Support In Ukraine Research Articles

Russia’s War against Ukraine and Its Impact on Regional and Global Processes

The article analyses the impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on regional and global processes. The emphasis is placed on Ukraine’s ongoing national liberation war as an opportunity for the final liberation of national consciousness from the vestiges of the Stalinist administrative-political system of the ex-Soviet empire, and the eradication of anti-state (primarily pro-russian) political forces. There is a chance for self-affirmation of Ukrainian identity in the international arena as a politically monolithic state entity with Euro-Atlantic values based on science-intensive and high-tech potential. The study reveals that the russian-Ukrainian war demonstrated the flaws of the European security system, the miscalculations of the leaders of NATO countries, leading European politicians, and the weakening of the security situation on the continent. The author states that the creators of the European security system recognised the mistakes they had made and quickly started working on eliminating previous miscalculations. The foundation of the new international coalition in support of Ukraine was laid by the meeting in Ramstein on 26 April 2022, which showed the determination of allies to invest in the result – the victory of Ukraine. The author highlights the new quality of relations between Ukraine and NATO, which emerged in March–April 2022 as a basic component of the newly created system of European and global security. Moreover, the article demonstrates the fundamental impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on the system of international relations, its security, economic, and trade components, as well as the reformatting of world Orthodoxy amid the discrediting of the russian orthodox church. In general, the security architecture in Europe has radically changed since 24 February 2022. The russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a serious impact on the new perception and new understanding of the Northern European defence community by its members. The post-war, remodelled European security system can no longer be imagined without Ukraine’s multilateral participation in it as a basic element of this system. Keywords: national liberation war, identity, NATO, the architecture of European security

СТАН ТА ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ КРЕДИТУВАННЯ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article discloses the analytical aspects of the crediting and insurance system of agricultural enterprises and the development of proposals for the development of their institutional support in Ukraine. It was determined that credit and financial support under modern conditions plays the most important role in ensuring the development of agrarian business. Credit, as the main financial instrument, forms the prerequisites for business capitalization, stimulates the productivity of agricultural production and is reflected in its ability to implement technical and technological changes and ensure the production of competitive products. The loan can act as an effective tool for increasing the level of technical and technological development, implementation of innovative and technological programs and projects. The trends in the development of bank lending in the financial support of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine in 2015–2022 were considered. The average cost of loans from commercial banks of Ukraine and the volume of lending to agricultural enterprises were evaluated. The dynamics of the volume of concessional lending to agribusiness entities was determined. The shortcomings of the system of institutional support for financial and credit provision of domestic agrarian business have been identified, including the lack of equal access to the market of credit resources; increase in the value of credit resources; lack of effective organizational and economic mortgage lending; unsettledness and length of financial leasing registration procedures; an imperfect mechanism for insurance of borrowers' credit risks; low level of digitalization of insurance services. Prospective directions for improvement of financial and credit relations are substantiated, which are: financing of the chain of creation of agricultural and product value; innovative credit and agricultural scoring; creation and operation of digital credit platforms. It has been established that financial and technical startups that work on a digital basis, provide free access to credit resources and a quick automated assessment of the borrower's credit history appear as a promising direction for attracting temporarily free financial flows to agrarian business.

P2P-кредитування як інноваційний інструмент розвитку кредитного ринку: зарубіжний досвід і можливості для України

In today’s conditions, when small and medium-sized businesses need significant financial investment support in Ukraine, it is P2P plaffers that can act as an effective credit tool that will represent an alternative to existing banks. Over the world, P2P and P2B ecosystems have already been created, standardized and are actively used to stimulate the economy. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign experience in the development of the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) crediting system to isolate and further take into account the possible potentially positive and negative effects of the promotion and distribution of P2P platforms in the financial market in Ukraine. P2P crediting is considered as one of the fastest growing forms of investment without the participation of credit institutions, but which is currently experiencing a legal vacuum due to the lack of special regulations that will establish the legal status, rights, obligations, responsibilities and guarantees of participants in mutual financing. The formation of peer-to-peer crediting in some countries, such as Great Britain, the USA, China, Sweden, Germany, Spain, Estonia, is analyzed. Based on the carried on analysis, it was determined that abroad the P2P crediting system is in the state of constant development. As a result of the study, it was determined that this type of crediting has good prospects for development in Ukraine. The main proposals for accelerating the paces of development of P2P crediting are highlighted as follows: creating a stable and balanced regulatory framework; continuation of work to improve the financial literacy of the population (in terms of awareness of P2P crediting); creation of incentives for cooperation of traditional financial institutions with crowdlanding platforms in order to increase the level of cooperation and interaction of financial market participants.

Діяльність вишеградської групи в розрізі українсько-польських відносин у військовій сфері на сучасному етапі

Проаналізовано форми, методи та діяльність членів Вишеградської групи щодо перспектив співпраці з Україною в розрізі українсько-польських відносин у військовій сфері. Досліджено вплив членів Вишеградської групи на перспективи інтеграції України у Північноатлантичний альянс (далі – НАТО) та Європейський Союз (далі – ЄС).

Статистична оцінка та інформаційне забезпечення аналізу якості життя осіб з інвалідністю в Україні: проблеми та перспективи дослідження.

The article is devoted to the problems of analyzing the quality of life of people with disabilities in Ukraine. Th e purpose of the article is to carry out an objective assessment of the qua lity of life of persons with disabilities, taking into account the existing information support. Proposals are formed for full-fl edged surveys of this category of persons in Ukraine, taking into account the subjective assessment. Th e relevance of the study is due to the lack of suffi cient information support in Ukraine, both at the regional and national level. Th e analysis of persons with disabilities is carried out based on the available database of the State Statistical Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, State Employment Center and the Fund for Social Protection of the Disabled. Th e paper analyzes the dynamics of the number and structure of the causes of disability, access to educational services and the level of emp loyment of people with disabilities. Th e level of provision of persons with disabilities with durable goods that ensure their functioning in society is partially analyzed. Th e impact fac tors on the level of employment of people with disabilities are identifi ed. Th e classical regression method with the help of Statistica soft ware package is used to determine the impact of fac tors on the level of employment of persons with disabilities. Іt was found that the variation of employment of people with disabilities by 28 % depends on their access to higher education, in particular, the access of people with disabilities to higher education of full cycle of study has a greater impact on the level of employment. Th e results of the study showed that in Ukraine there is no comprehensive approach to the study of the socioeconomic profi le of persons with disabilities, which does not allow the formation of eff ective social policy. Th e paper proposes an author’s approach to the subjective assessment of the quality of life of people with disabilities and formulates proposals for assessing all aspects that form the quality of their life.

Features of the modern mechanism of advinistrative and legal regulation in thr security sector of Ukraine

Problem setting. The global instability that currently exists in the world is forcing us to look for new models aimed at improving the economic and political situation within countries. The security sector, in turn, is the main component that ensures the stability and development of the state, and in the global crisis, this industry is becoming significantly more important. Therefore, having the appropriate amount of control, supervisory and organizational and legal powers, public authorities are the primary entities entrusted with ensuring this area of public policy. The purpose of the research is to analyze the managerial influence of public administration bodies on the formation and provision of the security sector of Ukraine. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Despite the significant contribution to the study of regulatory and legal support of the security sector of Ukraine by such scientists as Bodruk O., Duchyminska L., Ezheev M., Kolb O., Ponomarev S. and others, and given the political aggravation both within the country and in the international arena, the frequent violation by countries of their treaty obligations to the international community and other similar problems, further in-depth study of administrative and legal support of Ukraine's security sector and areas for improvement is extremely necessary. Article`s main body. The Law of Ukraine «On National Security of Ukraine» (21.06.2018), the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Operational and Investigative Activities», the Decree of the President of Ukraine «On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine of September 14, 2020» On the National Security Strategy of Ukraine», the Civil Protection Code of Ukraine. A specific source aimed at the development and improvement of national security was the Concept of National Security of Ukraine, but from 19.06.2003 the latter expired because its provisions were reflected in the Law of Ukraine «On National Security of Ukraine». Nevertheless, the issue of the security sector's ability to ensure the country's real security in the relevant scenarios remains quite relevant, emphasizing the lack of a single document that would coordinate the actions and measures of public authorities on the criteria of implementation, type, priorities, goals and objectives, technical component etc. The analysis of the normative base allows to outline the main powers of local governments in matters of security of the territorial community, in turn, the author made a classification of these powers by functional orientation. Conclusions. The study confirms the overall regulatory and legal support of the security sector of Ukraine. This is manifested directly in the presence of a number of regulations, including bylaws, which define the mechanisms, principles, functions and procedures for protection of the population from emergencies, delimit the competence between the subjects in the field of security and defense. The legislator does not pay attention to the models of interaction of public institutions, which need some improvement. The creation of situational centers remains extremely justified.

Development of the constitutional process in Ukraine: realities and prospects

Peculiarities and problems of the process of reforming the main constitutional institutions are studied. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the domestic constitutional process continues throughout the period of formation of an independent, democratic and legal Ukrainian state, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of our civil society. It is stated, that integration from the general philosophical point of view is a process or actions that result in integrity, unification, connection, restoration of unity. The dictionary of foreign words states that integration is the unification of any parts, elements. Integration develops on the basis of the internationalization of the whole civil society, which is accelerated by scientific and technological progress. States, involved in the integration process, share positive experiences. It was found out, that the current stage of state building requires scientific support of Ukraine up to European standards of public life. In the current European integration conditions, modern Ukraine, as never before, needs a correct and reasonable process of adopting a new version of the Basic Law. Since the state power plays a very important role in the transformation of Ukraine into a democratic, strong and integral state, the power of our state must focus its efforts on bringing the constitutional modernization to a certain level and implement it. It is established, that the main criterion for the division of the "constitutional process" into separate types is its essential features. Depending on the scope and practical implementation of the relevant elements of the «constitutional process», its content can be considered in different directions, which were proved above. A significant number of domestic scholars who have devoted their work to the «constitutional process» use this term as a description of the systems of relevant events that took place during a certain period (stages of the process) and preceded or directly were the time of the Constitution of Ukraine

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE: THE CONTEXT OF THE MIDDLE EAST

Conceptual approaches to stimulating trade cooperation of Ukraine and the Middle East countries are investigated. The paper determines the existent potential for furthering cooperation in the region and outlines its main prospects. The current system of institutional support of Ukraine’s foreign trade is analysed. In light of the worsening economic conditions in the world and falling indicators of export potential in Ukraine in 2019 and 2020, development and implementation of institutional support for the strategy of promoting domestic goods on foreign markets and supporting their production becomes a priority. The authors substantiate the main factors that should be taken into account by Ukrainian producers when entering the Middle East markets. An hierarchy of institutional support goals is suggested in terms of Ukraine’s cooperation with the countries of the region in foreign trade.

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The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the legal support of Ukraine in the context of raising capital by banks in international markets. The author determined that the economic crisis in the country is protracted, the capital market in Ukraine remains largely underdeveloped. The state has taken many steps to overcome the economic crisis, identified priority measures, strategic steps to build a sustainable economy, in particular, many efforts have been made to find free funds to attract investment, but this, as practice shows, was not enough. An important step in building a free and competitive state was the adoption of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Community. This document is the largest international legal document in the history of Ukraine and the largest international agreement with a third country ever concluded by the European Union. In accordance with the Program of Integration of Ukraine into the European Union (hereinafter - the Program), approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine � 1072/2000 of 14.09.2000. Synchronization of internal market transformations of changes in the processes of EU enlargement. First of all, it concerns: reform of executive and judicial bodies and cooperation of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine with courts; administrative and territorial reform; formation of the foundations of regional development policy (including legislation on the distribution of competencies, budgets, taxes); completion of privatization (primarily enterprises of strategic importance for the economy and security of the state and banks); reforming the banking sector as a whole. Thus, in particular, a developed capital market is usually seen as a competitor in the commercial banking sector, as they compete for retention and investment opportunities. However, in today�s financial system, there are complementary relationships between the capital market and banks, as they choose different segments of the financial markets and focus on different types of customers. In the process of writing the article came to the following conclusions. The right direction in the reform of the economic sector is to determine the measures of state investment support should be preceded by a detailed analysis of the effect of the benefits and preferences previously granted to economic entities. Establish the legislative level the provision that the minimum amount of public investment should be equal to the amount of all new debt, i.e., the amount of borrowings during the year may not exceed the amount of budget expenditures to finance investments. Introduce the practice of developing and implementing investment incentive packages. Introduce a practice in which the decision on new borrowings is preceded by public information on which projects have already been used to finance the funds and for which purposes (projects) new borrowings are envisaged. Establish strict control over debt activities.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ «ЗЕЛЕНОЇ» ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ

Анотація. Сучасний світ, включаючи високорозвинуті країни, які націлюють значну частину своїх фінансових потоків на нарощення екологічних потужностей з пропагандою та закликом до зупинки процесів глобального потепління, досить відкрито демонструє свою прихильність поповнення і відновлення «зелених» запасів. На сьогодні в системі економічних відносин та фінансового забезпечення розвитку економіки України дедалі більшого значення набуває залучення екологічної складової такого розвитку. При вивченні альтернативних джерел енергії як відносно нового шляху для України встановлено, що розвиток такої енергетики впливає на низку соціально-економічних чинників, зокрема: стан транспорту, навколишнього середовища, безпеки здоров’я і харчування, систему агропромислового господарювання, енергетику тощо. Державне забезпечення, супровід, підтримка і формування загальної стратегії розвитку інвестування в альтернативну енергетику повинні стати пріоритетними напрямами в нарощенні процесів екологізації у країні. Єдиний концептуальний підхід до забезпечення розвитку «зеленої» енергетики є гарантією налагодження механізму забезпечення інвестиційного потенціалу напряму. Для ефективного функціонування відновлюваних джерел енергії (ВДЕ) потрібно привести національне законодавство у відповідність до міжнародних вимог, зокрема до міжнародних актів країн Європейського Союзу. Створення оптимальних гарантій і надання квот для інвесторів. Необхідними умовами розвитку є: розроблення програмного і техніко-технологічного забезпечення не лише генерації, акумулювання та використання, а й накопичення та узагальнення інформації, обліку, аналізу, контролю за витрачанням і реалізацією такої енергії; інноваційно-інвестиційний супровід на рівні поглиблення і розширення наукових досліджень, створення робочих програм, проєктів та груп; інституціональне забезпечення залучення інвестицій у розвиток «зеленої» енергетики, розроблення державної цільової програми розвитку та підтримки ВДЕ. Ключові слова: інвестиції, «зелена» енергетика, відновлювальні джерела енергії, «зелений» тариф, розвиток. Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 1; бібл.: 34.

Mechanisms for ensuring public order protection at the local level in conditions of decentralization of government: EU experience for Ukraine

The aim of the article is to study the experience of the emergence and development of municipal law enforcement agencies, to analyse the current state of local police in European countries. The other aim of the article is to study the development of local police, the state of legal, economic support in Ukraine, to form suggestions for the development of municipal police in Ukraine.The initiated reform of decentralization of power in Ukraine, active development of local self-government, building civil society, creation of united territorial communities, transfer of resources, powers from the central level to local levels in the framework of decentralization and local government reform have necessitated the strengthening role of local self-government. Protection of public order should go together with strengthening of a role of local governments in the spheres of medicine and education, in rendering accessible and qualitative administrative, municipal, social services. An additional condition for the formation of local law enforcement is the connection between the development of local self-government in democracies with the development of local law enforcement.Accordingly, the urgency and need to create municipal police in Ukraine, which is a democratic state, is beyond doubt, as evidenced by the active discussion of this topic, both among officials and the public.The world experience of the emergence and current state of functioning of the municipal police in European countries with democratic political regimes has been analysed in the article. Trends in the development of municipal police in European countries have been identified. The existing world models of financial support of the municipal police have been determined.Domestic approaches to the creation of municipal police have been considered. The current state of development of projects of municipal law enforcement forces, the state of adoption of the regulatory framework for the implementation of the functioning of the municipal guard has been studied. An analysis of problematic aspects of the functioning of the National Police of Ukraine, the state of corruption in Ukraine as a way for possible abuse and use of law enforcement agencies for the interests of certain classes has been made. Based on the experience of European EU member states, recommendations on the organization and definition of sources of funding for municipal law enforcement agencies have been made.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GIVEN THE NATURAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND THE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT OF UKRAINE

Introduction. There is a need to develop fundamentally new theoretical methodological approach that wouldsuccessfully solve the problems of economy and management in the field of government support for agricultural production.Problem Statement. Recommendations in favor of expediency of government support measures for agricultural production are questioned in Ukraine and in other world countries. The importance of agricultural production for the economy of Ukraine and the importance of government support for its development are drivers offurther research.Purpose. The purpose is to substantiate the expediency of government support of agricultural production on the basis of the analysis of natural climatic and production factors to ensure reproduction, efficient use of budget funds, and growth of agricultural production.Materials and Methods. The following methods have been used: monographic, scientific abstraction and constructive (while forming the basics of general methodology); structurally-functional connections (during the study of variational diversity of natural climatic and productive conditions of Ukraine as the main criterion for the creation and functioning of government support for agricultural production); a combination of quantitativeand qualitative analysis (while forming relationships among the cost parameters of the “green”, “yellow”, and “blue boxes”).Results. The situation regarding government support in Ukraine has been analyzed through the prism of natural climatic and productive factors. Ukraine is characterized by a rather large spatial and geographical diversity. To estimate the intensity and trends in the production development, the indicator of agricultural production output has been used.Conclusions. We suggest that as the synthetic soil quality index of regional lands increases, the budget expenditure shall decrease, and vice versa.

Results of a comparative analysis of the dynamics of healthcare expenditure from the GDP of countries, cash payments from families and state expenditures on healthcare in Ukraine, Poland and in the WHO European countries

The aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamics of health expenditures from GDP, cash expenditures of families and public expenditures on health in Ukraine, Poland and the countries of the WHO European Region.
 Materials and methods. The object of the research was the data of the WHO European Office. Historical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, graphic, mathematical-statistical and other research methods were used.
 Research results. It was found that all indicators of the analysis in Ukraine had an unstable character of changes in the years dynamics. Since 1995, Poland and European countries have seen a systematic increase in total health spending (%) of the country's GDP. The indicator of out-of-pocket expenses of families on medical and pharmaceutical support in Ukraine was significantly higher than in Poland and European countries, and its average values ​​in Ukraine were 1.5 times higher than in Poland. In 2014, this indicator reached its maximum (46.2 %) against the background of an increase in government spending (%) of total health spending (from 11.9 % to 12.7 %). In 2014, this indicator exceeded similar values ​​in Poland by 2.0 times and 1.7 times in European countries. In contrast, in Poland, the out-of-pocket expenses of families on medical and pharmaceutical support have been steadily decreasing from 30.0 % to 22.1 %, and since 2010 they have been lower than in European countries. According to government spending as a percentage of total health spending in Europe and Poland, there was a trend towards a gradual increase from 11.0 % to 13.2 % (European countries) and from 8.2 % to 10.7 % (Poland). The corresponding Ukrainian data were higher than in Poland and lower than in European countries (from 10.8 % to 11.4 %). Against the background of the unstable nature of the dynamics of changes in indicators characterizing the participation of the state in financing health care in Ukraine, since 2005, there has been an increase in the cash expenditures of Ukrainian families for relevant needs. As a result of systemic transformations in Poland, on the threshold of its accession to the EU (May 1, 2004), since 2005, there has been a decrease in the out-of-pocket expenditures of families against the background of a slight increase in % of public spending on health care.
 Conclusions. The unstable nature of the dynamics of changes in domestic indicators, in comparison with similar data that was observed in Poland and the countries of the WHO European Region, suggests the need to introduce more decisive actions, which should lead to a reformatting of the role of the state in financing the health system

Теоретико-методологічні підходи до розробки інституціональної моделі фінансового забезпечення аграрного сектору

The purpose of the article is to justify and to highlight basic theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of an institutional model of the agricultural sector financial support in Ukraine, taking into account the current stage of its development. Research methods. In the course of research, a dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as systematic approach to the study of interrelated financial, economic, social and socio-economic phenomena and processes; a monographic method (analysis of scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign researches on problematic issues of institutional theory and institutional modeling); empirical method (concerning the assessment of the current state of institutional support to the agrarian sector). Within the special research methods abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions) was used. Research results. Basic approaches to the establishment of the institutional model of the agrarian sector financial support have been justified. The latest developments in institutional economic theory, with the using an integrated approach to selecting the best organizational and economic mechanisms for financing of economic entities of the sector at the current stage of its development, were taking into account. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and methodological provisions for the establishment of a comprehensive institutional model for the financial support of the agrarian sector in Ukraine have been further developed and the general principles for its development have been formalized. Practical significance. The use of the results obtained will make it possible to develop a balanced institutional model of financial support for the agrarian sector of Ukraine, taking into account current trends in its development. Refs.: 28.

Стан та тенденції розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств на основі приватно-державної підтримки

The article provides an analytical review of the status and development trends of the agricultural enterprises on the basis of private state support in Ukraine. Namely, an analytical review of the agricultural production indicators was conducted: increase (decrease) in the agricultural products volume in the dynamics for January 2018- 2020, gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops covering the period 2009-2020, livestock production for 2019-2020. The analysis of the existing mechanisms and tools for public private support of agricultural producers is carried out: the sizes of the state support of agricultural sector in 2017-2020 are considered, the most actual grant programmes supporting the agricultural producers for 2020 are given.

Behavioral Segmentation of Baby Food Consumers: Risk Areas, Possible Solutions. The Case of Ukraine

The concept of this work is based on the idea of the interrelation of socio-demographic factors and factors of enterprises strategic development (baby food producers). According to the key indicators, the main components identify the psychographic characteristics of baby food consumers. Each factor included features with the highest factor load after geometric rotation by the Varimax method. The most critical areas of social status, stereotypical representation, consumer standards are found, which signal urgent problems that can be solved only if efforts of public and private solutions are combined (Foresight design). Social PR projects are a possible solution for a long-term program to expand the domestic market for baby food. The mechanism of implementation is to provide an opportunity for enterprises producing baby food products to participate in the implementation of national and regional programs to support fertility and family policy in Ukraine. It is suggested to introduce the results of marketing analysis of psychographic segmentation of consumers of baby food products into Foresight-design programs. The study proposes to integrate the marketing communication policy of baby food manufacturers and government policies in the field of fertility support in Ukraine, based on the principles of Foresight engineering for the social projects implementation.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПІДТРИМКА РОЗВИТКУ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

Within the article, a thorough analysis of the nature and criteria for determining business entities in accordance with the laws of Ukraine is provided. The interpretation of the concept of ”small entrepreneurship” and “small business” by different scientists is given. A thorough analysis of changes in the dynamics of the number of existing small businesses, including micro entrepre-neurship for 2010-2020, is submitted. The main trend is that in 2020 in Ukraine there was a significant reduction in the number of such entities by 206,88 thousand units, or by 10 % compared with 2010. The essence of state support for small business is revealed, the basic principles on which such support is based are defined, namely: principle of efficiency, accessibility, provision, openness, transparency, etc., as well, the arguments about its necessity within economic and social stimulus are provided. The author highlighted the main areas of state support for small business in Ukraine, among which the main ones are as follows: simplified accounting and taxation procedure; involvement of small businesses in the implementation of scientific, technical and socio-economic programs; creation of an extensive infrastructure to support the development of small business; simplification of the procedure for obtaining the necessary documents for the operation of small businesses, etc. The terms and conditions of some programs offered by the Fund of Entrepreneurship Support in Ukraine to support the development of small business in Ukraine today are also revealed, namely: the State program “Affordable Loans 5-7-9 %”, the Microcredit program, “Affordable financial leasing”: The program “DCFTA Initiative East Guarantees Window”, theProgram “The mechanism of the financing of small and medium sized business – Stage 2” The EBRD Credit Line – EU4Business and the WNISEF Social Investment Program. Taking into account the studied, we see the direction of further research in the search of specific areas of state support for domestic small business.

Features and Prospects of Industry 4.0 in the Economy of Ukraine (Scientific Review)

The research was performed within the research work “Spiritually-noosphere-sustainable economic development as a breakthrough theory of post-classical economics (methodological principles of formation)” (state registration number 0117U004936). The hypothesis is substantiated that today economic transformations at the level of world and national economy are caused by complex influence of modern megatrends, first of all by COVID-19 pandemic and digitalization of economy and society. The nature and degree of influence of global trends and processes of Industry 4.0 and digitalization on the fateful spheres of life support in Ukraine are revealed. The system of theoretical views on the global trend of Industry 4.0 is systematized and structured, according to which the most significant changes in the socio-economic sphere take place. Practical recommendations have been developed on the need to switch to the Industry 4.0 model in some of the most important areas of economic development. The sequence of development of the Industry 4.0 platform in the economy of Ukraine is determined.

Evolution of Legislation on Liability for Failure to the Obligation to Provide Support in Family Law of Ukraine

In the scientific article the author investigates the historical aspects of the evolution of legislation that operated in the Ukrainian lands on liability for failure to the obligation to provide support for family members, including spouses, parents, and children. In particular, it has been analyzed the content of the basic acts of family law operated in the period from Kievan Rus to independent Ukraine, such as ‘Russkaya Pravda’(‘Russian Truth’), Lithuanian Statutes of 1529, 1566, 1588, the draft codification of family law ‘Rights under which the Maloros People Are Judged’ , Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, the Galician Civil Code, the Austrian Civil Code, the first decrees of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR regulating family legal relationships, as well as the Codes of 1919, 1926, 1969 and 2002 (taking into account the changes made in 2017-2018). Based on the analysis, the author determined that the issue of liability for obligation to provide support in Ukraine received proper legal regulation only with the adoption of the current Family Code of Ukraine in 2002. The first monuments of Ukrainian law, such as ‘Russkaya Pravda’(‘Russian Truth’) and Lithuanian Statutes, unfortunately did not contain rules regulating alimony relationships between spouses, parents and children, as well as other family members. The following acts of Family Law that were in force in the Ukrainian lands defined the alimony obligations of spouses, parents and children, but did not provide for liability for their violation. The exceptions were the norms of the Galician Civil Code, which provided for the liability of the father for the non-recognition of his illegitimate child and the non-payment of amounts on the child’s support in two-, three- four times the size of amount, as well as the rules of criminal legislation of the Russian Empire and the Soviet period for determining the liability for malicious evasion of alimony payments. Unfortunately, the existing regulatory framework regulates in detail only the issue of liability for the non-fulfillment of parental support obligations in relation to children. Failure to perform other alimony duties, unfortunately, did not receive such a reaction from the state (the only exception is the malicious evasion of payment established by court decision for the maintenance of disabled parents, which is a crime).

Detainee Operations in Ukraine

Abstract Detention operations have been a salient feature of the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Often referred to as exchanges or swaps of detainees, the operations leading to the simultaneous release and transfer of detainees (srtd) offer fertile terrain for inquiring about the applicability of international humanitarian law (ihl) and international human rights law (ihrl). This article attempts to fill a gap in the literature on detention operations outside the war on terror framework. It offers a chronological review of the detention operations that have taken place in Ukraine since the beginning of the military conflict. This paper then follows a classical two-step analysis first of ihl, ihrl and domestic law provisions applicable to srtds and, second, of the impact of these provisions on the human rights protection of the persons involved. The preliminary conclusions of this analysis indicate that, despite the praise of the international community for the srtds in Ukraine, human rights violations have resulted from srtds. More specifically, the legal framework under which srtds take place appears to be a ‘cocktail’ of ihl and ihrl provisions. Certainly, srtds have attracted international media coverage and support for Ukraine. At the same time, however, the ‘hidden cost’ of these operations begins to be understood as well because the legal status of many participants in the srtds appears to worsen, access to justice appears to be hampered and the independence of justice appears to be threatened as a result of these operations.