Spare Parts Supply Research Articles

A Single Side Priority Based GA Approach for 3D Printing Center Integration to Spare Part Supply Chain in Automotive Industry

A Single Side Priority Based GA Approach for 3D Printing Center Integration to Spare Part Supply Chain in Automotive Industry

A blockchain-based system to enhance aircraft parts traceability and trackability for inventory management

Aircraft spare parts inventory management (ASPM) has played a critical role in tracing and tracking spare parts as any related maintenance or movement shall be recorded. Traceability and trackability of data ensure the compliance of airworthiness requirements. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has strongly emphasised the significance of quality traceability data throughout the aircraft part’s life cycle, leading to enhanced inventory control accuracy, reduced maintenance error, and effective decision-making processes. However, with the rapid increase of spare parts types, the complexity of aircraft parts multi-stage supply chains leads to inefficient tracing and tracking operations with unsatisfactory traceability data quality and information security. This paper proposed a blockchain-based system that provided a managerial platform for accurate recording of spare parts traceability data with organisational consensus and validation using Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer. A data model has been determined based on the existing ASPM, enabling information integrity during transaction operations. The channel mechanism has yielded a trustful data sharing platform between each contracting organisation for logistics and operational arrangements, which has enhanced information visibility and security. The blockchain-based system, executed under a decentralised ledger mechanism, shall improve the quality of traceability data and reliable information sharing within the spare parts supply chain. The enhanced blockchain-based inventory management system can establish the digital twin of aviation as part of Industry 4.0 in the future.

The necessity of conducting repairs, or the Economic paradox

The increase in the total number of machines in the middle of the 20th century led to a rise in the number of repair services and served as an impetus for the start of work to improve the reliability of mechanical equipment based on the statistical probabilistic approach, the provisions of terotechnology and methods of technical diagnostics. Maintaining machines and mechanisms in working condition has become quite expensive. On the other hand, reducing the cost of maintenance and repairs leads to a violation of the continuity of the technological cycle. Existing trends in mechanical engineering and in the general paradigm of the development of civilization indicate a tendency to reduce the durability of parts and units. The manufacture of products with a long service life becomes economically unviable, which is the essence of the paradox. The article considers the examples of implementation of various approaches to the operation of equipment during maintenance and repair. The prerequisites for the necessity of conducting repairs are analyzed. It is recommended to try to reach a compromise between the manufacturer and the consumer on the basis of long-term contracts for the supply of spare parts or the provision of equipment maintenance services. The urgency of the problem is further justified by the high rate of robotization, since robots also need to be repaired. In this regard, the authors express the hope that this article will be useful in solving the problem of the repair.

Spare parts supply chain network modeling based on a novel scale-free network and replenishment path optimization with Q learning

The efficiency of inventory management determines the customers’ buying experience, so a supply chain network with a shorter replenishment time is needed. The supply chain network is hoped to be robust to the stock-out of some distributors in the network under random customer demands. At the same time, replenishment path optimization method with the objective of minimizing the replenishment time is required. After reviewing previous work done in the field of supply network topology, scale-free network is proven to be efficient when it was used to model supply network. In addition, multi-agent based collaborative replenishment model is smarter. But, there is rare research on multi-agent based collaborative replenishment in the supply chain modelled by scale-free network. In this study, we proposed a spare parts supply chain network model based on a novel scale-free network. In this network growth process, the connection probability function of connecting new distributor to the existing distributors in the network, is constructed considering the connection number (for an existing distributor, its connection number means the number of other distributors which have collaborative relationship with it) and inventory capacity of the existing distributors and the transit time between new distributor and existing distributors. The connection probability function is built from the standpoints of both new distributor and the existing distributors. Furthermore, different selection policies are discussed in the network growth process to improve the efficiency. Unlike other replenishment path optimization methods, Q learning takes the advantage of interacting with the environment to make a dynamic decision. So, Q learning is selected to optimize the replenishment path in supply chain network. In the experiment, network static and dynamic performance is analyzed using the indicators: degree distribution, clustering coefficient, centrality and response time. Experimental results showed that the replenishment time of supply chain network which are optimized by Q learning is reduced by approximately 40%. So, the shorter replenishment time of the supply chain network is verified.

Automated Warehouse Management Wagon Depot

: The research paper provides an analytical review of the rational organization of storage in transport, notes the works of scientists that are of great importance for the railway industry, and considers the issues of optimal placement of inventory items in the carriage depot of the Joint Stock Company "Uztemiryulyulovchi" ("Uzdzheldorpass"). The structure of a warehouse reflecting the main elements of technological sections, consisting of an unloading section, a cargo receiving section, a storage area (temporary and main), a picking section, a service and technical room, is presented. The developed mathematical models for determining rational placement, graphs of the effect of the life cycle of goods on the logistics cycle of replenishment of stocks, methods for determining the amount of supply of spare parts for mobile units when managing their stocks are presented.

Kalite Maliyetleri ve Bir Üretim İşletmesinde Uygulaması

The concept of quality cost emerged as a result of both product development and process improvement studies, following the products produced not meeting customer expectations. Measuring and calculating quality costs is one of the important and necessary stages of the Total Quality Management program. Enhancing quality is seen as the fastest way to improve customer loyalty, decrease manufacturing costs and increase productivity. While preparing initiatives to enhance the quality, the associated costs should be taken into account. Since consumer demands need to be fulfilled at the lowest cost possible. Seeing the cost-benefit factor, as competitiveness, expense preparation should be made to improve efficiency. In this study data were gathered from a vehicle spare parts supplier. The data collected from this firm's accounting departments and other divisions were used to analyze PAF and the Quality Ratio Analysis model, quality costs, system review, calculation of production prices, and monitoring method. As a result, the company's management program has been calculated not to be effective in calculating the company's production costs according to the output assessments attributable to worker and machine costs. In this study it is concluded that the measurement and analysis of the company's quality costs should be given greater importance.

Hybrid simulation models for spare parts supply chain considering 3D printing capabilities

In the era of Industry 4.0, 3D printing unlocks a wide array of solutions to rapidly-produce spare parts for maintenance operations. In this research, we propose a hybrid simulation approach, combining agent-based and discrete event simulation methods, to investigate how the adoption of 3D printing technologies to manufacture spare parts for maintenance operations will improve operational efficiency and effectiveness. Specifically, our framework is applied to the United States Navy’s fighter jet maintenance operations to study various network configurations, where 3D printing facilities may be centralized, decentralized, or hub configured. System performance in terms of the total cost, timeliness of delivery, and vulnerability under disruptions such as cyber-attacks and emergencies are evaluated. Lastly, the impact of 3D printing technological advancements on operational performance is investigated to obtain managerial insights.

Research on component preparation technology based on laser scanning modelling and additive manufacturing

When the artillery is damaged in the battlefield, the replacement of spare parts can quickly restore the combat capability. However, when the supply of artillery spare parts is insufficient, the technical performance and combat effectiveness of artillery will be seriously reduced. Based on the above considerations, the reverse design and selective laser melting technology are used to study the emergency manufacturing technology of artillery spare parts, to solve the problem of artillery spare parts supply and guarantee, and improve the quality and efficiency of artillery maintenance and guarantee.

Strategic Framework Supply Chain through Kraljic Purchasing Portfolio in O&M Power Plant Company

This paper aims to determine a flexible and extensible model (strategic framework) in classifying the needs of materials/services as a procurement guideline for the company’s operating and maintenance service providers (O&M) power plants. PT PJB Services is a service provider of O&M which leads the market by managing power plants scattered across various islands facing problems related to the delay supply of spare parts. One of the efforts that can be done is to increase the efficiency of the procurement process by determining the model to identify important supply chains. This Model was obtained by the analysis of purchase portfolio using the Kraljics matrix. The design is based on a spare part position in the Kraljic portfolio Matrix consisting of a dimension of risk procurement and impact profit. The application of this model enables the determination of the critical company in the high lead time problem and the provider of materials/services involved. Analysis of critical needs position (including the suppliers involved) in the Kraljic matrix allows can be defined some strategies that may be applied to the lead time reduction.

Technique for Improving the Organization of Maintenance of Transport and Technological Vehicles

In this work the technique of improvement of transport and technological vehicles maintenance is presented. A high-quality organization of technical service is impossible without determining the characteristics of the intensity of requests for a certain type of repair work. The failure flow as a set of successive failures of parts and assembly units is considered as a stationary Poisson process. The check of the stationarity of the failure flow was carried out using the Pearson criterion. The presented technique for researching the failure flow can be extended to any structural elements of technological machines. The results of calculations using this technique can be used, for example, to organize a rational supply of spare parts in order to reduce downtime and material losses during the technical operation of equipment.

An enhanced branch-and-price algorithm for the integrated production and transportation scheduling problem

ABSTRACT Industry 4.0 technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the internet of things and 3D printing are aiding the manufacturers by complementing their skilled workforce and transforming the way factories are run. This paper studies an integrated production and transportation scheduling problem in the context of the spare parts supply chain by integrating 3D printing with JIT delivery systems. This work aims to find a synchronised production and distribution schedule that minimises the weighted sum of delivery times and transportation costs. Based on the characteristics of the problem, we propose a new set-covering formulation. An enhanced branch-and-price algorithm is designed to solve the problem instances to optimality. To expedite the column generation process, two acceleration strategies are also used. The computational results are in favour of the proposed algorithm and the acceleration strategies. Further, the results indicate that integrating the production and transportation scheduling decisions leads to an average savings of about 16.27% of the total costs.

An integrated location-inventory model for a spare part’s supply chain considering facility disruption risk and CO2 emission

Purpose: Managing the inventory of spare parts is very difficult because of the stochastic nature of part’s demand. Also, only controlling the inventory of the spare part is not enough; instead, the supply chain of the spare part needs to be managed efficiently. Moreover, every organization now aims to have a resilient and sustainable supply chain to overcome the risk of facility disruption and to ensure environmental sustainability. This paper thus aims to establish a model of inventory-location relating to the resilient supply chain network of spare parts.Design/methodology/approach: First, applying queuing theory, a location-inventory model for a spare parts supply chain facing a facility disruption risk and has a restriction for CO2 emission, is developed. The model is later formulated as a non-linear mixed-integer programming problem and is solved using MATLAB.Findings: The model gives optimal decisions about the location of the warehouse facility and the policy of inventory management of each location selected. The sensitivity analysis shows that the very low probability of facility disruption does not influence controlling the average emission level. However, the average emission level certainly decreases with the increment of the disruption probability when the facility disruption probability is significant.Practical implications: Using this model, based on the cost and emission parameters and the likelihood of facility disruption, the spare part’s manufacturer can optimize the total average cost of the spare part’s supply chain through making a trade-off between productions, warehouse selection, inventory warehousing and demand allocation.Originality/value: Previous research focuses only on developing a framework for designing an efficient spare parts planning and control system. The inventory-location model for spare parts is not addressed in the sense of risk of facilities disturbance and emission. This research first time jointly considered the probabilistic facility disruption risk and carbon emission for modeling the spare part’s supply chain network.

Research on Location Selection Strategy for Airlines Spare Parts Central Warehouse Based on METRIC.

With the increased demands of airlines, it is important to study the location selection strategy for spare parts central warehouse in order to improve the allocation capacity of spare parts maintenance resources and reduce the operating costs of airlines. Based on the M/M/s/∞/∞ multiservice desk model and Multi-Echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control (METRIC) theory, this paper proposes a spare parts supply strategy based on the spare parts pool network and establishes a location selection model for spare parts central warehouse. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the location for spare parts central warehouse and adjust the location area of the central warehouse combining transportation facilities and geographical environment factors. Finally, the paper compares the operating results for multiple airlines in pooling and off-pooling states and verifies the effectiveness of the spare parts supply model and the advantages of cost control for airlines.

Instantaneous Availability of Multi-component System under the Constraint of Spare Parts

The availability of equipment is one of the most important indicators to measure support effectiveness of system, and spare parts supply is one of the key support resources, so it is necessary to consider the constraint of spare parts in the study of availability. As the evaluation of steady availability cannot meet the requirement of support effectiveness timely and accurately and the previous models of instantaneous availability are usually applicable to one-unit system. To solve the above problem, firstly, the whole process is divided into two sub-processes, i.e., the replace and repair process of fault system and the maintenance and turnover process of failure parts, then the influence between the two sub-processes is analysed. Secondly, a model that can compute the instantaneous availability of multi-component series system with spare parts is given. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the applicability and the performance of the proposed method.

Разработка имитационной модели технического обслуживания воздушных судов на базе интернета вещей

Among the innovative technologies that have the greatest impact on the aviation industry, it is worth highlighting the technologies of the Internet of Things and its combinations with other technologies. In addition, it is worth noting that the use of Internet of Things technologies reduces the number of contacts between the personnel involved in the maintenance of the aircraft, which helps to reduce the risk of contracting viral diseases. This work is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of this technology application in optimizing the supply of components and spare parts for aircraft maintenance. To conclude a conclusion about the effectiveness of the application of this technology, a simulation model of the corresponding process is being developed.

Methodical approach to the provision of spare parts for buses operating in tropical African countries

The article shows the role and features of the operation of vehicles in the tropical region of Africa. The dependence of the reliability of the functioning of transportation company on the climate and local features of operation is noted. A methodological approach to the provision of spare parts for buses is proposed. The issues of management of spare parts reserves for the organization of maintenance and repair of buses are considered.

Uloga obrnute logistike kod prelaska na cirkularnu ekonomiju - studija slučaja logistike rezervnih automobilskih delova

The article describes the ways of industrial development in the era of transition from a linear model of the economy to a circular model, as well as new trends in the development of logistics. It shows the interconnection of processes in production systems, logistics and services, their role in ensuring sustainable green growth. It is shown that by closing the loop of product lifecycles, reverse logistics plays an important role to transitioning to a circular economy. The article presents an example of planning the supply of spare parts when organizing services in foreign markets. Planning is based on multidimensional analysis of failure and modeling data. For this purpose, an information system was developed. The found failure probabilities of units and parts were used to build a model of the reverse logistic chain, within which the parameters of the formation of a reverse flow, differentiated for various operating conditions and vehicle subsystems, were introduced for the first time.

Impacts of decarbonization on the automotive after sales sector: A review of evidence

Automotive after sales, which include provision of spare parts, customer service, and accessories sales, is one of the most profitable parts of the automotive industry and provides for an ongoing relationship with the customer. In times of recession, performance of after sales remains steady as it is highly independent of macroeconomic behaviors and keeps outstanding margins. Current automotive after sales are predominantly based on fossil fuel power train technologies, involving a significant number of replaceable working parts, lubricants, and supplies, and requiring ongoing manual labor. Current efforts to decarbonize the automotive industry, however, have the potential to disrupt this industry by shifting traditional after sales business models. The objective of this paper is to review the background and development of policies and actions in relation to the decarbonization of transport with a particular focus upon the role of the automotive after sales sector. The review considers the role of a range of stakeholders including multilateral bodies setting targets for participating nations; national governments; and the automotive industry, operating at varying scales. Electrification of vehicles and discouragement of car use and ownership are identified as key decarbonization strategies that could significantly impact upon car manufacturers and the broader automotive industry, which will in turn impact upon the after sales market. The review concludes that there has been limited research about impacts on after sales markets from transport decarbonization strategies. Areas of impact identified include reduction of working parts, fewer additional units, longer service intervals, changes in labor needs, disruption in customer retention, and changes to the repurchase cycle. In order to explore these potential impacts, the development of alternative future scenarios under different power train technologies and regional factors is recommended as an area for further research.

Design Approach for Additive Manufacturing in Spare Part Supply Chains

In the current industrial revolution, additive manufacturing (AM) embodies a promising technology that can enhance the effectiveness, adaptability, and competitiveness of supply chains (SCs). Moreover, it facilitates the development of distributed SCs, thereby enhancing product availability, inventory levels, and lead time. However, the wide adoption of AM in industrial SCs creates various challenges, leading to new difficulties for SC design. In this context, this article proposes a new design approach to AM SCs using optimization methods. More specifically, the proposed approach, comprising the p-median and mixed-integer linear programming models, considers the decision of deploying productive resources (3-D printers) in specific locations of generic spare part SCs. The approach was evaluated in a real-world use case of an elevator maintenance service provider. The obtained results demonstrated the promising capabilities of the proposed design approach in managing the challenges arising from the forthcoming widespread use of 3-D printers in manufacturing SCs.

Development of a simulation model for the supply of spare parts for heating equipment

The problems associated with the supply of spare parts for heating equipment are considered. The main stages of development of a simulation model that allows you to simulate the incoming flow of applications for different types of parts for heating equipment are presented. The analysis of the time series of the supply of parts for heating equipment. Then there are opportunities for modeling autocorrelated flows by ordering for spare parts that have a certain relationship between each other according to the items of the item. Cross-correlation and autocorrelation functions of time series were considered, and it was revealed that these functions are not similar to each other.