer effect against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 reached 5.324 µg/mL). EPS-SeNPs inhibited cancerous cell growth at S phase. Moreover, molecular studies revealed the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2's was inhibited and Bax was activated. The present investigation successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles through bacterial EPS with significantly high antimicrobial and anticancer activity.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using leaf extract of Moringa oleifera, their biological applications, and effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris-: Agricultural synthetic biotechnology for sustainable nutrition

This research aims to design an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing green Selenium nanoparticles by mixing the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and Sodium Selenite solution. The Selenium nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, XRD and SEM, EDS, DLS, Zeta potential, and AFM. SeNPs were assessed for anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and antioxidant assay. The analysis of X-ray diffraction reveals that Selenium NPs are 71.2 nm with a crystallinity of 66.8%. The band gap energy shows 2.4eV. Green-produced SeNPs were discovered to have high antibacterial action as well as significant antioxidant activity (IC50-50.21 μg for DPPH, 50.06 μg for ABTS, 62.9 μg for FRAP). SeNPs degrade crystal violet dye effectively when exposed to UV radiation. SeNPs were very effective against the biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was able to cease its growth to the maximum compared to the other bacterial strains. The full factorial method was followed to understand the consequences of three variable factors that is pH, time, and concentration of the SeNPs on the dye degradation. The concentration and pH were significant which influenced the dye degradation. Apart from this Selenium nanoparticles were able to influence the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris by increasing the amount of chlorophyll, tannin, flavonoid, and phenol in the plant grown in the presence of selenium compared to the control. The morphological characteristics of the plant were seen to be influenced by the selenium. Molecular analysis was also performed to study the change in the DNA content and the protein content. We conclude that SeNPs can be used by agro-based industries and textile dye industries.