Support Of Innovative Activity Research Articles

Development of human capital in Kazakhstan’s higher education institutions: financial investments, faculty qualifications, and research output (2018–2022)

This study examines the development of human capital in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2022, focusing on financial investments, infrastructure support, faculty qualifications, research output, and student outcomes. Utilizing comprehensive data from official sources, the analysis reveals significant growth in financial commitment to higher education, with substantial increases in expenditures, revenues, and investments in educational infrastructure. The data indicate a diverse and increasingly qualified faculty, though gender imbalances persist at senior academic levels. Research output, as measured by publications indexed in Scopus, has shown consistent growth, reflecting enhanced research productivity. Student performance metrics, including graduation rates and employment outcomes, highlight the effective preparation of graduates for the job market, with rising average salaries and employment rates. Innovation activities within HEIs, such as patent applications and trademark registrations, demonstrate a dynamic but variable landscape. The study identifies key areas for improvement, including the need for sustained investment, policies promoting gender equality in academia, and support for innovation activities. The findings underscore the importance of aligning educational programs with market needs to further improve graduate employability. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and educational leaders to enhance the quality and competitiveness of higher education in Kazakhstan, contributing to the country’s socio-economic development.

Analysis of innovative activity of enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Object: The purpose of research article is to identify the main problems by analyzing the current state of innova tive activity of enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan.as well as to propose specific mechanisms and ways to devel op state support for innovative activities of domestic enterprises in the future. Methods: Theoretical methods were used at the process of the study, in particular, comparative, quantitative and systematic analysis, synthesis, expert assessment, generalization of research results. Findings: As it became known from the results of the analysis obtained during the study, in recent years there have been no significant changes in the share of innovative products produced by domestic enterprises in Gross Domes tic Product, the innovative activity of enterprises remains at a very low level. Most of the costs of innovation are fi nanced from enterprises own funds banking resources, the bulk goes to the purchase of modern machines, equipment, software and other complex products. Conclusions: For today, the state has done a lot of work to ensure the innovative development of the country and this work continues. In order to ensure innovative development on the part of the state, despite the adoption of laws, state programs and strategic documents, it becomes obvious that additional specific support measures aimed at support ing innovation activities are needed. Because the measures taken do not show successful innovative development. Therefore, according to the results of the study, it was proposed to use in parallel the mechanisms of financial, adminis trative and infrastructural influence of the state for the development of innovative activities, increasing the innovative activity of domestic enterprises.

Government support, employee structure and organisational digital innovation: Evidence from China

Digital innovation activities are data-driven, and the process of organizational digital innovation is inevitably influenced by their key participants, employees, as well as changes in the social institutional environment. How government support and employee structure impact organisational digital innovation was examined in this study. Since digital innovation activities are data-driven, the mediating role of data flows within digital innovation ecosystems was explored. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected by a survey from 299 firms in China. Results of structural equation modelling using SPSS and AMOS reveal that government support for enterprises in terms of policies and services, as well as the employee structure within enterprises, have a direct impact on organisational digital innovation. Data flows within digital innovation ecosystems mediate the relationship between government support and organisational digital innovation activities. Our findings provided evidence for theories of digital innovation ecosystems and employee-driven digital innovation. The results and conclusions in this study can provide reference for enterprises to achieve digital innovation breakthroughs, and for policymakers to formulate digital-related policies and regulations.

Spatial differentiation and driving factors of scientific and technological innovation efficiency under the background of the digital economy

Scientific and technological innovation (STI) activities are facilitated under the influence of the digital economy and depend on digital elements to support innovation activities. This study measures digital element inputs and outputs using data related to the digital economy and estimates STI efficiency in 29 provincial regions in mainland China from 2010 to 2021 employing the global super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model. Then, spatial characteristics and driving forces of STI efficiency are quantified using spatial autocorrelation and geographic detectors. The results reveal that STI efficiency exhibits a fluctuating, W-shaped pattern, and the spatial correlation effect shows a gradually declining trend from 2010 to 2021. The findings reveal that the core drivers of STI efficiency are digital financial development, e-commerce development, digital access level, and related factors. Therefore, strengthening inter-regional innovation links, promoting the construction of 5 G mobile internet and accelerating the integration of digital industries into traditional industries are recommended.

Some aspects of state support of innovation processes in the region

The development of innovative activity of economicentities is one of the main objectives of the state policy.State instruments for support and development ofinnovation activity should provide support at all stagesof the innovation life cycle, from idea generation tosuccessful commercialisation of innovative products, andthe maximum effect will be achieved only taking intoaccount the integration of all participants of theinnovation process - from scientists and entrepreneursinnovatorsto venture funds and innovative enterprises.The innovation economy, based on scientific knowledgeand intellectual potential, is able to ensure the expandedreproduction of knowledge-intensive gross product ofboth the region and the country as a whole. The development of innovation processes is impossiblewithout the generation of new ideas, knowledge, projectinitiation at the initial stages of the innovation cycle, andwithout the use of venture capital investments at the finalstages. This problem is most difficult to solve in theregions, due to significant differences in their socioeconomicdevelopment, level of competence of scientificschools, sectoral specifics, level of concentration ofindustrial potential, including due to insufficientjustification of the directions of further development ofregions - innovation leaders. In order to support subprocessesrelated to resource provision, regionalauthorities can, on the basis of budgetary resources, forminnovation infrastructure institutions, such as: businessincubators, business accelerators, seed funds,technoparks, etc.; finance various innovation projects;invest in the development of human and intellectualcapital - in education, for training personnel ininnovation management, breakthrough scientifictechnologies, in the part of personnel training of thehighest level. At the same time, we need a promising model of longterminnovation development, which implies a gradualtransition from state to market-based instruments ofdevelopment and support of innovation activity,including innovation infrastructure functioning onmarket conditions.

Managerial Decision-Making Methodology to Support Innovation Activities: Evidence from Slovak Enterprises

The creation of innovations in enterprises is a topic that has a firm place in the scientific literature, and the authors describe several procedures and theories of the functioning of the innovation process in enterprises. One part of the innovation process is decision-making. In the article, attention is paid to the results of research on the decision-making process as an important and integral part of the innovation process. The elements of the decision-making process and their impact on innovation represent an area of possible exploration and development of theories on decision-making in the innovation process. It is here that we have proposed a methodology for decision-making in the innovation process. The management of innovation processes, of which decision-making is an important part, provides multiple points of error for enterprises. Errors are experienced by enterprises due to a lack of information or its misuse, the influence of communication and time, and also the lack of experience of employees. The aim of this paper is to highlight the different decision-making criteria and approaches to innovation activities in Slovak enterprises within the framework of the developed methodology and survey results.

ОЦІНКА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СВІТОВИХ РЕЙТИНГІВ

The innovative potential of Ukraine was evaluated in the context of world ratings, in particular according to the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index and the Summary Innovation Index. The place of Ukraine among other countries of the world in terms of the level of innovative development has been determined. In the Global Innovation Index in 2021, Ukraine was in 49th place, in the Bloomberg Innovation Index – in 58th place, in the Innovation Index of the Summary Innovation Index – in 34th place. According to the results of the ratings, such countries as Switzerland, USA, Sweden, South Korea, Great Britain, Finland, and Germany occupy the leading positions. The position of Ukraine in international rankings before the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine indicates a rather unstable competitive position and the absence of an active policy in support of innovative activities and lack of effective mechanisms for introducing innovations and further commercialization. And the war only deepened and exacerbated the existing problems and significantly worsened the image of our state on the international arena in the context of its innovative development. In such difficult conditions, it is already important to use the best world experience and practices of the European Union in the formation of state policy regarding the development of innovations, including finding ways to increase financial support for innovative development from the state. The implementation of effective state regulation through the mechanisms of stimulating and supporting innovations, as the main driving force for increasing competitiveness, establishing cooperation between the state, society and business, creating a favorable institutional environment for the development of science, scientific developments and research should be a priority vector of Ukraine despite all the difficulties associated with war. The creation of human resources support mechanisms, in which Ukrainian scientists could implement their innovative ideas and developments in Ukraine, and not abroad, will also contribute to the increase of innovation potential.

Концептуальна модель організаційного забезпечення формування стратегії інноваційного розвитку бізнес-структур

The article is devoted to the development of a theoretical model that allows to optimize the interaction of organizational elements to stimulate innovation: resources, finance, innovation, management. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model of organizational support for the formation of innovative strategies by business structures in the context of globalization. The general scientific research methods used to achieve this goal include literature analysis, information synthesis, modeling, induction and deduction methods. The paper examines the essence of organizational processes, reviews business resources and defines the essence of organizational support. This definition is interpreted in the context of innovative development, which resulted in a set of data for modeling the organizational support of the innovation strategy. The novelty of the study lies in the development of a conceptual model of organizational support for the formation of a strategy for innovative development of business structures. It is an integrated approach that takes into account the need to integrate various resources and processes to stimulate innovation activity in companies. The model is based on a balanced combination of tangible and intangible assets and requires effective management of financial resources, development of innovation policy and efficient management of organizational processes. The interaction between different elements of the system is central to this model, which contributes to the generation of innovative ideas and their implementation. An innovation strategy aimed at ensuring business success considers financial resources as a key factor in supporting innovation activities. Optimization of equity capital, attraction of credit programs and cooperation with investors require flexibility in financial planning and the ability to adapt to changes in the market. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it provides business structures with tools and methods for the effective formation of an innovation development strategy. This helps to increase competitiveness, ensure stability and market promotion through the creation and implementation of innovative products and services.

DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF VENTURE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article deals with the issues of organizational and legal support for the industrial and innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the adoption by our country of a number of state programs, Concepts, legislation and other documents in this area and their content relating to the issues of innovation and closely related to it, as a growing popularity, venture entrepreneurship. The origin of this high-risk business abroad and the beginning of its operation on the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as its modern legal regulation, contained, due to its difficult, complex specifics, in a number of codes, laws, government decrees, etc. are analyzed. It is noted that, to date, neither domestic investors on behalf of companies or individuals, nor foreign investors today are particularly interested in investing in an innovative economy, in projects related to venture financing. In turn, innovation activity, as a result of venture entrepreneurship, requires an integrated approach to regulation, taking into account its various components (intellectual, financial, scientific, etc.). The state creates conditions for attracting investments, developing venture business, taking a rather balanced approach to financing this business by supporting innovation activities provided by the subjects of the innovation system, including by investing in innovative projects, creating legal entities with foreign participation, creating or participating in investment and venture funds; development of risk investment funds, venture funds and venture financing, etc. The measures taken by the state continue to improve, and the authors of the article formulated some proposals in this direction.

Conceptual Approaches to Defining the Concept of a National Innovation System

Problem setting. As globalization processes deepen, the state’s position on the world stage increasingly begins to be determined by its overall competitiveness, which, in turn, directly depends on the structure and efficiency of the country’s innovation system. It is the innovative system that allows the state to occupy a certain niche in the system of international division of labor, to gain weight and status in the system of international relations. The problem of increasing international competitiveness is acutely facing Ukraine. It is not by chance that the question of the prospects for the formation of a national innovation system occupies a prominent place in the economic policy of Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. The study of the concept, structure and subjects of the national innovation system is devoted to the work of various authors, in particular: Yu.E. Atamanova , K. Freeman , R. Nelson, B.A. Lundvall , L.I. Fedulova, A.A. Marakhovsky , M. Т. Sharko and others. However, the majority of research is purely economic in nature and is not closely «linked» to current national and foreign legislation. Target of the research is to study the concept and structure of the national innovation system, taking into account the analysis of the main economic-theoretical and legal approaches to the definition of this concept contained in the scientific literature and current legislation. Article’s main body. The article analyzes the main approaches to defining the concept of the national innovation system. It was found that most of these approaches are purely economic in nature, which complicates their use in the current legislation. It was established that in economic theory, the national innovation system is considered in three main aspects: 1) as a set of institutions whose activities are aimed at generating and spreading innovations; 2) as a complex of related economic mechanisms and types of activities that ensure innovative processes; 3) as part of the national economic system, which ensures the organic integration of innovative processes into the progressive development of the economy and society. The article also analyzes the definition of the concept of the national innovation system, which is contained in international legal acts and the legislation of Ukraine. The analysis of the definition of the concept of the national innovation system, which is proposed in the draft Innovation Code of Ukraine, was carried out. Based on the study of the concept and structure of the national innovation system, its main features were determined, namely. The national innovation system covers a complex of economically, organizationally and legally interacting subjects, which include: subjects of scientific, scientific and technical, innovative activity, innovative infrastructure, specially authorized bodies of state power and local self-government in the field of innovative activity; the focus of the subjects of the national innovation system on direct participation, provision or stimulation of innovations. The activities of the subjects of the national innovation system are aimed at carrying out scientific research and development with the aim of their further application in various sectors of the economy (in particular, the real sector) and the social sphere. On the basis of the research, a proper definition of the concept of the national innovation system was formulated as an ordered set of interrelated subjects of scientific, scientific and technical, innovative activity, innovative infrastructure, as well as state and local self-government bodies that develop, provide and support innovations. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the structure of the national innovation system. Despite the variety of available approaches to determining the structure of the national innovation system, special attention is paid to the study of the structure of the national innovation system. The main elements of the structure of the national innovation system are defined, which include state regulation, education, knowledge generation, innovation infrastructure and production. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Scientific literature and legislation contain different approaches to defining the concept and structure of the national innovation system. Among the variety of available approaches, the most justified is the institutional approach, the essence of which is to identify the national innovation system with a set of institutions (organizations, structures) that directly or indirectly participate in the process of ensuring or implementing innovative activities. In the legal sense, the national innovation system should be understood as an ordered set of interrelated subjects of scientific, scientific and technical, innovative activity, innovative infrastructure, as well as state and local self-government bodies that carry out the development, provision and support of innovative activities.

Improvements activity of innovation: experience, challenges and opportunities in Nigeria

Technology and innovation are important concepts in improving efficiency, productivity and competitiveness in companies. The effective management of knowledge, science, technology and innovation is a determinant of competitiveness for companies, business and countries. In other side R+D is a very important activity for the economic development in the age of the digital economy and Industry 4.0. R&D and technology innovations have been proved to positively correlate with profitability in developed countries. This article assessed the actual status of these activities on the enterprises in Nigerian; experiences, challenges, strategies and opportunities to improve them in innovative sector. Data were collected from the textbooks and the internet. The research showed that the governments do it some efforts to improve the innovation. Some strategies point to management of knowledge and creativity, increase the finance of the projects, and protection of intellectual right property. The experts, institutions, banks and government need to create some strategies to do it more available and to support innovation activities. This is the most important challenge.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN PROVIDING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Artan küreselleşme, hızlı teknolojik değişiklikler ve yeni yaşam tarzları kurumlar için muazzam stratejik fırsatlar ortaya çıkarırken inovasyon, rekabet yarışında ana farklılaştırıcılardan biri haline gelmiştir. Yeni fikirlerin başarılı bir şekilde kullanılması bir kurumun süreçlerini iyileştirmesi, piyasaya yeni ürünler ve gelişmiş hizmetler sunması, verimliliğini artırması ve en önemlisi performansını iyileştirmesi için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmayla, hastanelerin inovasyon ve stratejik seçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin yedi farklı bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren kamu, üniversite ve özel olmak üzere toplam 79 hastanede, hastane üst düzey yöneticileri ile bir anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnovasyon ve rekabet stratejilerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre fark gösterip göstermediği tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile çözümlenmiştir. Ayrıca inovasyon ve rekabet stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda hastaların gruplara ayrılmasında kullanılan değişkenlerin hastanelerin özelliklerine göre bir farklılık göstermediği ve hastaların gruplara ayrımı ile rekabet stratejileri arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda hastanelerde inovasyon faaliyetlerinin desteklenmesi ile her üç rekabet stratejisi arasında anlamlı orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Support for Innovative Activities in the Russian Agricultural Sector

The government has designated national goals and strategic objectives for the development of the country’s economy. The agricultural sector must develop in accordance with the strategic guidelines and tasks facing the national economy, in addition, the industry faces global challenges, to overcome which a qualitative transformation of the industry based on innovation is required. It is possible to develop in accordance with national goals and strategic objectives only through performing an accelerated modernization of production facilities and significantly increasing the pace and scale of the development and implementation of innovative technologies. The government implements national projects and state programs that stimulate innovation and provides financial support. The paper analyzes the legal regulation, measures and instruments of government stimulation of innovation, systematizes state measures to be taken for these purposes and the resulting effects. Proposals for regional stimulation of innovative activity are formulated.

Информационный инструментарий проектного управления развитием промышленных предприятий

The study examines and substantiates the specifics of the project approach to managing the development of industrial enterprises. Various models of the project approach are compared, their functioning within the framework of the modern digital economy is analyzed. A special role in achieving these goals is assigned to projects aimed at developing breakthrough products for the processing industry, the development of innovative infrastructure (test sites, engineering and certification centers, databases, accelerators, etc.), the creation of new businesses in the processing industry based on large enterprises, as well as projects at the final stage of development and bringing products to market for export. In this regard, the issues of project management of the development of industrial economic systems are gaining high importance and need to be clarified and updated. The problem of management of industrial enterprises and other economic systems is that their management structures are overwhelmingly built on a hierarchical principle, are functionally oriented and project management is rejected in them. However, if project management is integrated into the enterprise management system, it is possible to obtain positive results, consisting in improving information, marketing, regulatory, methodological and other support for innovation activities. Analyzes the necessity of introducing a project approach into the management system of the development of industrial enterprises.

Universities and innovation strategies in rural regions: The case of the Greater Lincolnshire Innovation Programme (UK)

There is limited experience with innovation policies in rural areas, often based on a one-size-fits-all approach. However, rural businesses have diverse needs and there is difficulty in applying smart specialisation approaches for the use of European Union Cohesion funding in rural areas. A key resource in rural areas is the local university, and universities face increased demands to support local firms. This paper examines one particular case of a university in a rural region and its use of the European Regional Development Fund to support innovation activities. The challenges of working with rural businesses are explored, as is the focus on one-to-one support rather than the more collective smart specialisation approach. Universities need to take a pragmatic approach to ensure that the needs of firms can be balanced with the capacities of rural universities which are often smaller and more specialised than urban universities.

INNOVATIONS AS A COMPONENT OF ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC PROTECTION MANAGEMENT

The market transformation of the economy of Ukraine has set up enterprises as sovereign subjects of the principles of new mind functioning in a competitive market environment, such as dynamism, slowness, and risk. It depends on the nature and mechanisms of business management from the point of view of their adaptability, ability to actively respond to changes in the external and internal environment with the method of ensuring competitiveness and steady dynamic development. To ensure this, we can help to ensure the economic protection of enterprises, the current reaction to the demands of the outer and inner environment, which is implemented on an innovative basis. It has been proved that the implementation of innovative activities requires the formation of a specific socioeconomic environment, which characteristics are: the orientation of all factors of the reproduction process to ensure the use of advanced technologies and results of new research; creation of a modern innovation infrastructure aimed at supporting innovation activities; formation of innovative culture of society. It is substantiated that the innovative development of enterprises is the basis for increasing the efficiency of management and the level of protection against environmental threats. Innovative activity of domestic enterprises tends to decrease, which negatively affects the competitiveness of their products, impairs their investment attractiveness and level of economic protection. It was proved that an important element of enterprises economic security is the innovation component, which contributes to the formation of the synergy effect and increase the management efficiency. It has been established that the innovation policy of enterprises is the basis of economic security as vital for effective prevention and counteraction to internal, external, potential and real threats and dangers of financial and economic and socio-economic activities of the enterprise.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Investment activity cannot do without the support of the state, since scientific developments and their production require huge investments. Only the state is able to provide significant financial assistance in the implementation and development of the innovation process. The need for government intervention in innovation processes is caused not only by a long scientific and production cycle, high costs, but also by the uncertainty of the final result. There are factors that hinder the development of innovation. One of them is the insufficient motivation of companies by the state to develop innovative activities. The article considers the main measures of the state's influence on the innovative development of the modern Russian economy, contributing to the development of the innovation process, increasing the competitiveness of products, and obtaining additional income. The ways of state support of innovation activity in the Russian Federation are studied. The conclusion is made: only close interaction of the state and private entrepreneurship makes it possible to implement the strategy of innovation policy.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИОРИТЕТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РОЗНИЧНЫХ ТОРГОВЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations on improving strategic priorities for the development of investment support for innovative activities of retail trading enterprises. During the study, a set of general scientific and special research methods was used: logical generalization, factor analysis, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, modeling, graphic. The scientific novelty consists in justifying theoretical and methodological approaches and applied recommendations for improving strategic priorities for the development of investment support for innovative activities of retail trading enterprises. It was concluded that the initiation of the creation of production and trade regional innovation clusters makes it possible to turn them into more investment attractive business units, achieve higher financial and economic results, strengthen cooperative forms of cooperation, ensure vertical and horizontal integration, diversify forms and formats of trade and create, implement and commercialize all types of innovations.

Инновационная невосприимчивость экономики России

Introduction. The article examines the general immunity of the Russian economy to innovation, which is inherent in it at the present stage. It is caused by a number of macro and microeconomic, as well as institutional factors. This was an important reason that did not allow us to achieve a number of ambitious economic goals set by the country’s leaders. Theoretical analysis. The review of empirical and statistical material confirms the negative trends that exist in Russian economy, associated with a decrease in the innovative activity of enterprises and organizations. Among the macroeconomic factors of innovation immunity of the Russian economy, the following are distinguished: a one-sided developed economic structure with a hypertrophied predominance of raw materials and energy-producing industries with a low added value of the final product; insufficient aggregate demand for innovation on the part of the state, firms and households, as well as the lack of investment resources for enterprises and organizations to implement innovation activities. Microeconomic factors of the Russian economy’s immunity to innovation are: lack of internal sources of financing from enterprises; the high cost of credit resources; lack of tax incentives and the lack of effective state support for innovation, especially at the level of small and medium-sized businesses. support for innovation, especially at the level of small and medium-sized businesses. Results. It is concluded that the support of innovation activity requires the protection of property rights, a fair tax and judicial system, the absence of administrative barriers and excessive regulation, the presumption of innocence of the entrepreneur, and general political and economic stability. At the present stage, it is necessary to develop a unified state strategy for innovative development, focused on increasing labor productivity and achieving sustainable economic growth, support innovation, especially at the level of small and medium-sized enterprises.

The Role Of The State In The Innovative Development Of Tourism

This article examines the need for innovative development of tourism and the role of the state in its implementation, the main areas of state support for innovative activities in tourism.