Intensity Of Supervision Research Articles

Research on Women's Employment Discrimination

At present, there are still major problems in employment of female college students China, the most important of which are employment discrimination. The current law has not made practical regulations on employment discrimination of invisible female universities. At the same time, it is too broad for explicit employment discrimination regulations, and the actual effect is not obvious. We should also study and discuss the employment discrimination phenomenon of female college students, and prevent and solve the employment discrimination of female college students from the level of improving the level of employment guidance for female college students, the development and improvement of the protection of female employment rights, and strengthening the intensity of inspection supervision. Different data and data will be collected in the article to reflect the three different aspects of discrimination in the workplace, namely physical discrimination, treatment discrimination and marriage discrimination. Solving this problem is also separate from three perspectives, national policies, ideological education, and self -awareness. The state needs to formulate more laws to protect women. Society needs to change the traditional ideas in the past, and women must strengthen their consciousness, have a better attitude, and become more confident.

Does the development of digital inclusive finance improve the enthusiasm and quality of corporate green technology innovation?

Clarifying the impact of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on green technology innovation is of great practical significance to promote the high-quality development of the green economy in developing countries. In contrast to existing research, this paper conducts a comparative study from the perspectives of innovation enthusiasm and innovation quality and creatively measures the latter based on the annual number of citations of green patents. On this basis, this paper takes Chinese A-share listed companies and the DIF index from 2011 to 2020 as the research objects, finding that the development of DIF has a more significant impact on the quality of green technology innovation than enthusiasm. The characteristics of the external environment, including financial supervision and financing constraints, may have different impacts on the innovation-driven effect of DIF, so the moderating effect model and the threshold model are used to analyze them. In particular, when the government's financial supervision intensity value for DIF is between 0.0024 and 0.0025, financial security can be taken into account, and the high-quality development of green technology can be achieved. In terms of enterprise characteristics, state-owned enterprises and enterprises that do not have a combination of general managers and chairmen can significantly achieve the green innovation-driven effect of DIF. For pollution-intensive enterprises, government supervision is necessary to help them achieve high-quality development of green technology innovation. This study provides policy implications for developing countries around the world to achieve green development by promoting the DIF level.

Research on the evolution of supervision strategy of renewable energy+energy storage under China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal.

The renewable energy+energy storage model has an important role to play in achieving China's proposal of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal. In order to study the development mechanism of renewable energy+storage cooperation with government participation, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model among government, renewable energy generators, and energy storage service suppliers, based on the data of a renewable energy+storage project in a Chinese province. In this paper, we analyze the game process and the factors affecting the behavioral strategies of the three parties through numerical simulation. The study shows that the government regulation has a positive effect on the cooperative development of renewable energy+energy storage, and it can effectively restrain the wasteful phenomenon of renewable energy generation by means of punishment and improve the operating income of cooperative projects by means of subsidies, which can help the enterprises to broaden the application scenarios of energy storage. The government can effectively promote the improvement of renewable energy+energy storage cooperation mechanism by formulating regulatory mechanism, controlling the cost of supervision, and dynamically adjusting the intensity of supervision. Therefore, the research in this paper not only enriches the research related to renewable energy+energy storage mode but also provides valuable reference for the government to formulate regulatory policies related to renewable energy+energy storage.

How much can farmers pay for weeding robots? A Monte Carlo simulation study

This paper investigates the Maximum Acquisition Values (MAVs) of weeding robots and their determinants in both organic and conventional sugar beet farming in Germany. The MAV is defined in this paper as the price of the weeding robot that renders the same net profit as the current weeding methods. For our analysis, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is used, combined with empirical data and data collected from weeding robot companies. The results show that the MAVs of mechanical weeding robots for organic farming are substantially higher than that of spot spraying robots for conventional farming. Technology attributes are more influential than labour cost in determining the MAVs of weeding robots: in organic farming, technology attributes such as area capacity and weeding efficiency impact the MAVs of mechanical weeding robots the most; in conventional farming, supervision intensity and the robot’s ability to save herbicides are the most influential factors. The wage rate of unskilled labour, relevant for manual weeding, plays a more important role in determining the MAVs than that of skilled labour, relevant for supervision of the robot. This implies that a shortage of seasonal workers and hence increases in the wage of low-skilled labour could be important drivers of the adoption of mechanical weeding robots. Plot characteristics such as plot size and mechanisation level only have limited impacts on the MAVs.

Efforts to Build Nationalism Values to Vocational High School Students with The implementation of Character Education

In Indonesia, character education first appeared since 2010 to be implemented at all levels of education, from elementary school to university. This is indicated by the presence of character value content in the Lesson Plan (RPP) and learning syllabus. However, these efforts are considered to have not been able to fully deliver the nation's generation into dignified individuals, because the output of educational graduates produced is only limited to giving birth to a high intellectual level but good character values and personality attitudes have not been seen in the life of the nation and state. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were school principals, deputy heads of student affairs and teachers. The research data were obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that the organization, implementation, evaluation and follow-up of the implementation of policies to strengthen character education related to efforts to instill nationalism values have been carried out with an integration process through intra-curricular, co-curricular, extra-curricular and school culture activities. Suggestions from this study are to continue to increase the intensity of supervision of the implementation of PPK (Strengthening Character Education), improve the quality of PPK activities in an effort to instill character values in students.

A test for implicit bias in discretionary criminal justice decisions.

Our goal was to develop a framework to test for implicit racial bias in discretionary decisions made by community supervision agents in conditions with increasing information ambiguity. We reasoned that as in-person contact decreases, community supervision officers' specific knowledge of clients would be replaced by heuristics that lead to racially disproportionate outcomes in higher discretion events. Officers' implicit biases would lead to disproportionately higher technical violation rates among Black community corrections' clients when they have less personal contact, but we expected no analogous increase in nondiscretionary decisions. Using data from Black and White clients entering probation and postrelease supervision in North Carolina from 2012 through 2016, we estimated the difference in racial disparities in discretionary versus nondiscretionary decisions across five levels of supervision. We evaluated the robustness of our main fixed-effects model using an alternative regression discontinuity design. Racial disparities in discretionary decisions grew as supervision intensity decreased, and the bias was larger for women than men. There was no similar pattern of increased disparity for nondiscretionary decisions. Criminal justice system actors have a great deal of discretion, particularly in how they deal with less serious criminal behavior. Although decentralized decisions are foundational to the function of the criminal justice system, they provide an opportunity for implicit bias to seep in. Shortcuts and mental heuristics are more influential when the decision-maker's mental resources are already strained-for instance, if someone is tired, distracted, or overworked. Therefore, limiting discretion and increasing oversight and accountability may reduce the impact of implicit bias on criminal justice system outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Dodging justice: characteristics of men with multiple victims who evade detection for long periods

ABSTRACT Little is known about men who sexually abuse multiple children and evade detection for long periods. This group is responsible for inflicting significant harm due to the severity, and longevity of their offending. The aim of the study was to identify men who perpetrate persistent sexual offences against children and differentiate them by those with long detection lags (LDLs) (n = 35) and short detection lags (SDLs) (n = 35) using police databases and case files. The men were compared on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, victimisation, psychopathic traits, antisocial orientation, atypical sexual interest, and descriptive sexual offence variables. The LDL participants had more psychopathic traits, more pre-pubescent child victims, more often be in professional employment and have less antisocial and criminogenic indicators than the comparative SDL group. These findings have significant practical implications for reduced victimisation through early identification, forensic risk assessment, treatment and earlier prevention strategies for CSA. Practice impact statement The current findings have important and practical implications within forensic risk assessment, especially Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) when assessing specific groups of offenders. In addition, research informed SPJ can better prioritise policing investigative resources, both retrospectively (e.g. identifying victims) and prospectively (e.g. reducing detection lags and victimisation) while defensively informing the criminal justice system of the most appropriate supervision intensity and intervention modalities for men with clinical and forensic indicators of potential high victimisation and longer detection lags.

Makassar City Government Intensity in Supervision and Regulation of Foreign Residents as a Form of Safeguarding the Sovereignty of the Indonesian Nation

Makassar is now one of the most attractive cities for foreigners to visit; this then needs to be taken seriously by the authorities and those who have the power to carry out the supervisory function of these foreigners because the data revealed that in 2018 13 foreigners are detected as committing violations until they enter the realm of immigration crime, indirectly this will be a threat to the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Proposed research The implementation of supervision of foreigners and foreign community organisations are aimed at maintaining the upholding of the Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Achieving these monitoring objectives requires an optimal role from the city government, which must also involve other elements such as relevant government agencies and the community—bearing in mind also that supervision is one of the roles of the government related to its administrative functions. The research uses a descriptive analysis approach, which will seek or describe the intensity of supervision and regulation of the Makassar City Government for foreigners in maintaining the nation’s sovereignty. The type of research applied is research with a writing method with a normative juridical approach (normative legal analysis), which refers to legal norms contained in legislation that uses a normative footing. The results of the study show the following: (a) Makassar City Government's intensity in Supervision and Regulation of Foreign Residents as a form of safeguarding National Sovereignty is carried out through the Makassar City National and Political Unity Agency by forming a Foreigner Supervision Team (POA) to carry out its supervisory role in the form of monitoring of the presence of foreigners in Makassar. Kesbangpol also involves the Regional Intelligence Community, abbreviated as Kominda, to facilitate the monitoring of foreigners in Makassar City. (b) The process of carrying out verification is the main task of the immigration authorities to carry out data collection. Data on foreigners from the immigration department is then coordinated with the Makassar City Government in a meeting of the Foreigner Supervision Team (POA). Keywords: Intensity, Surveillance, Foreign Residents, City Government

Implementation of the supervisory function in fostering the competence of the principal's academic supervision on the performance assessment of kindergarten teachers

The purpose of this study is to describe how the implementation of the supervisory function in fostering the competence of the principal's academic supervision on the performance assessment of kindergarten teachers in Banda Aceh City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research was conducted at the Kindergarten in Banda Aceh City. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews. The standard of data validity in qualitative research refers to the standards of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis with data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are the results of this study conclude that the supervision carried out by the principal on the implementation of the Teacher Performance Assessment has been carried out systematically and programmed, so that teachers feel the assistance of the principal in improving their performance. Factors that support the successful implementation of the supervisory function in fostering the competence of principals' academic supervision on the implementation of teacher performance are the factors of principals and teachers who have a desire to improve their performance through academic supervision activities shown by a cooperative attitude towards the supervision process. Meanwhile, the obstacles are the principal's lack of knowledge about Teacher Performance Assessment, the number of teachers who must be fostered and the lack of intensity of academic supervision of teachers. Meanwhile, the solution is to follow teacher performance appraisal training, increase the intensity of class visit supervision and increase academic supervision development programs and teacher performance appraisals on a regular and continuous basis.

Earnings pressure, external supervision, and corporate environmental protection investment: Comparison between heavy-polluting and non-heavy-polluting industries

Environmental protection investment (EPI) is an important part of promoting firms’ green development and fostering sustainability. However, few studies have discussed the influencing factors of EPI at the micro-firm level. This study uses data on Chinese A-share listed companies covering 2008 to 2020 empirically examine how earnings pressure from the capital market affects EPI and investigate the moderating effect of external supervision intensity. The results show that firms with earnings pressure have a significantly negative impact on the EPI scale, which is observed mainly in the non-heavy-polluting samples. Moreover, increased external supervision intensity reduces the negative impact of earnings pressure on the EPI scale. This study further finds that the manipulation of EPI by managers under earnings pressure supplements discretionary expenses manipulation. In addition, firms that invest more in environmental protection experience reduced current profitability and market values. These findings provide novel insights into the impact of earnings pressure on corporate financial behavior and offer theoretical guidance and policy recommendations useful for both regulators and stakeholders.

Autonomous rectification behavior of coal mine safety hazards under a gambling mind: From an evolutionary game perspective

Safety supervision is an important approach for urging coal mining enterprises to ensure safe production. However, in the face of safety supervision, different interests have a gambling mind for their own benefit, which leads to a loss of risk identification. Moreover, the literature on the analysis of coal mine safety supervision through game methods mainly focuses on how to improve the intensity of supervision. Additionally, research on evolutionary game analysis that considers a gambling mind and research that distinguishes between levels of supervisory intensity are lacking. Therefore, this paper takes the main stakeholders involved in the mine safety supervision, namely, the government supervision departments and the coal mining enterprises as research objects. An evolutionary game model is established. The gambling mind, supervisory intensity, joint liability and other factors are considered in the proposed model. Moreover, this paper also conducts a numerical simulation of the evolutionary game model to analyze the stability of stakeholder interactions and to propose methods for coal mine safety supervision procedures based on the analytical results. The simulation results show that improving the risk identification ability of coal mining enterprises is the key factor for urging coal mining enterprises to take the initiative to rectify safety hazards and avoid accidents. Increasing the frequency of supervision without increasing the penalties can also make the system stable in the optimal state for a long period of time. Increasing joint liability is not conducive to the game system maintaining stability, and has no impact on the supervisory efficiency of government supervision departments. The research results hold great theoretical and practical significance for improving the safety and process management of coal mining enterprises.

PENGARUH SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU SEKOLAH DASARNEGERI DI KOORDINATOR SATUAN PENDIDIKAN KECAMATAN SEMARANG BARAT

Pedagogic competence must be possessed by all teachers in managing learning in the classroom so that learning objectives can be achieved. The aims of this study were to: 1) determine the magnitude of the influence of academic supervision on teachers' pedagogic competence, 2) determine the magnitude of the influence of organizational culture on teachers' pedagogical competence, and 3) determine the magnitude of the influence of academic supervision and organizational culture together on teachers' pedagogical competence. The research approach used is quantitative. This type of research uses associative research. The population of this study was 471 teachers and the research sample was 216 teachers. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive data analysis, prerequisite test which includes normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, linearity test and hypothesis testing including simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) The correlation between academic supervision and teacher pedagogic competence was 0.907. The effect of academic supervision on teacher professionalism is 82.2%, (2) The correlation between organizational culture and teacher pedagogic competence is 0.605. The influence of organizational culture on teachers' pedagogic competence is 66.6%, (3) The correlation between academic supervision and organizational culture on teachers' pedagogic competence is 0.907 and 0.605. The influence of academic supervision and organizational culture on teacher professionalism is 82.2%. The conclusion of this study is that academic supervision and organizational culture affect teacher professionalism by 0.822 or 82.2%. The author suggests that the principal provide direction and guidance, especially regarding the development of students, then the teacher must also pay attention to the talents and interests of students. The principal can reflect and evaluate by increasing the intensity of supervision. Principals can motivate and provide guidance to encourage teachers to complete work well and be oriented towards stability so as to improve teacher performance. Keywords: Pedagogic Competence, Academic Supervision, Organizational Culture.

A Rapid Review of Literature on Factors Associated with Adult Probation Revocations

ABSTRACT Criminal justice stakeholders have increasingly relied on probation supervision as an alternative to incarceration and yet, probation revocations often result in incarceration. As such, increased understanding of the mechanisms behind revocations and strategies to reduce them is critical. We conduct a rapid review of the literature on factors associated with probation revocations. Specifically, we review 50 articles on how probation officer behavior, officer-client relationships, caseload size, supervision intensity, monetary sanctions, probation client characteristics, or programming and services are associated with probation revocations. Though the literature is limited, and findings are mixed, the most consistent findings indicate that officer-client relationships involving trust, support, respect, and empathy as well as reduced caseload sizes and cognitive behavioral therapy programs are associated with probation success while intensive supervision programs; greater monetary sanctions and nonpayment of those sanctions; and being Black and less educated are associated with poorer supervision outcomes. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.

Research on Food Safety Control Based on Evolutionary Game Method from the Perspective of the Food Supply Chain

Food safety is related to people’s health and the sustainable development of the food supply chain, so it is of crucial practical significance to study food supply chain quality management. This paper employs the evolutionary game method to develop a tripartite evolutionary game model that reflects the interaction of interests among food raw material suppliers, food manufacturers, and consumers. It identifies the key factors that influence the decision-making of each game participant and attempts to use these factors to guide the behavior of the food supply chain members scientifically. The study results demonstrate that sustainable management of food supply chains can be improved by strengthening the intensity of government supervision, narrowing the production cost gap between high-quality and poor-quality food raw materials, improving the inspection ability of the food manufacturer, increasing complaint incentives of consumers, etc. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions and countermeasures for the government to improve the supervision mechanism of food safety, thereby achieving sustainable management of the food supply chain.

Research on the carbon emission regulation and optimal state of market structure: Based on the perspective of evolutionary game of different stages

In the background of green and low-carbon development, many enterprises still have illegal emission behaviors to obtain excess revenue. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to restrain the illegal emission behaviors of enterprises through external supervision. This paper mainly studies the regulatory system composed of government and enterprises. We divide the regulation into two phases: loose regulation and strict regulation, analyzed the impact of government regulatory intensity on carbon emission behavior enterprises and industry market structure through the evolutionary game model. The results show that with the increase of the intensity of government supervision, leading enterprises will gradually complete the transformation and upgrading from low carbon to compliant production. The leading enterprises with low carbon technology have strengthened their dominant position in the market, while the enterprises without low carbon technology are constrained by carbon emissions and can only continue to stay in the industry market by buying carbon emission rights or exiting the market. The industry market structure gradually changed from a decentralized competition structure to a centralized oligopoly structure.

Opening price manipulation and its value influences

We investigate how opening price manipulation influences market behaviors and investors' returns. Analyzing direct evidence comprising 87 opening price manipulation cases, and indirect evidence consisting of 19,003 suspected cases detected by an opening price manipulation identification model that we construct, we examine the impact of manipulation on mispricing, investors' welfare, trading activity and price volatility. Our results indicate that manipulated stocks experience significantly lower returns and a higher probability of price reversal after manipulation. Investors who purchase manipulated stocks at their opening price, or the volume-weighted average price, on the manipulation day make losses on their investments. Further, manipulation increases market trading activity and price volatility due to the influx of retail investors. Our additional analysis demonstrates that enhancing the intensity of external supervision and internal governance can mitigate mispricing caused by opening price manipulation. Our study provides novel evidence of the economic consequences of open market manipulation and policy implications for governments and regulators to develop effective supervisory processes to reduce manipulation and mitigate its impact on efficient markets.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Miners' Unsafe Behaviors in Intelligent Mines using a Novel Hybrid MCDM Model.

Coal mine accidents seriously affect people’s safety and social development, and intelligent mines have improved the production safety environment. However, safety management and miners’ work in intelligent mines face new changes and higher requirements, and the safety situation remains challenging. Therefore, exploring the key influencing factors of miners’ unsafe behaviors in intelligent mines is important. Our work focuses on (1) investigating the relationship and hierarchy of 20 factors, (2) using fuzzy theory to improve the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method and introducing the maximum mean de-entropy (MMDE) method to determine the unique threshold scientifically, and (3) developing a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to provide theoretical basis and methods for managers. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the influence degree of government regulation, leadership attention, safety input level, safety system standardization, and dynamic supervision intensity exert the most significant influence on the others; (2) the causality of government regulation, which is the deep factor, is the highest, and self-efficacy displays the smallest causality, and it is the most sensitive compared to various other factors; (3) knowledge accumulation ability, man–machine compatibility, emergency management capability, and organizational safety culture has the highest centrality among the individual factors, device factors, management factors, and environmental factors, respectively. Thus, corresponding management measures are proposed to improve coal mine safety and miners’ occupational health.

Building an open and stable capital market: a supervision intensity perspective

This article investigates the impact of supervision intensity on stock price crash risk (SPCR) in China. A firm’s decision to hide bad news lies in the trade-off between the benefits of violation and the costs of being punished by government regulations. Our research findings reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between SPCR and supervision intensity. Institutional shareholding strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between supervision intensity and SPCR through the mediating effect. This inverted U-shaped relationship is even more sensitive in low transparency firms. Better local market conditions and external auditing seemingly enhance supervision effectiveness, and hence mitigate SPCR. This article also discusses the supervision of other developed countries, such as the USA, Japan, and the UK, as well as other historical evidence to further inform the design of open and stable capital markets, particularly in the Chinese context.

Credit Risk Evaluation of Forest Farmers under Internet Crowdfunding Mode: The Case of China’s Collective Forest Regions

To effectively quantify and control the credit risk of forest farmers under internet crowdfunding mode, the combined weighting of norm grey correlation, the improved analytic hierarchy process and empirical mode decomposition method are proposed to measure the credit risk, and the interval rough number DEMATEL method is used to analyze the credit risk factors of forest farmers. Through the calculation of comprehensive influence degree, it is concluded that the degree of investor information asymmetry, the intensity of supervision, the degree of innovation and cooperation between funders and investors are the main credit risk factors of forest farmers under internet crowdfunding mode, and a credit risk control mechanism is constructed according to the main credit risk factors to effectively improve the risk management and control level of forest farmers.

An Empirical Test of the Factor Structure of the Violence Risk Scale and Its Measurement Invariance Across Time and Cultural Groups

Violence risk assessment instruments are used to inform key decisions about treatment planning and delivery, release on parole, and intensity of supervision in the community. Yet, limited published information is available about psychometric properties other than predictive validity. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance across pretreatment to posttreatment and cultural groups of one of the most widely used violence risk assessment instruments, the Violence Risk Scale (VRS). Data from 366 completed assessments at preintervention and postintervention phases for adults serving custodial sentences for violent offenses in an Australian jurisdiction were subject to confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated four intercorrelated but conceptually independent dimensions. Furthermore, measurement invariance was established across pretreatement and posttreatment occasions and different cultural groups. However, latent means comparison revealed significant difference across cultural groups, raising questions about sensitivity and generalizability of the VRS when used with diverse cultural groups.