Syntagmatic Connections Research Articles

О ЧЕМ МЕЧТАЮТ РОССИЯНЕ? ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ЛЕКСЕМ «МЕЧТАТЬ», «МЕЧТА», «МЕЧТАНИЕ» В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МЕДИАТЕКСТЕ(НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ПОРТАЛА «ЛЕНТА.РУ»)

The article analyzes the syntagmatic connections of the words “to dream”, “dream”, “dreaming” based on the materials of the news portal “Lenta. ru”. The phrases found in the corpus of texts under consideration (which comprised more than three author’s sheets) with those words represent the semantic core of the concept “dream” and the corresponding fragment of the journalistic picture of the world – to the extent that this fragment was presented in the publications of 2019–2021 of the media selected for research. The journalistic picture of the world is understood by the author of the article as a kind of functional-style picture of the world, i.e. as a communicatively conditioned version of the linguistic picture of the world, which, fixing the specifics in the life of the people, stores information about the world and is “a vivid reflection of the character and worldview of the people” [Bulygina, Shmelev 1997, p. 481]. The journalistic picture of the world created by the mass media influences the conceptual picture of the world of their addressees, including the semantic content and hierarchy of culturally significant concepts. Thus, studying the syntagmatic connections of the words “to dream”, “dream”, “dreaming” in the publications of “Lenta.ru”, we identify modern ideas about the semantic core of the concept “dream”, which are fixed in the journalistic picture of the world of the media under consideration and broadcast to the audience of the publication.

«Нариси піронізму» Секста Емпірика: парадигма термінів і перекладацькі інтенції

The article considers the principles underpinning the Ukrainian translation of Sextus Empiricus’ Outlines of Pyrrhonism and the translation strategy employed to render the fundamental concepts of his philosophy. The author believes that the translation should fully reproduce Outlines of Pyrrhonism’s rich word-forming terminological potential while preserving the internal form and etymological affinity of concepts. The basic principle is the unification of terms and key concepts. At the same time, an acceptable translation should adequately convey the original meaning of the text and not its letter. The accurate translation of the contents is more important than an effort to use the same Ukrainian word throughout the translation as an equivalent of a particular word in the original. Besides, our translation seeks to abide by a principle that one has to avoid, whenever possible, Grecisms, Latinisms, and loan translations from the Russian language. In accord with this translation strategy, the paper describes the lexical and semantic fields of the basic concepts of skepticism, their paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections, and the range of these terms’ derivation, and substantiates the choice of Ukrainian equivalents. The explanations are illustrated by fragments of the contextual translation of several cognate word forms. The translation should take into account the extensive synonymy present in the Greek text and certain lability of the terminological system used by Sextus himself. The translator’s intentions aim at conveying the rich lexical imagery and metaphors of the Outlines of Pyrrhonism.

Polonizmy wśród białoruskich nazw procesów kognitywnych

<p>Badanie semantyki czasowników – nazw procesów kognitywnych – na materiale języka białoruskiego nie było dotychczas podejmowane. Jako specjalny podsystem leksykalno-semantyczny czasowniki w znaczeniu „procesy mentalne” na materiale innych języków również nie był wcześniej poddany badaniu. Aktualność tego artykułu wynika z braku kompleksowego opisu niniejszego zagadnienia leksykalno-semantycznego. Celem artykułu jest całościowy opis nazw procesów kognitywnych w języku białoruskim. Badaniu poddane zostały cechy semantyczne i składniowe każdego czasownika oraz rodzaje relacji między nimi. Zgodnie z czym definiowane są znaczenia leksykalne, typ każdego leksemu według rodzaju czynności; aktantnу typ czasownika oraz jego związki syntagmatyczne. W artykle zwraca się również uwagę, które czasowniki zapożyczono z języka polskiego i które przez jego pośrednictwo. Nazwy procesów kognitywnych zostały podzielone na kilka grup z semantyką ‘decydować, wnioskować’, ‘zgadnąć’, ‘zrozumieć’, ‘dowiedzieć się’, ‘zapamiętać’, ‘przypomnieć’. Spośród czterdziestu jednostek siedem zapożyczono z języka polskiego lub język polski pełnił rolę pośrednika w ich zapożyczeniu. W podgrupie semantycznej ‘decydować, wnioskować’ za pośrednictwem języka polskiego do białoruszczyzny zapożyczono leksemy <em>дэдукаваць</em><em>, </em><em>разважыць</em><em>, </em><em>размеркаваць</em><em>, </em><em>разрахаваць</em><em>. </em>Trzy kolejne polonizmy mają semantykę ‘zrozumieć’, ‘dowiedzieć się’. Z języka polskiego zapożyczono wyrazy <em>дапяць</em> i <em>распрацаваць</em>. Brus. <em>асэнсаваць</em><em> </em>ma korzenie łacińskie, ale do białoruszczyzny został zapożyczony przez polskie pośrednictwo. Wszystkie te leksemy, z wyjątkiem niedawnego zapożyczenia <em>дапяць</em>, były używane już w okresie starobiałoruskim. Są one przechodnie – taka sama rekcja była typowa dla tych czasowników w języku polskim. Czasownik <em>дапяць</em> używany jest bez obiektu lub ze zdaniem podrzędnym dopełnieniowym.</p>

MICRO LEVEL ORGANIZATION OF ELECTRONIC MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

The article studies the peculiarities of an electronic multilingual terminological dictionary micro level organization. The scientific research defines the concept of “dictionary”, which means a special linguistic genre designed to meet the professional needs of its users, providing relevant linguistic information on the lexical unit required. The emphasis is placed on the importance of electronic multilingual terminological dictionary compilation. The dictionary optimizes terminological systems of various scientific fields and significantly contributes to international scientific cooperation thus facilitating scientific and technological progress in the society. The compositional components of the dictionary, namely its macro- and microstructure are considered. The concept of “dictionary entry” is defined as a source of information that reveals the essential characteristics of a word, its contextual, paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections, stylistic and functional features, as well as derivational potential. The article provides a historical overview of a dictionary entry genesis as well as approaches to language units’ linguistic description. The types of dictionary entries are given, the peculiarities of one-component, two-component and multi-word information dictionary entries are highlighted. Electronic multilingual terminological dictionary entry is determined to belong to multi-word information lexicographic entries. The research presents the requirements for the electronic multilingual terminological dictionary compilation. It analyzes lexicographic, linguo-cognitive and linguistic principles of information organization in the multilingual terminological dictionary entry. The article emphasizes the importance of contradictions of micro-level organization representation. It also highlights the significance of language parameters depending on dictionary pragmatic reason. The pragmatic reason includes the object of lexicography, which determines the content of a dictionary; the volume of lexicography, which presupposes relevant language unit linguistic description, as well as the addressee of the electronic multilingual terminological dictionary, which implies average user characteristics. The article presents the model of the electronic multilingual terminological dictionary micro level organization. Prospects for further scientific research are seen in language data digitization study.

Отаббревиатурные производные лексико-семантической группы «Наименования лиц»

The article describes the results of the analysis of abbreviation derivatives with the meaning of the name of persons carried out taking into account sociolinguistic and historical-cultural factors; a significant number of abbreviations presented in the article can be attributed to neologisms that have not previously been subjected to a scientific description but actively used in modern speech and are reflected in the National Corps of the Russian language or in the texts of modern media and in the Internet forum materials. The features of the functioning of these units, the formation of paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections arising at the level of semantics are shown; the high frequency of the appearance of variability in writing many of the abbreviations is noted; an attempt was made to systematize the units considering the basis of well-known classifications; the conclusion is made about the place of abbreviations in the system of modern Russian language.

Интерпретация поэзии Рене Шара в «Молотке без мастера» Пьера Булеза

The article presents the results of study of three poems by Rene Char from the collection “Le Marteau sans maitre” which became the literary basis for the eponymous vocal-instrumental cycle by Pierre Boulez. It provides information about Char’s poetry collection “Le Marteau sans maitre” and gives a brief stylistic characterization of the poetic miniatures selected by the composer. Based on her analysis of semantic fields, the author proposes an interpretation of the content of the poems “L'artisanat furieux,” “Bel edifice et les pressentiments” and “Bourreaux de solitude.” Paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections uniting these poetic texts into a cycle are established. Another aspect of the study concerns Boulez’s methods of vocalizing Char's verses in terms of possible transmission of their content into the context of a musical text. In this regard, only the third, fifth, sixth and ninth movements of the cycle are examined. By means of syllabic and melismatic singing of the words, the necessary transformation of the poetic syntax, the changes in the poems’ compositional structure, various textures and instrumentation, Boulez alternately complicates or facilitates the perception of the verbal text, depending on the respective artistic task. On the level of the vocal part, its meaning is explained by the differentiation of articulation in the range from singing cantilena to Sprechstimme, nuance of timbre, sound-imagery means, and intonational reminiscences. Keywords: vocal music, Pierre Boulez, Rene Char, “Le Marteau sans Maitre”.

ZOOMORPHIC NAMES OF ROLLING STOCK IN RUSSIAN RAILWAY JARGON

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanisms of representation of railway rolling stock in professional jargon through zoomorphic metaphorical image. The purpose of the research is to identify the totality of lexical means of explication of this image in railway slang; to give classification of these means; to define most topical models on the basis of which images "animal" and "railway transport" semantically correlate. The sources of the actual material are the dictionary of railway jargon by D. Zinoviev and railway Internet forums and chats. We found 117 lexemes of different parts of speech, which from different sides directly or indirectly embody the image "animal" in the nomination of rolling stock and form a special semantic field. In the paper the structure of this field is described, the core of which is the nomination of animals ( bull, crocodile, parrot, mare ) and parts of their body ( muzzle, horns, tail ), used for the metaphorical name of the rolling stock and its parts and devices. On the periphery of the field there are lexemes indicating habitats of animals; artifacts, people, actions related to animals ( burrow, stables, reins, rider, milk (v), horseshoe (v) ). The system relations within the given field were found: synonymic, antonymic, derivation, syntagmatic connections between its components.

Present-day Value Orientations through the Prism of Actual Word Compatibility

The phenomenon of actual word compatibility appearing in current written speech is considered. The term actual word compatibility is introduced into scientific use to denote new or relatively new compatibility of the words breaking their usual syntagmatic connections and identifying changes in people’s value orientations. Analyzing the compatibility of the adjectives with positive or negative meaning in sintagmas like zdorovyj cynizm (‘healthy cynicism’), razumnaja agressija (‘reasonable aggression’), nezdorovaja dobrota (‘harmful kindness’), etc. the author comes to the conclusion that in the present-day perception there are some value orientations not typical of traditional culture. One of them is aggressive cult of force. The study is performed in the framework of language dynamic description on the material of the texts related to several professional communities (lawyers, psychologists, business coaches) and comments on them on the websites, etc. One of the methods applied is the analysis of potential word compatibility.

The Effects of Written Feedback On ESL Writers’ Ability To Edit Word Choice Errors

This study examines whether indirect written corrective feedback (CF) can enable 45 ESL writers with intermediate language proficiency to self-edit word choice errors classified as conceptual. Using a pre- and immediate post-test design, the study compares the effects of indirect CF under two conditions: errors are marked and coded without (1) and with metalinguistic explanation and (2) with two types of metalinguistic explanation: traditional and cognitive. Accuracy of word choice is measured in a new piece of writing. The results indicate that (1) CF with metalinguistic explanation is more useful than that without explanation (the control group) and (2) cognitive explanation (the cognitive group) appears to be significantly more effective than one drawn on the traditional account of language (the traditional group). The findings suggest that, when the CF attends to word choice errors as conceptual by addressing the mismatch between L2 forms and their conceptual content structured through cognitive frames and conceptual metaphors, ESL student writers are likely to make correct assumptions about syntagmatic connections of L2 words and correct more erroneous words in their L2 writing than when they are exposed to the feedback that approaches word choice errors as simply lexical and focuses on form-form mismatches.

Syntactical Analytical Overview of the New Testament Translation by Vangjel Meksi, After the Editing of Grigor of Gjirokastra, Focusing on the Syntax and the Sentence Types Strata

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Semantic Restrictions of Forming Derivative Nouns in the Class of the Process Verbs

Studying structural, phono-morphological, semantic, stylistic, word-forming and lexical conformities regulating syntagmatic connections in word-formation, requires studying system restrictions of the word-forming morphemes combinability, predetermined by the meaning of a word sign as well. The aim of the article is to identify semantic restrictions and those close to them in forming deverbative nouns from the process verbs. It was defined that such kinds of restrictions as semantic, semantic-pragmatic, semantic-stylistic, lexical and structural-morphological can counteract the possibility of the process verbs to take part in derivation processes. Semantic restrictions are located at the level of syntagmatic, differentiating semes and the abstract subcategoric seme “becoming”. Aspect semes don’t influence the possibility of the process verbs to take part in the word formation processes. Semantic restrictions can be predetermined both by the presence and by the absence of definite semes in a semantic structure of a word.

Lexical Network Structures and L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: The Role of L1 Lexical/Conceptual Knowledge

This paper presents a theoretical account for how learners might draw upon L1 lexical and conceptual knowledge when making assumptions about connections between words in the L2 lexicon. It is suggested that L1 lexical knowledge can be both a help and a hindrance when forming L2 connections, particularly in respect to collocations. Furthermore, some of the commonly-held assumptions about the significance of paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections for L2 lexical development are challenged in light of the theoretical proposals presented in the paper.

Semantic correlations as basic means for modeling the lexico‐semantic system

Abstract A model of the correlational semantic connections between micro‐systems ‐ semantic groups of adjectives ‐ in newspaper texts is constructed. The reasons which underlie the correlational strength are discussed and found to consist mainly in the syntagmatic connections shared by the words. The increasing linguistic interest of language dynamics, flexibility, probability of connections and interrelations between linguistic entities is indicated.