Symbolic Form Research Articles

Pengenalan dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Soal Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) pada Guru-Guru Matematika SMP

Changes in government policy that abolished the national exam into a national assessment have an impact on teacher competencies that must be developed in preparing matters related to the national assessment. The Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) field focuses on literacy and numeracy activities. Literacy is not only related to text but can be in the form of symbols, numbers, charts or graphs. Based on the results of research on AKM, it was stated that 12 out of 44 teachers as respondents had not yet prepared for AKM. Therefore, training to improve teacher competence in making AKM questions that focus on student numeracy needs to be carried out. This service was held at SMPN 1 Martapura and was attended by 30 teachers who were members of the Mathematics MGMP for SMPN Banjar Regency. The material presented in this activity was about the meaning and purpose of AKM, AKM components, forms of AKM questions, numeracy competency levels and links to AKM questions from the Ministry of Education and Culture. The results of the evaluation with a score of 4.13 for PkM participants showed that the participants were very satisfied with the training carried out.

Interventions to improve equational reasoning: replication and extension of the Cuisenaire-Gattegno curriculum effect.

The ability to reason about equations in a robust and fluent way requires both instrumental knowledge of symbolic forms, syntax, and operations, as well as relational knowledge of how such formalisms map to meaningful relationships captured within mental models. A recent systematic review of studies contrasting the Cuisenaire-Gattegno (Cui) curriculum approach vs. traditional rote schooling on equational reasoning has demonstrated the positive efficacy of pedagogies that focus on integrating these two forms of knowledge. Here we seek to replicate and extend the most efficacious of these studies (Brownell) by implementing the curriculum to a high degree of fidelity, as well as capturing longitudinal changes within learners via a novel tablet-based assessment of accuracy and fluency with equational reasoning. We examined arithmetic fluency as a function of relational reasoning to equate initial performance across diverse groups and to track changes over four growth assessment points. Results showed that the intervention condition that stressed relational reasoning leads to advances in fluency for addition and subtraction with small numbers. We also showed that this intervention leads to changes in problem solving dispositions toward complex challenges, wherein students in the CUI intervention were more inclined to solve challenging problems relative to those in the control who gave up significantly earlier on multi-step problems. This shift in disposition was associated with higher accuracy on complex equational reasoning problems. A treatment by aptitude interaction emerged for both arithmetic equation reasoning and complex multi-step equational reasoning problems, both of which showed that the intervention had greatest impact for children with lower initial mathematical aptitude. Two years of intervention contrast revealed a large effect (d = 1) for improvements in equational reasoning for the experimental (CUI) group relative to control. The strong replication and extension findings substantiate the importance of embedding these teaching aides within the theory grounded curricula that gave rise to them.

Vestiges et silence de l’envisagement dans l’œuvre de Jean Olivier Hucleux

ObjectivesThis article sets out to explore the psychic processes involved in the creative work of Jean Olivier Hucleux, an artist of the end of the 20th century, whose hyperrealistic pictorial reproductions have been able to generate experiences of the “uncanny valley” in his audience. This article also considers the psychic operators that participated in Hucleux's artistic shift in the early 1980s, in an attempt to understand its logic and functions in relation to the whole of his creative process. MethodWe makes use of Jean Olivier Hucleux's life story, and the careful study of his works, as well as the many interviews, documentaries, articles that relate to his output. The method is that of the clinical approach to creation, which does not reduce the analysis of the work to a simple application of metapsychology, but which is interested in the psychic processes involved in the multiple dimensions of the creative act (corporal, representational, fantasy, social, interrelational, emotional, transitional, auto-sensual…). ResultsThis article highlights a creative process characterized by the repetition of a trying physical experience where the painter goes beyond his limits of tolerance in order to reach a space of exhaustion where “there would be no more language”. This creative practice, first marked by a ruthless constraint to create and leading us to identify primary forms of symbolization in his work, will take a more tranquil course within a transitional space where these enigmatic signifiers, these primitive affects, and these unremembered sensations will find the possibility of hiding/being found by and in the creative act. In the mid-1980s, a lawsuit for counterfeiting allowed Hucleux to take an important step in the reorganization of this constraint to symbolize, whereby “experiments of envisioning” could be updated in a playful and interactive way, in contrast to the mechanical and solipsistic nature of his first, hyperrealistic, period. DiscussionIs the work of Hucleux a work of psychic survival, at the limits of the madness of self-control, or can it be understood as a borderline experience of exploration of archaic processes? Listening to the work and its author, it is possible to hear the way in which his artistic quest is only interested in forms and impressions linked to experiences of attunement with the environment; His faces translate, by means of the re-staging of the meeting of a frozen, mortified double, the silences and uneasiness waiting to be symbolized. ConclusionThe study of Hucleux's creative work constitutes a unique window through which we can explore psychic life on this side of secondary symbolization: that is, this weft of experience where the senses and the affects irrigate the mental functioning in the form of formal associative chains, at the risk of intersubjective deviation.

South Korean Modern Culture in the Drama Series “Just One Bite” (Semiotics Analysis by Charles Sanders Peirce)

The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the modern cultural values of South Korea which are represented in the drama series "Just One Bite". This drama series is a South Korean drama series that airs on the official PLAYLIST Global YouTube channel and was released in two seasons. The focus of this research is the representation of South Korean cultural values in the modern era. The object of this study is the drama series "Just One Bite" where the writer takes screenshots of various scenes in the drama series. The method used in this study is an inductive qualitative approach with a type of content analysis. Content analysis is used to study storage data in the form of symbols, text, images and so on. The theory used is Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory, namely that signs are divided into symbols, objects, and interpretants. Based on data analysis using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic approach, various data were found that represent South Korean cultural values in the modern era in the drama series "Just One Bite". These cultural values include language in the form of naming food, family culture in the form of sharing food, technological advances in the form of instant food, and preserving culture in the form of serving traditional food with modern food.

Makna Pendidikan Agama Hindu dalam Pementasan Wayang Lemah Pada Karya Ngenteg Linggih Merajan Pratisentana Dalem Tarukan

The procession of staging lemah puppet has many components which are symbols of Hinduism and have the educational value that can be used as a guide for Hindus. This study aims to determine the performance of lemah puppet in the Karya Ngenteg Linggih Merajan Pratisentana Dalem Tarukan, Denpasar Pakraman Village, from the perspective of Hindu religious education. This type of research is qualitative research with field research and library research. The informant determination technique used was purposive sampling. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, literature study, and documentation. The results of the study show that the procession of the performance of the lemah puppet in the Karya Ngenteg Linggih in Merajan Pratisentana Dalem Tarukan, Denpasar Pakraman Village, is a stage consisting of pre-staging, beginning, primary, and final activities, in the various stages carried out, it is contained in the religious system in the form of symbols, ceremonies, and spells that have been arranged according to the standard in the dharma pewayangan. From this procession, the functions of the performance of the lemah puppets emerged, which consisted of religious functions, purification, social solidarity, and aesthetic functions. The performance of lemah puppet is also full of the meanings of Hindu religious education. The meaning of education contained in the performance of lemah puppet is the meaning of spiritual education, kinship, event skills, and cultural arts.

Symbolic forms in Church architecture: a case study of Saint Augustine Catholic Church Ikorodu, Lagos State

A religious building is nothing less than the symbolic representation of the tradition, values, culture and creativity levels of the special territory in which it stands. Each type of church architecture may have different symbolic qualities, but every church building transmits some symbolic messages. Human beings provide meanings to the images that are received from objects by their symbolic minds. The study examined architectural spaces in Saint Augustine Catholic Church Ikorodu, in Ikorodu Division of Lagos State Nigeria enacting from the perspective of indigenous form, art and symbols. It demonstrates the integration of cultural heritage, traditional forms, material availability, arts and symbols into the architecture of Catholic Church. The study is an historical, explanatory, qualitative using the methods of observation and focused interviews. The Church architecture illustrates how influences from indigenous and local forms and symbols have been incorporated in sacred spaces in the Catholic Church. The study expounded knowledge for the clergy and the institution of religion bodies and the enlightenment of academic expository. KEY WORDS: Catholic Church, Church Architecture, Culture, Ikorodu, Symbols.

The Nothing, the Void and the Silence in the Art of Yves Klein. A Phenomenological Interpretation

This paper intends to offer an example of the way philosophy and artistic creativity could be connected. Using philosophical concepts and their profound meanings one can get a deeper and larger image of what art could reveal. We are going to use the already mentioned concepts as they were studied by two of the most relevant philosophers, Hegel and Heidegger. Those concepts prove their utility in the understanding of how the human thought functions and how it is capable to make the human being aware of his condition and also to make possible the human creativity, in art especially. We will discover that this process of creativity is based on the freedom of the human consciousness capable to surpass the nature restrictions imposed by human natural condition. This freedom of consciousness develops during life and experience and generates all the individual diversity. The human being as consciousness gets thus a wider capacity of expression assured by the wide range of determinations the thought gets during life. The artist is one of those capable to express this in various symbolic forms using however simple materials. The artistic works reflect thus exactly the superior consciousness and self-consciousness to which the artist elevates himself proving thus the ontological character of the human thought. We chose the works made by Yves Klein, a French artist of the mid of the 20th century.

A State of the Art Review of Systems of Linear Inequalities and Related Observability Problems

This work is a short review of the state of the art aiming to contribute to the use, disclosure, and propagation of systems of linear inequalities in real life, teaching, and research. It shows that the algebraic structure of their solutions consists of the sum of a linear subspace, an acute cone, and a polytope, and that adequate software exists to obtain, in their simplest forms, these three components. The work describes, based on orthogonality and polarity, homogeneous and complete systems of inequalities, the associated compatibility problems, and their relations with convex polyhedra and polytopes, which are the only possible solution for bounded problems, the most common in real practice. The compatibility and the observability problems, including their symbolic forms, are analyzed and solved, identifying the subsets of unknowns with unique solutions and those unbounded, important items of information with practical relevance in artificial intelligence and automatic learning. Having infinitely many solutions of a given problem allows us to find solutions when some of the assumptions fail and unexpected constraints come into play, a common situation for engineers. The linear programming problem becomes trivial when the set of all solutions is available and all solutions are obtained, contrary to the case of standard programs that provide only one solution. Several examples of applications to several areas of knowledge are presented, illustrating the advantages of solving these systems of inequalities.

Joker Movie Poster Advertisement: The Semiotic Analysis

This study employed semiotics to establish connections among the elements utilized in advertising. The focus of the research was analyzing Joker poster advertisements using semiotic studies based on Pierce's theory. Pierce's Theory was employed to identify and categorize various types of signs, as well as analyze and describe their meanings. The objective of this study was to identify semiotic signs present in Joker Poster advertisements and interpret their meanings. The research design was descriptive and qualitative, involving document analysis. Each sign within the poster advertisements was identified and classified into three types: index, icon, and symbol. The meaning of each sign was then analyzed and explained using a triadic process model. The findings revealed that the advertisements contained semiotic signs in the form of symbols, icons, and indexes. There were 14 icons, 12 indexes, and 42 symbols identified. Symbols were more commonly used compared to indexes and icons, with text often serving as a symbol in the Joker posters. Additionally, the researcher observed that posters (icons) played a crucial role in providing initial direction to the meaning, followed by the language used in the advertisements.

La estructura de prestigio de los residentes en la reconstrucción de la "época del algodón"

After conducting ethnographic research on farms in the semi-arid region of Ceará, we identified common symbolic forms of thinking among the peasants who resided there that comprise what we define as a prestige structure, namely the reconstruction of the social memory of these peasants about their experiences of partnership in the cotton economy. Within their symbolic system they construct a structure of emotions based on the social conditions derived from contemporary rural experience, most notably the “prestige” they had during what they call the cotton era. In this way, we emphasize the role of the economy of symbolic goods in maintaining lasting relationships of dependence, rather than poverty, dependence and submission (which has been frequent among historians of economics). Through interviews and informal conversations as part of participant observation of contemporary rural work, we were able to capture the residents' social memory of the cotton era and the partnership relationships which produce honorable images of their condition in their memories, along with a complex worldview in which they combine the achievements of the present with characteristic elements of traditional domination. This ethnographic research, along with theoretical contributions from the sociology of Bourdieu and the economic history of the semiarid region, permits a discussion of the prestige structure found among the residents (more precisely, how it was shaped, and its contradictions and disintegration) by examining the complex relationships that constitute this social formation.

Formulas for Calculating the Deflections of a Triangular Truss of Spatial Cover

Statement of the problem. The scheme of triangular in terms of dome type cover is proposed. The construction is statically determinate. The formulas for the dependence of the deflection on the number of panels and sizes are derived by generalizing a series of individual solutions by induction. Materials and methods. The forces in the coating rods are performed by cutting nodes in symbolic form using operators of the Maple symbolic mathematics system. The unknown systems of equilibrium equations in projections on the coordinate axis include the reactions of vertical supports located on the sides of the truss. One of the corners of the truss also has a spherical support, one is cylindrical. The Maxwell—Mohr formula is used to calculate the deflection of the vertex. The analysis of sequences of coefficients in solutions for individual trusses with different numbers of panels yields expressions for common terms included in the desired calculation formula. Results. Formulas for the dependence of the deflections of the truss on the number of panels for a vertical load evenly distributed over the nodes of the truss and a horizontal wind load applied to one of the sides of the structure are obtained. The solutions have a simple polynomial form. The curves of the dependence of the horizontal displacement of the dome top on the number of panels reveal a minimum. Asymptotics of the solutions is identified. Conclusions. A scheme of a statically determinate symmetric spatial dome is developed and its mathematical model is constructed, allowing analytical solutions with an arbitrary number of panels. The identified dependencies can be used both to evaluate the accuracy of numerical solutions and to find optimal combinations of structural dimensions in terms of rigidity.

The weather diary of Georg Christoph Eimmart for Nuremberg, 1695–1704

Abstract. Data from weather diaries have long been used to reconstruct past climate. However, they could also be used to reconstruct past weather. Weather reconstructions could help us to better understand the mechanisms behind, and impacts of, climatic changes. However, reconstructing the day-to-day weather requires many diaries from different regions covering the same period, ideally combined with instrumental measurements. In this paper, I describe the weather diary of Georg Christoph Eimmart from Nuremberg, covering the period 1695 to 1704, which was particularly cold in Europe. The diary was imaged from the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg and then digitized. It contains twice-daily weather conditions in symbolic form, wind direction details, and information on precipitation and temperature in text form. Symbols changed during the first 2 years, after which a much-reduced (and stable) set of symbols was used. Re-coding all days according to the later set of symbols, I find no signs of inconsistency over time in symbols, wind direction, and precipitation information extracted from the text. Comparisons with other sources confirm the day-to-day weather information in the diary. For instance, the wind direction in Nuremberg agrees with the daily pressure gradient between Jena and Paris. Three case studies further confirm the meteorological reliability of the information. This is shown on behalf of an 8 d sequence of stormy weather in 1702, a study of the severe winter of 1697/98, and a study of the summer of 1695, which was cold and wet, possibly related to tropical volcanic eruptions. The examples underline the consistency of the weather diary with other information and suggest that weather reconstructions as far back as the late 17th century might become possible. However, the spatial information is limited, and any approach arguably needs to make good use of the temporal sequence of information.

Profil Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Konten Aljabar Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are vital skills that must be possessed. HOTS is a cognitive process that includes the levels of analyze (C4), evaluate (C5), and create (C6). The government's effort to improve HOTS is by promoting AKM. One of the factors that affect thinking skills is cognitive style. In mathematics, abstract ideas are often represented in the form of visual and verbal symbols. A Cognitive style that is associated with differences in visual and verbal reception of information is known as the visualizer-verbalizer cognitive style. This study is descriptive-qualitative research that aims to describe the profile of higher-order thinking skills of JHS students in solving AKM problems algebra content in terms of visualizer and verbalizer's cognitive style. The subjects of this study consisted of 2 students of grade IX with each visualizer and verbalizer student who had equal mathematical ability and the same gender. Research data collection techniques with AGK, AKM question tests, and interviews. Results of this study show that HOTS of visualizer at the analyze stage (C4) can identify any information that connected to solve the problem by first imagining the picture of the problem. At the evaluate stage (C5), carry out the process of checking and critiquing to make decisions. And at the create stage (C6), can make a hypothesis based on the result imagined in mind, then make a plan and implement it to obtain results. While verbalizer at the analyze stage (C4) can identify the information presented in the text that connected to solve the problem but less accurate in reading graphs. At the evaluate stage (C5), doesn't check the examination process but immediately makes a decision. And at the create stage (C6), can make a hypothesis based on their thinking then make a plan and implement it to obtain results that match with criteria.

LEXICAL, PHRASEOLOGICAL AND STYLISTIC MEANS OF SPEECH OBJECTIFICATION OF THE MILITARY CONCEPT(BASED ON ENGLISH MILITARY VOCABULARY AND PHRASEOLOGY)

The article deals with the functional-semantic parameters and pragmatic-expressive specificity of the formation and functioning of military jargonisms - lexical-phraseological symbolic forms of objectification of the MILITARY concept. Expressive-evaluative and figurative motivation of connotative meanings on the basis of variation with various phonosemantic associations, humorous-ironic reinterpretation of the meanings of military abbreviations, formal-content compression of components, as well as various formal-structural euphemistic substitutions ensures the formation and use along with expressive-neutral terms stylistically marked signs, which diversify the specific picture of world perception in a functionally branched collective of military personnel.
 Any professional language subsystem, in particular, a military one, is a rather specific form of language reproduction, which has a military orientation, and therefore is used mainly in the field of communication of military personnel. Its least standardized component is the lexical subsystem, which has a field character, which means that its structure is organized by analogy with the field, in which there is a center (the core - a system of terms and symbols) and a periphery (here we can include all other lexemes and substandard vocabulary ). Military vocabulary is an accumulation of language units that are united by a common meaning and reflect the substantive, conceptual and functional similarity of the nomen that they mean or denote.
 The unified nature of language norms postulates the situational use of nomination signs, the consistency of the rules of their discursive implementation. The spontaneity and logical surprise of the operative speech reaction that arises in the process of developing social interaction gives rise to rethinking, reinterpretation and formal restructuring of generally accepted, conventional linguistic units.

The Layers of Aesthetic Experience: A Comparison Between Fritz Kaufmann and Ernst Cassirer

ABSTRACTThe article compares Fritz Kaufmann and Ernst Cassirer’s conceptions of aesthetics, focusing in particular on their characterisation of the experience of apprehension of art objects. Firstly, analysing Kaufmann’s early investigation of the experience of the reception of art images and Cassirer’s observations on art as a symbolic form, it argues that the two philosophers conceptualise the reception of art objects in a similar way, as an experience structured across different layers of meaning constitution that are based on specific functions of consciousness.While these similarities seem to suggest a convergence between Kaufmann’s early phenomenological reflections and Cassirer’s revised Marburg Neo-Kantianism, an account of Kaufmann’s direct confrontation with Cassirer shows that there remain profound differences regarding their final understanding of the aims of their philosophical inquiries as well as of the epistemological premises of their approaches. These differences become clearer in Kaufmann’s later reflections where he articulates the implications of his interpretation of transcendental phenomenology, stressing in particular the role of eidetic reduction.

WEB APPLICATION METHOD "3D EMOTION COMPOSITION IN SUPERVISION" APPROBATION

The global pandemic has accelerated the development of the digital environment, face-to-face work is transferred online, so it is important to create tools adapted to the digital environment. The emergency of Covid-19 has raised the demand for online supervision. In supervision sessions, it is important to talk about experiencing emotions in a professional environment. Latvia lacks digital methods for working with emotions in supervision. The aim of the study was to adapt the 3DEC method, to create it as a web application for use in remote supervision and to approbate the web application "3D emotion composition in supervision" in individual online supervisions. The original method 3DEC is intended for the evaluation of emotional experience in the practice of art therapists (Lejstrauta, 2021; Vanadziņa, 2021). The theoretical basis of the 3DEC method is integrative and includes the following principles: visual representation of emotions in a visible symbolic form; play and play space (Winnicot, 2007); distancing as one of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Powers LaBar, 2019). 3DEC is also based on the Adaptive Coping with Emotions Model (ACE Model) (Berking Whitley, 2014). The adapted method “3D composition of emotions in supervision” (3DECS) is intended for work in online supervision with the aim to promote awareness of emotions, their understanding and self–reflection. Using distancing and view of other perspectives, the method helps the client to reflect and become aware of emotional experiences, as well as provides an educational function about the meaning of emotions. The 3DECS method develops emotional awareness and adaptive emotion regulation skills. Main results: 1) the web application has been tested and is designed to work with emotions in supervision; 2) the data of the approbation stage show that the web application is sufficiently simple and intuitive; 3) the web application is secure because no information about the customer and the customer's actions in the tool is stored; 4) there are no restrictions on the use of the web application in relation to the duration of the cooperation between the supervisor and the supervision client.

Looking with liquid: an exploration of the use of water in art psychotherapy in light of infant observation

This paper compares two strikingly different uses of water. The first by an adolescent young man on the autistic spectrum, in an art psychotherapy session; the second, by an ordinary developing toddler, observed at home. It uses insights gleaned from psychoanalytic infant observation to illuminate the seemingly enigmatic behaviours found in clinical practice. In doing so, it delineates the centrality of joint visual attention in the development of symbol formation. Understanding is advanced by making evident that water may be used to either enable or inhibit this process. As such, it argues that the phenomenon of liquidity be given greater consideration. Further, it critically champions for the inclusion of infant observation in art psychotherapy training.

Students' mathematical representation ability in terms of field dependent and field independent cognitive styles of Quadrilateral Flat material

Eld-independent cognitive styles in solving problems on rectangular shape material. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely by interpreting data with the stages of image analysis, interviews, observation, and documentation. The subject of this study was taken by purposive sampling after carrying out the GEFT test in class V where 4 samples were taken based on field dependent and field independent cognitive styles. The instruments prepared in this study were GEFT test questions and mathematical representation questions. From the results of this study it shows that: 1) students who have a field dependent cognitive style carry out mathematical representations visually students are not always able to make pictures and symbols of a problem and in mathematical expression students can make mathematical models and can perform calculations according to what has been taught by the teacher accurately or always think globally without making new discoveries and in written expression students are less able to make solutions in logical and systematic written words. 2) students who have a field independent cognitive style make mathematical representations in solving problems with visualization stages can understand the problem and change it in the form of images and symbols in accordance with the problems that are understood and in mathematical expression students and can make plans for solving with mathematical models and can carry out calculations in their own way in accordance with their experience which is considered fast average in written expression students are able to express solutions in written words in a systematic and logical manner.

Representations of the past in the poetry of Khuzayl Al-Majid.

The study focuses on how the poet Khaz’al Al-Majidi invokes history and represents it in his poetic texts. Mythology was one of the most important topics that took up a large space in his poetry, using it to indicate present-day events. He used it in the form of symbols that the poet employed appropriately. Other representations include his invocation of Arab and Western literary figures (Abu Al-Ala Al-Maari and Al-Mutanabbi), (Arthur Rimbaud and Eliot). Through these poets, the poet draws inspiration from the similarities between the past and the reality of the age and its circumstances, whether negative or positive. Their inclusion also helped to enrich the text and illuminate its dark corners.

Sub-alterities: schooling in Southern Italy

The article analyses the circularity of symbolic and structural forms of domination, feeding the field of expertise, and the school field in a country such as Italy, historically characterised by a deep divide between north and south; this led to the emergence of the so-called Southern Question. We aim to bring into the international debate the existence of a South in a European country which is usually and univocally considered to belong to the North. The analysis is structured around two main interconnected dimensions: 1) the macro-dimension of knowledge production where we show how, when analysing the experience of schooling, if the structure of the field itself and its logic of domination are not challenged, any critical epistemological discourse is destined to become a form of structural complicity with the intrinsic logic of the academic field; 2) the micro-dimension of school experience: schools, families and students engage and participate in the educational field, are part of it, adhere to its rules of play and struggle to ‘exist’ in its interstices.