Symbolic Form Research Articles

Specificity of European Theatre Directing of the Flemish Wave: Metaphorical Images Luk Perceval

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the creative activity of one of the leading representatives of theatre directing of the "Flemish wave" Luk Perceval. Research methodology. The analytical method, the method of typological, art history, genre-stylistic, and figurative-stylistic analysis was used, thanks to which the author's approaches and the methodology of L. Perceval's direction were revealed and structured, as well as the method of theoretical generalisation. Scientific novelty. The creative activity of one of the leading directors of the European theatre at the end of the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st century was studied. L. Perceval; the aesthetics of L. Perceval's theatrical direction are analysed through the prism of the concept of post-dramatic theatre; metaphorical images and their place in the visual text of the play are considered, using the example of the productions of "Othello" by W. Shakespeare and "Black-Yellow-Red Trilogy: Journey to the European Heart of Darkness" (alternative name "Belgium Sorrow") by S. Khin. Conclusions. Theatrical direction of L. Perceval, whose artistic thinking was formed in the atmosphere of Flemish theatre culture and reflects all its features, is characterised by an active search for exquisite symbolic forms of the embodiment of the highest unity of all living things. The director interprets modernity through the prism of the past, makes an attempt to highlight the deep contradictions of the modern socio-cultural space in the process of creating a system of creative reflections, the complex play of aesthetics of modern post-dramatic theatre and generalising various cultural layers and topics relevant to people of the 21st century in comprehensive metaphors. L. Perceval comprehends the problems of place and time, nature, life, freedom, independence, the complexities of life and natural contradictions, phenomena and tragedies that strike a person. The director expresses his own attitude, inner experiences and deep feelings with the help of metaphorical symbols that make up the essence of his creative manner. A feature of L. Perceval's directorial vocabulary is the search for metaphorical ways of stage expression of the complex psychological content of productions, in the process of researching the main contradictions of the human personality, which enhance the plasticity of the updated minimalist stage space of the performance. Keywords: Luk Perceval, European theatre direction, "Flemish wave", post-dramatic theatre, metaphorical images.

Algebraic Thinking Profile of Junior High School Students with Reflective Cognitive Style in Solving Mathematics Problems

The differences in algebraic thinking when solving problems are determined by the characteristics of students. One of the distinguishing characteristics is cognitive style. The aim of this study was to describe the algebraic thinking profile of students who have reflective cognitive styles in solving math problems. This research is descriptive qualitative research, focusing grade 8 junior high school students with reflective cognitive style. Data collection methods using tests and interviews. This study used three types of tests, the Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT) to determine students' cognitive style, the Mathematics Ability Test (AMT) to measure students' mathematical abilities, and the Problem-Solving Test (PST) to obtain data related to students' algebraic thinking profile in solving math problems. Data analysis is conducted in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the algebraic thinking of students with reflective cognitive style in solving problems meets the three aspects of algebraic thinking indicators, namely performing activities to generalize the pattern and determine the next term of the given pattern, represent and compare data in tabular form, and understand the meaning of variables and use variables in the form of letters or symbols as a representation of something unknown value in algebraic form. Students with a Reflective Cognitive Style in solving problems can understand the problems given well, be careful and thorough in writing the steps of completion, straightforward and coherent in answering questions so that the answers given tend to be correct.

Morphogenesis of symbolic forms: a synthesizing formulation

Abstract The publication of Wolfgang Wildgen’s Morphogenesis of Symbolic Forms: Meaning in Music, Art, Religion and Language is an opportune moment to reflect on the author’s extensive contributions to a dynamic semiotics, founded on catastrophe theory. Bringing together a number of investigations on a number of Cassirer-like “symbolic forms” like music, visual art, myth/religion and language, Wildgen provides an overarching system to weigh the semiotic resources of each of these bodies of knowledge as they contribute to the semiogenesis of the species. By comparing sensorial capacities, Wildgen helps us understand how and when a symbolic form can grow at all. Chapters devoted to each form explore their unique way of organizing knowledge. Using catastrophe primitives, Wildgen both bonds symbolic forms together while at the same time preserving Cassirer’s Enlightenment interest in evolution and the way in which new semiotic capacities grow and others can be discarded. The review ends with a consideration of the humanist’s misunderstanding of mathematical and natural science insights like Wildgen’s and explains how its rich results are to be utilized.

Strategi Keterampilan Penguatan Guru dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Anak Usia Dini

This research aims to see the results of implementing strengthening Islamic religious education learning with a strategy of strengthening teacher skills in learning Islamic religious education for early childhood at Pertiwi 1 Kindergarten, Bengkulu City. The method used is a qualitative descriptive research method, while the type of data used in this research is through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the strategy for strengthening teacher skills in Islamic religious education learning uses Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory. Teachers provide verbal reinforcement in using words and sentences to praise, encourage, motivate, persuade, advise and reprimand children. Meanwhile, nonverbal reinforcement takes the form of gestures, touching, approaching, giving signs or symbols, and through Islamic religious education learning activities. This research proves that the implementation of teacher strengthening skills in learning Islamic religious education in early childhood is contained in the RPPH and teaching modules which are carried out by providing verbal reinforcement in using words and sentences, while non-verbal is in the form of gestures, touching, approaching, giving signs or symbols, and through activities for children so that children will be motivated in the good things they do.
 
 Keywords: Early Childhood, Reinforcement Skills, Islamic Education.

Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Beam-Reinforced Thin Plates Using the Methodology of Groebner Bases

This paper illustrates the utility of the methodology of Groebner bases computations combined with the energy method in the analysis of geometric nonlinear beam-reinforced thin rectangular isotropic plates (BRP) for modeling rectangular duct system deflections under internal positive pressure. The governing integro-partial differential equation is derived based on Kirchhoff/von Karman plate theory. With Rayleigh/Ritz methodology, a system of coupled polynomial algebraic equations is generated by using the exact solution of the BRP plate from linear analysis as a shape function. Then Groebner basis methodology is employed to decouple these equations. Under certain conditions, an analytical expression for the lateral displacements of the BRP plate under pressure can be obtained in a fully symbolic form, in terms of such parameters as geometric and material properties of the beams and panels. The analytical solutions have been compared with the results using the finite element software, ANSYS. The comparative study indicates that for commonly used duct panels with the aspect ratio (L:W) less than 1:4, the analytical solutions for displacements are in very close agreement. Finally, the study is found to be a unique alternative, worthy of further investigation, and potentially effective in the analysis of similar problems occurring in a variety of engineering applications.

Cassirer's concept of a symbolic form reconsidered

AbstractIn the first two sections of the following remarks, I will establish a working definition of Cassirer's concept of a symbolic form. Symbolic forms are primarily forms of expression (1). Furthermore, they must be conceived as forms of world‐disclosure and forms of mind and spirit (2). Finally, I will highlight the key elements of Cassirer's analysis of the practical dimension of symbolic forms (3). I argue that a reconsideration of the concept of a symbolic form will naturally let the philosophy of symbolic forms adopt the shape of a critical theory of society.

Nature, human and local beliefs as inspirations for the forms, functions, and meanings of several symbols on traditional houses in Gurusina Adat Village, Ngada Regency

The traditional village of Gurusina is located in the Jerebu'u District, Ngada Regency, Flores, and is inhabited by three major tribes, namely Ago Ka’e, Ago Azi, and Kabe. The traditional houses in the Gurusina village are rich in traditional symbols originating from the traditions of its resident tribes. A fire incident that occurred in August 2018 resulted in the destruction of several traditional houses and the disappearance of symbols that had been preserved for generations. The purpose of this article is to find inspiration from the traditional symbols on the traditional houses in Gurusina village. The research method used is Ethnographic Research, where the researcher approaches the subject qualitatively to discover inspiration or foundations for the emergence of the form, function, and meaning of these symbols. The findings reveal that the symbols on the traditional houses in Gurusina village are inspired by flora, fauna, human and local beliefs. This means that the surrounding nature, human and local beliefs are the primary inspiration for the function, form, and meaning of the traditional symbols in the Gurusina village. This research theme is interesting for further investigation to understand and preserve traditional symbols in Indonesia.

Makna Hari Akhir dalam QS. al-Haqqah Perspektif Semiotika Analitis Charles Sanders Pierce

This writing aims to examine the meaning of the Day of Judgment in Surah Al-Haqqah and analyze the vocabulary within it through the semiotics of Charles Sanders Pierce. Pierce's semiotics divides signs based on their relationship between the representamen and the object into three categories: icon, index, and symbol. Surah Al-Haqqah depicts a horrifying and tense atmosphere for those who are disobedient in this world. The depiction of human deeds, both good and bad, is evident. No creature can hide from Him. This research adopts a qualitative approach. The results of the analysis in this study are as follows: out of the fifty-two verses in Surah Al-Haqqah, there are six quoted icons related to the Day of Judgment. Secondly, there are ten scattered indexical quotes within Surah Al-Haqqah. Thirdly, out of the fifty-two verses in Surah Al-Haqqah, the most frequently found signs in the form of symbols, amounting to seventeen verses.

Journey of Violence: Refugee Women’s Experiences Across Three Stages and Places

This article examines violence experienced by refugee women across three distinct (geographic and symbolic) stages and places: in their countries of origin, during the displacement journey, and in the country of asylum. Drawing from a criminological and gender perspective, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with refugee women, 14 women were from the Middle East, and 10 women were from Africa, currently residing in Portugal. This study focused on understanding the individual dimensions that provide insight into women’s meanings, intersubjective constructions, and perceptions of their refugee process, using the narrative paradigm. Grounded theory and abduction approaches were used to focus on participants’ active construction of meaning. The research highlights that individual memories of harm and suffering among refugee women are profoundly influenced by encounters with gendered, structural, and symbolic forms of violence. The article presents a three-part analysis of women’s violence narratives, shedding light on their processes of becoming refugees.

SEMIOTIKA DALAM TARI : STUDI KASUS TARI DOLALAK

Dolalak Dance is a dance themed around the joy of Dutch soldiers. Dolalak Dance serves as a sign that displays specific meanings perceived by the community as a sign that interprets symbolic meanings. The Dolalak Budi Santoso group also offers symbolic meanings in their performance. The purpose of this research is to understand the semiotics of the Dolalak Dance performance in Kaliharjo Village, Purworejo Regency. This research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, semiotic approach, and etic-emic approach. The main focus of this research is to explore the symbolic meanings of a performance through a semiotic approach. With a semiotic approach, the Dolalak performance is placed as a sign and understood as a signifier by the community. Data validity is ensured through triangulation technique. Data analysis involves description and interpretation techniques. The results of this research show that the semiotics of Dolalak Dance can be seen through symbolic meanings in the form of presentational symbols and discursive symbols within the elements of the performance. Dolalak Dance presents presentational symbols through visual and auditory elements depicting the joy and agility of Dutch soldiers. The discursive symbols of Dolalak Dance are revealed through non-iconic elements of the performance, representing values of goodness and life. In conclusion, the semiotics of Dolalak Dance manifest in the symbolic meanings that arise from the perception of individuals or the community towards the form of the Dolalak Dance performance

The history and current situation of the Hmong writing system

The Hmong, or Miao, is a worldwide ethnic group. The Hmong writing system has developed over the centuries, with different writings produced successively in different historical periods. This study analyses several typical Hmong writing systems from a philological perspective and discusses the impact of history and human planning activities on creating and developing writing systems. The findings show the following. (1) The font of Hmong writing includes graphic style and stroke style, and the glyph of Xiangxi Square Writing has been squared. Some Hmong writing systems use the letter as a symbolic form, the syllable as a language unit and the phonetic expression as an expression method. (2) Social background and language planning activities were significant factors that influenced the creation and development of Hmong writing forms and structures. Analysing the Hmong writing system from a philological perspective is a significant reference for future Hmong language research and world language study. Exploring the factors affecting the development of the Hmong writing system is of great significance for protecting Hmong culture and the diversity of world civilizations.

Analysis of Buying Decision Making in the Non-Subsidized Fuel Market in Indonesia Using a Soft Sets Approach

The non-subsidized fuel market in Indonesia is very unique, because many world players who are successful in their own countries and successful in other countries fail in Indonesia. One example is that Petronas, which was successful in Malaysia and other Asean countries, has failed in Indonesia. An interesting phenomenon is that BP, in its marketing, cooperates with local player AKR in marketing its products against Pertamina's heavy players. This article will analyze consumers' buying decisions for non-subsidized fuel based on N-Soft Sets, where the object to be analyzed is in the form of non-subsidized fuel brands in Indonesia with the parameters measured being price, quality, location, brand and loyalty. The algorithm that will be used is the Extended Weight Choice Values Algorithm with a single decision type, namely the decision to buy non-subsidized fuel. Weighting of the parameters will be given according to the hierarchy of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy theory, starting from the lowest are physiological needs, security needs, social needs, ego needs and self-actualization needs as the highest level, and Marketing Mix Theory. By implementing N-Soft Sets, it can overcome problems in decision making both in binary and non-binary form so that decision making can be determined in the form of numbers, words or symbols and other forms. A deeper discussion regarding the decision to purchase non-subsidized fuel markets will be able to provide a reference for how consumers choose products for unique markets so that they can be used as a reference when entering a unique market.

The Relationship between Multiple Representational Skills and Understanding of Physics Concepts in the Pre-Service Science Teacher

The concept of physics has various representations that must be mastered by the Pre-Service Science Teacher (PSST). It is not uncommon for PSST to have poor multiple representation skills, impacting the delivery of concepts in school. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the profile of multiple representation skills and their relation to understanding the concept of PSST Physics. The representations studied include verbal, visual, symbolic, and mathematical forms. Eleven PSST became respondents in the study. Multiple representation and conception measurements use instruments with a three-tier item format containing content, argumentation, and confidence levels. Student responses are analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and quantitatively. The findings of this study are: 1) 18% of PSST belong to the concept understanding, 27% experienced misconceptions, and the rest (55%) were classified as not knowing the concept or responding by guessing; 2) the highest representation format mastered by students is the visual representation, and the lowest is the mathematical representation; and 3) the ability to multiple representations and understand physics concepts has a significant and perfect correlation with a Pearson Correlation of 0.847. This research implies that learning for PSST can emphasize multiple representation abilities as it affects their understanding of concepts.

Implementation of the Value of Regional Unity through Effective Communication to the Young Generation in Improving the National Resilience of the Republic of Indonesia

The young generation as the backbone of the nation must realize the various challenges and threats to the nation and then unite and work together to maintain the safety of the nation and state. This should be realized by various parties in Indonesia. It should be taken into consideration to maximize the role of the youth as the generation that will carry the safety of this nation.In the process of conveying knowledge ideas and messages of national insight, the right approach technique is needed. In the communication strategy, the content of the message certainly determines the effectiveness of communication. With this, it is very important to be able to communicate effectively through a communication design that is seriously engineered as a panacea for the young generation's mentality of love for their homeland. In addition, many factors influence the communication process to be successful, so that conveying national insight becomes more interesting both verbally and non-verbally. Among other things, by involving language that is easily understood by the younger generation through facial expressions and vocalizations that arouse enthusiasm to listen to the messages conveyed, which are complemented by forms of games, symbols, photos and films. Seeing the lessons that can be learned from other nations that movies are very effective for spreading nationalism. can initiate patriotic themes that are in accordance with the development of the current era. Cooperation with producers and creative workers can be considered to develop ideas that are of interest to the Indonesian audience.

Women Struggle for Workers' Rights in Radical and Moderate Feminist Media

Aims: This study sought to take a closer look at how a message and theme are presented by two online feminist alternative media considered to have distinct styles, namely Konde.co which is Radical and Magdalene.co which is Moderate, sincethe text in the news contains a powerful ability to influence the public’s views towards existing reality. 
 Study Design: This study used quantitative text analysis.
 Place and Duration of Study: 35 articles that are relevant to the topic were taken as research material, with a publication period between April 1, 2019 –May 31, 2023. This period was chosen due to the nuance of Labor Day where many working women voiced their aspirations at that moment
 Methodology: Content analysis is an important research method in social sciences and human sciences. This method has two key advantages. First, it accepts symbolic communications, which are relatively unstructured, as data. It means that content analysis can accept data in the form of text, images, or other symbols, even if they lack clear formal structures.
 Results: Text in the news is very effective in shaping public perceptions of existing reality. In the context of news, text functions as a representation of communication. Through words, sentences and writing styles, text in news can shape how readers perceive and judge reality. In addition, text as a symbol has the ability to convey meaning that seeps into people's feelings or emotions. The massive scale of developments in information technology makes it easier for people to access text in the news. It is also utilized by certain groups to disseminate information using their media. As a result, media have grown healthily in Indonesia.
 Conclusion: It is clear from this study that Konde.co and Magdalene.co, among others, fill the role of alternative media in voicing women's issues, especially working women. Konde.co is aggressively voicing the issue of female workers using radical language and diction. Magdalene.co, on the other hand, is consistent in pushing the belief that women deserve the same stability and career path as men.

The Meaning of Wayang Wong Ramayana at Taman Pule Temple, Mas Village As An Inspiration for Painting

This independent study TA thesis raises the theme of the Meaning of Wayang Wong Ramayana at Taman Pule Mas Village temple as a source of painting creation. Departing from an illustration idea of Wayang Wong Ramayana and the procession carried out by the local community has a very deep meaning both from the Wayang Wong itself and at the time. ritual procession is performed. From this it sparked the author's desire to raise the meaning of Wayang Wong by combining certain techniques and references to achieve the desired meaning. The problem faced is how to visualize the meaning and techniques used in the embodiment of the work so that it looks attractive. The purpose and benefits of this creation are that first, in general, the author wants to embody the meaning of Wayang Wong Ramayana at Taman Pule Mas Village temple into painting, and to be able to embody the meaning or values of Wayang Wong in a symbolic form that reflects the identity of the author.To answer what is the goal in creating this work, the method used by the author in realizing this method is by exploring, improvising, forming, and finalizing the process and combining it with ideas to create 6 works. In realizing the author's work using several references related to techniques from the works of other artists, it is then processed according to the needs of the author to support the meaning to be conveyed and can produce quality work and become the identity of the author.

Migration, Marriage Rituals and Contemporary Cosmopolitanism in Urban Zambia

ABSTRACT Different types of rituals to contract marriage have developed in urban Zambia that combine customary girl’s initiation and marriage rituals with novel forms of ritual performances. The participants bring into being in symbolic forms different ‘tribes’ and traditions, which they compare, contrast, and connect. They construe a virtual reality of multiplicity of traditions; categories for interaction on which actual relations may be formed. These ritual practices are analysed within perspectives on cosmopolitanism as processes of meaning-making and is an attempt to connect pluralist perspectives on cosmopolitanism as relations between diverse cultures with universalist perspectives that search for forms of interaction between humans that do not entail prior classifications such as tribe, nation, or class.

GENRE-PLOT TYPOLOGY OF INTERIOR DECORATIVE PAINTING IN CHINESE PAINTING OF THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY

The article is devoted to Chinese decorative painting of the beginning of the 21st century. The purpose of the article is the genre-plot typology of the interior decorative painting in Chinese painting of the beginning of the 21st century. It is indicated that the actualization of the problem of the development of interior decorative painting was due to the dynamic urbanization of China, the improvement of the living conditions of ordinary citizens of the country since the beginning of the 21st century. The author examines the state of Chinese and foreign scientific discourse on the mentioned problem. The research methodology is based on the use of both general scientific methods of analysis and special art-scientific ones, namely: the method of morphological typology and the method of analyzing symbolic artistic forms. The given genre-plot typology of the interior decorative painting in Chinese painting of the beginning of the 21st century showed that the problematization of the genre typology of this art branch should take into account both the genre level of the canonical system of Chinese painting and the genre thesaurus of the non-canonical system of decorative painting. These are the so-called “hybrid genres”, which are the result of the use of a fairly diverse global genre thesaurus. The article proves that the plot typology= of modern Chinese interior decorative painting is based on the deep mechanisms of symbolization in the narrative structures of pictorial art forms, which are decisive both for the national artistic and cultural heritage and for modern Chinese decorative painting. The basis of such a typology is the system of “benevolent” ornament, which has been developed in China for thousands of years. In the course of the analysis, several types of plots, which are currently actively produced by artists for the design of private and public interior spaces, were identified, namely: mythological and religious plots, historical plots and genre plots, which also include the so-called “landscape narrative”. The research opens the perspective of studying the festive decorative painting and its genre-plot typology, as well as the compositional and color solution of the decorative painting in Chinese painting of the beginning of the 21st century.

L’ombre est tombée sur le corps : Georges Perec

ObjectivesThis article delves into an understanding of the figures of the body in the creative process of Georges Perec's autobiographical work, “W or the Memory of Childhood,” as well as “A Man Asleep.” It seeks to examine how the shadow of Perec's parents, who disappeared during his early childhood, cast itself upon his body and his writing, resonating with Freud's famous expression to define melancholy: “the shadow of the object has fallen upon the ego.” Drawing inspiration from Didier Anzieu's work on the “Body of the Work,” this article aims to define the role played by the shadow of the object that falls upon the body in the creative process of contemporary works. Additionally, it aims to explore an interpretative key for Perec's work and creative processes in general. This exploration takes place in light of the evolving paradigms of current psychoanalytic interpretation, focusing on the crucial representation of the object's absence, as opposed to other modes of interpretation. MethodologyThe method employed for “listening” to literary texts draws inspiration from clinical psychoanalysis. This article proposes an examination of “W or the Memory of Childhood” and “A Man Asleep” through the lens of psychoanalytic practice with patients who, like Perec, claim to lack childhood memories and show signs of being marked by significant losses and/or traumas during their early years. Contemporary clinical practice often encounters states of subjective withdrawal that numerous forms of contemporary art attempt to represent. The interaction between a psychoanalytic approach to Perec's work and psychoanalytic clinical work can shed light on certain particularities of the creative process. The focus will be on listening to the sensory impressions conveyed in the text and the writer's associations stemming from his bodily experiences as a child. ResultsThis contribution puts forth the hypothesis of the role played in the creative process by incorporative identification. The shadow of Perec's parents’ bodies is particularly evident in the autobiographical fiction of “W,” where the writing portrays a body fragmented into shattered islands – memories and body parts crushed, wrecked, and petrified. These enigmatic traces of object presence gradually gain coherence as we progress in our reading. According to this perspective, the writing is unconsciously driven to “disincorporate,” so to speak, the petrified objects within the writer, attempting to emerge from psychic petrification. In “A Man Asleep,” another autobiographical fiction related to the author's late adolescence, the shadow of what did not take place with the object inhabits the narrative. This text encourages the psychoanalyst, particularly in clinical practice with patients suffering from chronic depression, to try to release the patients from melancholic incorporations, enabling them to break free from petrification and revitalize their psychic life. In the creative process of Perec's two books, as well as in listening to patients with borderline issues, the aim is to identify a form of associativity in the sequence of hallucinated sensations, much like the formal signifiers that stem from primary forms of symbolization. These signifiers somehow narrate the initial modalities of the relationship with the object. DiscussionThis analysis of the creative process based on the figures of the body and the role played by incorporative identifications opens up a discussion on a psychoanalytic approach centered around the theorization of the symbolization of absence in the therapeutic process, specifically in the presence/absence of the analyst. This approach could facilitate the process of mourning the mother. ConclusionGeorges Perec's autobiographical work resonates with the analytical listening to certain patients who also claim to have no childhood memories. One way of listening to experiences of blankness, erasure, or annihilation, with zones of withdrawal from subjectivity, involves paying attention to how the shadow of the object has fallen upon the patient's body. The analytical work consists of attempting to weave together disparate bodily experiences with fragments of memories related to the object, essentially recontextualizing sensory impressions within the history of the patient's early attachments to objects. The dynamics of the creative act, both in writing and in therapy, thus involve an internal constraint to give form and meaning to traumatic experiences rooted in the body.

Generalizing the Gurson model using symbolic regression and transfer learning to relax inherent assumptions

To generate material models with fewer limiting assumptions while maintaining closed-form, interpretable solutions, we propose using genetic programming based symbolic regression (GPSR), a machine learning (ML) approach that describes data using free-form symbolic expressions. To maximize interpretability, we start from an analytical, derived material model, the Gurson model for porous ductile metals, and systematically relax inherent assumptions made in its derivation to understand each assumption’s contribution to the GPSR model forms. We incorporate transfer learning methods into the GPSR training process to increase GPSR efficiency and generate models that abide by known mechanics of the system. The results show that regularizing the GPSR fitness function is critical for generating physically valid models and illustrate how GPSR allows a high level of interpretability compared with other ML approaches. The method of systematic assumption relaxation allows the generation of models that address limiting assumptions found in the Gurson model, and the symbolic forms allow conjecture of decreased material strength due to void interaction and non-symmetric void shapes.