Supervisory Competence Research Articles

Implementation of Academic Supervision of Junior High School Supervisors in Indonesia

The aim of this study was to describe: (1) the planning of academic supervision (2) the implementation of academic supervision, and (3) the follow-up of academic supervision. The significance of the study was expected to improve the competence of teachers, supervisors, and headmaster to achieve qualified educational goals. The research method applied was qualitative descriptive method. The data of qualitative research were in the form of words analyzed by terminology of individual and group responses. The data collection was done through the technique of (1) observation, (2) interview, and (3) documentation. The results of the study showed that: (1) the planning of academic supervision in Book 1 contained Graduate Competence Standard, Syllabus, Lesson Plan, and Minimal Completeness Criteria), Book 2 contained (teacher ethics code, teacher vow, teacher discipline, teacher habituation, academic calendar, time allocation, annual program, semester program, teacher's agenda journal), Book 3 contained (attendance list, grades list, personality assessment, daily test analysis, improvement and enrichment program, teacher and student handbook, teaching schedule, student absorption, collection of test specification, collection of tests, test item analysis, test item improvement) Book 4 contained (teacher work self-evaluation list and teacher work follow-up program) the majority of teachers had not been able to have them at the beginning of entering school, (2) the implementation of class supervision had not been able to be conducted well, (3) the follow-up of supervision was submission of supervision results in the form of comments for improvement, reinforcement, and suggestions. Based on the findings the study, the researchers concluded that the implementation of academic supervision of Junior High School supervisors needed to be improved. Teachers, headmaster, supervisors, must have strong partnership to improve the quality of education.

The extent of Using Eduwave by North-eastern Badia Directorate of Education Principals From the point of view of principals: مدى امتلاك المشرفين التربويين بمنطقة البادية الشمالية الشرقية بالأردن للكفايات الفنية في ضوء معايير الجودة من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس

The study aimed to identify the extent to which educational supervisors in the North-Eastern Badia region have technical competencies in the light of quality standards from the point of view of school principals, and identify the impact of both sex, educational qualification and years of experience in this study. A questionnaire was distributed to all study population (154) principals and principals of the schools of the North-Eastern Badia Directorate. The results showed that the extent of the educational supervisors in the North-East Badia region of technical competencies in the light of quality standards School administrators rated the tool as a whole; got an average (3.57 out of 5) with a grade of (average), and at the pivot level; the focus on planning got the highest average (4.01), with a (high) grade followed by the teacher focus (3.72), The results showed that there are statistically significant differences attributed to the effect of sex in the field of the practice of electronic supervisory practice (3.52), (medium) and finally (3). In favor of males, there are no statistically significant differences attributable to other variables. In light of the results, the study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Training workshops for educational supervisors on how to employ computer technologies in educational supervision and benefit from the services provided by the Internet and free sites such as Google Drive and others. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made to improve the quality of technical competencies of educational supervisors in the Eastern Badia and the whole of the Kingdom of Jordan. Including: Increasing training courses with the aim of developing educational supervisors professionally, especially in how to employ active work strategies (investigation, problem solving, critical thinking, and cooperative work), with the aim of increasing their skills in implementing cooperative and group work strategies, employing techniques and technical innovations, and working on the need to employ checks Social communication in order to activate the supervisory process

Neuropsychology supervision: A survey of practices in Quebec and a cross-cultural comparison

Objective Supervisors in neuropsychology have an ethical responsibility to continuously improve their ability to supervise. Despite a growing interest in the field, there exist little data on the actual practice and few guidelines to help the practitioner through the process of neuropsychology supervision. This study aims to characterize neuropsychology supervisors and their practices in Quebec, Canada and compare these with supervisory practices of supervisors in the United States, with the ultimate aim of offering recommendations to supervisors. Method Seventy-nine neuropsychology supervisors responded to the 20-question online survey of supervisory experience, education, practices, and familiarity with and use of supervision models that was inspired by Shultz and colleagues. Results Experience in clinical supervision ranged from 0.12 to 35 years and from having supervised 1–150 supervisees. About half of respondents reported having received continuing education in supervision and about two thirds were familiar with at least one type of supervision model. Some supervisory practices were associated with experience, but not with familiarity and utilization of supervision models. Supervisors from Quebec and the U.S. reported a similar frequency of addressing most of the various supervisory competencies with their supervisees. Conclusions Based on the competency-based approach we offer a portrait of neuropsychology supervision in Quebec while highlighting some cultural differences with the U.S. Recommendations include focusing more on certain foundational (e.g. reflective practice) and functional competencies (supervision most notably). Neuropsychology supervisors are also encouraged to devote more time to continuing education opportunities in supervision in order to ensure supervisee development and quality care.

ANALISIS ENAM KOMPETENSI PENGAWAS MADRASAH

The Supervisor position in national education system is very strategic. Their duty to be an academic supervisor and evaluator to headmasters and teacher of madrasah s a subject to professional work. However, some researches have shown that supervisor professionalism level in Indonesia is still relatively low. The research tried to observe comprehensively on their academic, managerial, knowledge on research and development, personality, and social competencies. Research was done to collect data from supervisors in jabar with quantitative method, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The research aims to find the level of supervisor competency in jabar that hopefully can be beneficial for policies to improve their level of professionalism. Research showed that their level of competencies is average. Government needs to intensify activities to enhance their knowledge and skill in supervising, mentoring and coaching headmaster, teachers, researching, and building partnership. Keywords: Analysis, Supervisor, Competences

A new tool for rating cognitive behavioural supervision – preliminary findings in a clinical setting

Abstract Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy and one of the most widely used treatments for mental health problems. It is generally acknowledged that supervision improves the quality of treatment although systematic descriptions and empirical evaluation of supervision have been sparse. Moreover, there are relatively few valid and reliable instruments to evaluate supervision. Based on a comprehensive review of the supervision literature, six competency domains were identified to cover the scope of CBT supervision: Theory, Focus, Learning strategy, Techniques, Structure, and Interpersonal style. The Moeller, Moerch, Rosenberg Supervision Scale (MMRSS) was developed to evaluate supervisor performance within each of these domains after observation of supervision. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the MMRSS (inter-rater reliability and construct validity), the clinical utility, and satisfaction when using MMRSS to evaluate CBT supervision. CBT supervisors (n = 8) were recruited for the study and provided videos of group supervision. A total of 21 videos were rated using the MMRSS and the Supervisory Competency Scale (SCS) by two independent raters. Supervisees and supervisors completed a satisfaction questionnaire to capture their experience of using the MMRSS during supervision of supervision. The MMRSS showed acceptable internal consistency and validity. Several domains in MMRSS (Structure, Learning strategy, and Interpersonal style) correlated significantly with the corresponding domains in the SCS for cognitive supervision. Preliminary results indicate that the MMRSS may be a valid and clinically useful tool to evaluate CBT supervision, although further systematic evaluation is needed. Key learning aims (1) To understand that empirically founded evaluation of cognitive behavioural supervision is essential for good training. (2) To argue that a modern view of supervision places an emphasis on learning principles. (3) To describe the Moeller, Moerch, Rosenberg Supervision Scale (MMRSS) and the scale’s preliminary psychometric properties. (4) To describe the supervisors’ and supervisees’ reported satisfaction using the MMRSS.

Assessment of the Competencies of Supervisors and their Roles in Primary and Secondary Schools of Sidama Zone, Ethiopia

The study was aimed to analyze the competencies and roles of supervisors in primary and secondary schools of Sidama zone. The dimensions of supervision used in the study to investigate the skills of supervisors and their roles were considered that supervisors as a change agent, builders of positive school cultures and implementers of different supervisory principles on the specific contexts of each school to boost the education quality improvement at the study areas. A descriptive survey research design with qualitative and quantitative methods was used. The study consists of 381 primary and secondary school principals and teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. As results revealed there are negative correlations between supervisors' skills, competency, and knowledge as a change agent, creating positive school culture and application of different supervisory principles in the context to which they are working. Finally, based upon the findings it was concluded that improving the professional competence of supervisors has immense contribution in enhancing school improvement, reform and creating a positive school culture and change, as a result, the quality of education in primary and secondary schools will be improved. In the light of these results, I recommend (1) there should have legal policies and initiation for distinguished individuals like school principals, senior teachers to come to supervisory position in primary and secondary schools, (2) there should have training courses and workshops for supervisors on the contemporary issues of global education, supervision trends to build their skills; and (3) develop and provide standard supervision manuals for school supervisors so that they can use the material to improve their day to day supervisory activities. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.6.1

A COMPETÊNCIA ADMINISTRATIVA DE FISCALIZAÇÃO E DE SANÇÃO DA POLÍCIA MILITAR AMBIENTAL DE SANTA CATARINA

A Polícia Militar Ambiental de Santa Catarina, órgão ambiental integrante do Sistema Nacional do Meio Ambiente (SISNAMA) e do Sistema Estadual do Meio Ambiente (SEMA), apresenta relevante competência criminal e administrativa para o cumprimento da dever constitucional de proteção ao meio ambiente, nos moldes do artigo 225 da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e do artigo 107 da Constituição do Estado de Santa Catarina de 1989. O estudo, considerando isso, objetivou a análise da competência administrativa ambiental da Polícia Militar Ambiental de Santa Catarina, desenvolvendo-se pelo estudo da competência de fiscalização, pelo exame da competência de licenciamento e pela pesquisa da competência de sancão. Aplicou-se, para tanto, o método dedutivo ao analisar os parâmetros legislativos, os quais conduziram ao esclarecimento da competência administrativa ambiental da Polícia Militar Ambiental de Santa Catarina. Ademais, a coleta de dados decorreu de pesquisa exploratória da legislação e da jurisprudência. Ao final, o resultado obtido demonstrou que a Polícia Militar Ambiental de Santa Catarina detém competência administrativa para o desenvolvimento das atividades de fiscalização e de sanção, não possuindo, contudo, a competência administrativa ambiental de licenciamento, a qual incumbe somente ao Instituto do Meio Ambiente de Santa Catarina.

Implementation of Oversight Policy, Apparatus Competence and Organizational Culture and its Effect on Performance of Field Supervision Basic Education

Abstract
 The administration of government requires a way of maximizing government management to achieve good governance to realize the welfare of the people and constitute demands of the constitution at the Preamble of the fourth Alenia 1945 Constitution. Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution states that Education is the right of every citizen, and the government and regional government guarantees the implementation of the national education system by Law Number 20 of 2003. This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of the implementation of supervisory policies, apparatus competencies, and culture organization of supervision performance in the field of primary education. The method used in this research is quantitative with open and closed questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the causality relationship partially or simultaneously between the Implementation of Supervision Policy, Apparatus Competency, and Bureaucratic Culture to the Supervision Performance of the Basic Education Sector is entirely "positive and significant." Thus, the four hypotheses of this research are "accepted." Then, the results of the distribution of scores indicate that all dimensions of the variable values ​​are higher than 90% and can be categorized as "Good." Based on the two analyzes, it can be stated that the Supervision Performance of the Basic Education Field held by the City of Depok, West Java Province is "Good." Conclusion This study shows that the Performance of Oversight in Basic Education goes well. This is evidenced by all four accepted hypotheses, and a positive and significant causality relationship. This was obtained by models and concepts in the field of education supervision. With the findings of the Actual Oversight Model, it is recommended for the government that this model can be used as input for the supervision policy formulation, Work Standards Criteria (KSK), and Education Supervision Performance Indicators (IKPP).
 Keywords: Actual Oversight Model, Educational Oversight, Apparatus Competency, Organizational Culture, Oversight Performance.

PERSPEKTIF ISLAM TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI SUPERVISI MANAJERIAL DAN AKADEMIK PENGAWAS

This discussion aims to describe the Islamic perspective on the development of supervisory managerial and academic supervisory competencies. This is important because the teachings of Islam have universal concepts and principles related to supervision or supervision and their competencies. Managerial supervision that emphasizes supervision and regulation of all elements in the education unit and academic supervision which is more in the form of assistance and guidance to teachers in improving the effectiveness of the process and learning outcomes, both require a number of competencies that must be developed continuously. Based on the Islamic perspective, then in its application managerial supervision competence must be based on the nature of Allah SWT al-Raqîb which means supervising and other traits in relation to being the regulator or manager of the universe with all its contents. While academic supervision competencies based on Islamic perspectives should prioritize the principle of helping to ease the burden and difficulties faced by others.

Effectiveness of Supervisory Coaching in Developing Professional of Islamic Teachers

This research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of supervisors in developing the teaching profession of Islamic Religious Education in Jambi Province. The question in this research is why the effectiveness of supervisors’ guidance in developing the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education teachers has not been effective. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was done by observation, interview and documentation techniques. Determination of research subjects using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis techniques were carried out by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing and verification of the reliability of the research results obtained by the extension of participation techniques, observation accuracy, data triangulation and advisory counseling. The results of the study are: Firstly , there were many obstacles and challenges of supervisors in carrying out their duties, among which the lack of guidance and training to supervisors, the lack of teacher training, limited budgets, distance traveled to the target sites, there are still low supervisory competencies, lack of new human resources, lack of facilities, low mutual respect for Islamic supervisors in public schools, and limited visits to teachers due to the large number of Islamic teachers in each region. Secondly, development of the teaching profession by improving the professionalism of teachers and improve the competency of teachers and teacher certification. Thirdly, the efforts to create the effectiveness through enhancing communication and coordination made with Islamic religious teacher, a good cooperation between supervisors and teachers, improve teacher training, making professional development activities of teachers, increase creativity in teacher professional development, increase cooperation with various stakeholders, improve facilities and infrastructure, increase budget allocations, provide rewards to supervisors, increase supervisory competencies with supervisory training, reduce the workload of supervisors, and add quality supervisory human resources. In conclusion, the effectiveness of supervisors' guidance in the development of the teaching profession can be effective if it is well accompanied by factors supporting these effectiveness.

THE ANALYSIS OF MADRASAH SUPERVISORS' COMPLIANCE AND COMPETENCE EFFECT ON THEIR PERFORMANCE DEVELOPMENT

This study aims to: (1) know the description of the competence of the supervisor of madrasah (2) know the description of the compliance adherence level of the madrasah supervisor (3) know the performance of the madrasah supervisor on the madrasah and (4) develop the Supervisor’s competency of madrasah by adding competence of Islamic education in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi. This research is a comparative causal research (Causal-Comparative Research) with the unit of analysis studied is the supervisor of madrasah located in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi. This study included research survey using questionnaire and in-depth interview with a total sample of 150 madrasah supervisors. The test equipment used in this study uses the classical assumption test which includes normality test, multicolonierity test, heteroscedasticity test and linearity test. The method of data analysis used is simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. The result of this research shows that based on the result of path analysis can be obtained the effect of inter-variables as follows: there is a positive influence of supervisor's compliance and competence to supervisor's performance.

CIPP Model Evaluation of the 2013 Curriculum Implementation Training Program in Jakarta – Indonesia (Case Study: Islamic Educational Supervisor)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Implementation of the 2013 curriculum training program for Islamic Educational Supervisors and to measure their capacity in terms of 2013 curriculum competency using the CIPP model of evaluation.
 The importance of improving the competency of Educational Supervisor through Implementation training program of 2013 curricula, because they hold a very significant and strategic role in improving the quality teaching of Islamic Educational teachers (Guru PAI), acted as educational supervisor, counselor, and motivator.
 This article would like to answer several questions; how the Implementation of Curriculum 2013 training was able to boost the Islamic Educational Supervisor Competency in terms of their academic ability. The paper aims to discuss the issue of Islamic Supervisor in terms of curriculum 2013 competency.

CONSENSUS ASPECTS OF COUNSELING SUPERVISION PRACTICES IN DRUG TREATMENT CENTRE

Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine aspects of counseling supervision practices in a drug treatment center in Malaysia. The aspects are served as facilitative factors for supervisor to practice counseling supervision in the drug abuse field.
 Methodology: Data were collected using a mixed-method explanatory sequential research design that involved 30 respondents. Two sets of questionnaires were used namely Supervisee Levels Questionnaires-Revised and Supervisee Needs Index. A semi-structured interview was conducted to selected respondents to further explain and justify the quantitative data.
 Main Findings: The findings show that most of the respondents scored highest at motivation subscale and supervisor competency for their supervisee levels and their needs index, respectively. Four themes namely a) attending courses periodically, b) in-house training, c) supervision from the upper management, and (d) consultation from other agencies were examined to corroborate the quantitative results.
 Social implications and novelty: The findings of this study would facilitate the supervisors to focus more on the aspects found in this study throughout their counseling supervision practices. Having identified aspects that should be focused on during supervision would be served as a fundamental framework for future studies pertaining to counseling supervision practices.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This study examines consensus aspects of counseling supervision practices, of which limited studies available in Malaysia. Each aspect of counseling supervision found in this study can be further investigated for future studies.

Limitations of Multicultural Supervision in Clinical Neuropsychology

Abstract Multicultural awareness, competency based clinical supervision, and the clinical neuropsychology subspecialties are areas of growing importance in the psychology field. Specific guidelines exist for multicultural practice, clinical supervision, as well as training in clinical neuropsychology. However, there are significantly fewer resources and training procedures that focus on multicultural supervision, very limited information regarding neuropsychology supervision, and almost non-existent resources that address multicultural considerations in clinical neuropsychology supervision. Objective: This Poster highlights the most important literature regarding general aspects of multicultural supervision in psychology, supervision in clinical neuropsychology, while also introducing ideas and considerations regarding the dire need of multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology. Method The authors reviewed the literature regarding general aspects of multicultural supervision in clinical psychology, supervision in clinical neuropsychology, and additionally highlighted the gaps related to supervision in multicultural neuropsychology. Finally, they introduced ideas to address some of the needs in the arena of supervision in multicultural neuropsychology. Discussion Available resources that explore, delineate, or evaluate competent multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology are absent. Partially, the limited understanding of - and research that focuses on - the influence of diversity in neuropsychological assessment and interventions might explain the lack of resources allotted to competent multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology. It is proposed that in clinical, neuropsychology supervisory process (as in therapy supervision) should include a culturally competent supervisor who can assist in the development of self-awareness, knowledge, and skills in order to provide interventions that understand, honor, and respect the clients’ multiple diversity dimensions.

A comparative analysis of a pathway model and manuals to assess efficiency of pedagogical training in doctoral supervision in Uganda

ABSTRACT Doctoral supervision is increasingly becoming a complex enterprise, calling for highly skilled and competent supervisors. This paper considers a comparative analysis of a three – pathway model and graduate manuals of selected Ugandan universities to forecast the role of pedagogical training in doctoral supervision. The handbooks were in some instances in consistence with the model tracks. However, they, to a larger extent, envisioned informal training of PhD supervisors. The paper discerns, from the model and documents that a doctoral supervisor with pedagogical training may enlist conceptualised and differentiated supervisory skills. A supervisor on- the- job training has the opportunity to develop crystallized skills. A neophyte supervisor is a candidate of ‘supervisory accidents’. In contemporary times, the process of doctoral supervision takes the supervisor’s aptitude, which to a bigger extent is an upshot of formal pedagogical learning. An empirical analysis of the concepts considered in this paper is suggested.

MANAGEMENT OF SUPERVISORS MADRASAH IN QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MADRASAH ALIYAH IN JAMBI PROVINCE (ANALYSIS OF PAI SUBJECT SUPERVISORS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH)

Good supervision will create the professionalism of teachers in learning so as to produce good learning achievements and then produce good graduate competencies. The main questions in this dissertation research are: why is the management of supervisors in improving the quality of madrasah education at MAN / MAS Jambi City, Muaro Jambi District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency and Kerinci District?
 This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods with sampling techniques carried out by purposive sampling. The subjects of this study were the Aliyah Madrasah Supervisor as the key informant, while the Head of the Madrasah Education Division, the City / District Ministry of Religion, the Head of the Aliyah Madrasah, and the teacher as the informant. Furthermore, the technique of collecting data using interviews, observations and documentation studies. Data analysis using flow data analysis models include: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
 The results of this study found that first, the management of supervisors in Madrasah Aliyah has not been done optimally. Madrasah Aliyah supervisors have not yet made detailed monitoring plans based on their time period or period of work. Second, the internal factors that have not been optimal for Islamic Education supervisors in improving the quality of education in Aliyah Madrasah are as follows: 1) Lack of supervisory competence, 2) Low supervisory resources, 3) Lack of supervisory motivation, 4) Lack of supervisory commitment. While external factors have not been optimal, supervisors in improving the quality of Aliyah Madrasah are as follows: 1) Supervisory recruitment. 2) Effect of government policy. 3) Lack of support from the Ministry of Religion. Third, the efforts of Aliyah Madrasah supervisors in improving the quality of education are: 1) Enhancing supervisory abilities. 2) Supervision of supervisor performance, 3) Support from the Ministry of Religion. Fourth, models of supervisors who supervise the madrasa.
 The implication of this research is that the management of supervisors in improving the quality of the Aliyah Madrasah in Jambi Province is reviewed through the application of management functions carried out by the Head of the Ministry of Religion Office, starting from the planning process to the work assessment. The results of this study are recommended to various parties as follows: first, it is expected that the Provincial Ministry of Religion Office as a competent party to supervise the performance of the Aliyah Madrasah supervisors, secondly, it is expected that the head of madrasah proactively assists supervisors in supervising teachers in Madrasah , thirdly the community is demanded cooperation with supervisors in improving the quality of madrasa teachers.

Global Rules for a Global Market Place? – The Regulation and Supervision of FinTech Providers

Financial technology (FinTech) revolutionizes the way in which financial services are rendered. Although the phenomenon is not new, it has taken on a novel dimension. Markets which were once national are morphing into global ones. The interest in regulating them not only exists, but to some extent is even higher compared to traditional services. This article illustrates the many different needs for regulating FinTech providers, from the protection of investors and consumers to the fight against money laundering and tax evasion. The article demonstrates that these questions cannot be adequately addressed by a laboratory free space or by self-regulation. It also shows that idiosyncratic national rules would result in legal fragmentation and deprive the world of the benefit that digital services can provide. The paper suggests therefore that global standards would be the most adequate solution for the regulation of global services. It proposes to re-conceptualize the FSB and to transform it into a ‘Financial Stability and Innovation Board’. In light of the diverging customs, knowledge and practices of residents around the world, the global standards need to be complemented by tailored national rules. Also, global rule harmonization will not cause differences in supervision to disappear. Regulatory competition and arbitrage might give incentives to countries to lower their supervisory standards, accepting negative externalities for residents of other states in order to become a global FinTech hub. This tendency must be countered by a competition for the strictest quality of supervision. Since such a competition requires transparency, this article suggests requiring mandatory information about the competent supervisor in any marketing and customer communication by a FinTech service provider. Through experience and ratings of supervisors, a run for quality will be triggered.

Supervision of Academic Supervisor and Quality of ‎Education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Supervisors are one of the most important elements in ensuring the quality of madrasah education. Therefore, the duty of the supervisor have to be in accordance with the work program about the quality of education in the madrasah is in accordance with the standards set by the madrasah. The maximum implementation of supervisory to the academic supervision will help the quality of madrasah education to be achieved. This study aims to determine the academic supervisory competence of madrasah supervisors, the quality of madarasah education, and the relation of academic supervisory competence and the quality of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education in the Sub-district of West Ungaran Barat, Semarang District.This study used the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. And the data analysis used flow flows. The conclusion of this study was that the academic supervision competence of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah supervisor has been carried out but has not been maximally in accordance with the supervisor's work program. While, the education quality of MI Nyatnyono 2 and MI Lerep in the process standards and results have not been maximized. And the relations of the supervisors' academic competency supervision and MI (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) quality education are associative relations in the form of cooperation, accommodation and supervisory associations in conducting academic supervision in the MI so that the quality of MI education in standard processes and results can be carried out even though it is not maximized.

Supervisory Competencies of School Heads in Relation to Teachers’ Performance

Supervision is an important indicator of school effectiveness, along with quality teaching, which affects students’ learning. This study aimed to determine the supervisory competencies of school heads concerning teachers’ performance in Secondary Schools in the Titay district. The descriptive-correlational method was used employing a survey questionnaire involving 168 teachers and eight school heads. Data were analyzed using weighted mean, Mann Whitney U-test, Kruskal Wallis H-Test, and Spearman rho correlation coefficient. Findings revealed that school heads were very competent, and teachers were very satisfactory in all indicators except for professional growth and development, and special assignments/tasks. There was no significant difference existed in the supervisory competencies when school heads were grouped according to profile, and no significant difference in the performance when teachers’ were grouped according to age, sex, position, and length of service, however, a significant difference was noted in educational background. Results also revealed a moderate correlation between supervisory competencies and teachers’ performance (Spearman Correlation = ±0.48). Thus, school heads were generally competent, and teachers’ were performing their duties and responsibilities very satisfactorily. However, they need guidance in professional growth and development aspects. The supervisory competencies play an important role since it can be equated with the teachers’ performance; hence, be emphasized in aiming for quality teachers’ performance.

Supervision training interventions in the health and human services: realist synthesis protocol

IntroductionSupervision training aims to develop workplace supervisory competencies. Despite extensive supervision literature, including literature reviews, the processes through which supervision training interventions produce their effects, for whom and under what...