Substitution Program Research Articles

Региональная и отраслевая экономика технологического суверенитета России

Introduction. The current state of economic development is due to a long period of spatial infrastructure formation, which is the basis for the formation of a state policy actual concept in its priority areas. The socio-economic strategy of the Russian Federation is currently, for objective reasons, associated with the implementation of the import substitution program. The issue of creating a concept for the formation of technological sovereignty as the main driver of the development of the regional, sectoral economy and the economy of the country as a whole is outlined in the current agenda. Theoretical analysis. The unprecedented economic sanctions imposed against Russia were aimed at weakening Russia’s role on a global scale. The response was the announcement of an immediate course of state policy aimed at intensifying the technical and technological development of the country. Since 2005, the Russian Federation has formed not only import substitution mechanisms, but also created its own innovative infrastructure for the implementation of the spatial economic development strategy. Empirical analysis. Research in the field of the technological sovereignty concept formation has allowed us to formulate a number of global problems and challenges to be solved. The basis of the conceptual presentation were the strategic directions of scientific and technological development formulated by the President of Russia for the period up to 2030. The revitalization of the domestic system is the starting point for building internal potential and establishing stable foreign economic relations. Results. Having considered the existing forms and mechanisms of economic space formation, it became possible to identify the main sites on the basis of which priority strategic directions of development will be implemented. The key tasks in achieving technological sovereignty are to change the system of personnel training, the formation of technological and scientific potentials, the creation of an ecosystem of interaction of various representatives, the implementation of a cluster approach in industry and the creation of investment attractiveness in the regions. As a regulatory mechanism for achieving technological sovereignty, the formation of approaches to the definition of the concept of “technoeconomics” as a new sector in the economic space to achieve the fundamental stability of the Russian economy is proposed.

Translating the lived experience of illicit drinkers into program guidance for cannabis substitution: Experiences from the Canadian Managed Alcohol Program Study

A small but growing body of research has suggested the potential for cannabis substitution to support Managed Alcohol Program (MAP) service users to reduce acute and chronic alcohol-related harms. In 2022, researchers from the Canadian Managed Alcohol Program Study (CMAPS) noted a dearth of accessible, alcohol-specific educational resources to support service users and program staff to implement cannabis substitution pilots at several MAP sites in Canada. In this essay, we draw on over 10-years of collaboration between CMAPS, and organizations of people with lived experience (the Eastside Illicit Drinkers Group for Education (EIDGE) and SOLID Victoria) to describe our experiences co-creating cannabis education resources where none existed to support MAP sites interested in beginning to provide cannabis to participants. The research team relied on the unique lived experiences and informal cannabis-related harm reduction strategies described by EIDGE and SOLID members to create cannabis education resources that were accurate and relevant to MAP sites. EIDGE was familiar with creating peer-oriented educational resources and convened meetings and focus groups to engage peers. CMAPS research team members created standard cannabis unit equivalencies to support program delivery, and clinical advisors ensured that the stated risks and benefits of cannabis substitution, as well as tapering guidance for withdrawal management, were safe and feasible. The collaboration ultimately produced tailored client-facing and provider-facing resources. Our experience demonstrates that the lived expertise of drinkers can play an integral role in creating alcohol harm reduction informational materials, specifically those related to cannabis substitution, when combined with data from rigorous, community-based programs of research like CMAPS. We close by listing additional considerations for cannabis substitution program design for MAP settings emerging from this process of collaboration between illicit drinkers, service providers, clinicians, and researchers for consideration by other programs.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE POSITION OF THE FIRST THREAD TURN OF THE ROLLER ALONG ITS AXIS ON THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF THE LOAD IN A NUT-FREE ROLLER DRIVE

In mechanical engineering, screw drives are widely used, which convert rotational motion into translational motion. These include roller drives (RD), which have high performance characteristics and are by far the most promising. For the production of RD, special expensive imported machines are required, therefore, in Russia, as part of the import substitution program, nut-free RDs have been developed, the manufacture of which is possible on universal equipment. They are chosen as the object of research. For reliable, durable and economical operation of nut-free RDs, their reliable calculations are required according to the most important performance criteria. In this case, first, a force calculation of the transmission is performed, then its details, connections of details and transmission as a whole mechanism are calculated for strength, rigidity, durability, etc. The article considers the force calculation of nut-free RD, which have a number of features, including the feature of loading its intermediate parts - threaded rollers. A force from the actuator acts on the roller along its axial line, and roller is balanced by axial forces on the thread of the roller interacting with the thread of the screw. From here, the overturning moment from axial forces acts on the roller, which is balanced by the redistribution of forces on the thread of the roller and the forces from the two rings that keep the roller from radial movement. This leads to uneven distribution of the load between the thread turns of the roller, which is estimated by the coefficient of uneven loading. The article reveals a design parameter that leads to a change in the coefficient of uneven loading of a nut-free RD during operation. That parameter is the position along the axis of the first thread turn from the end of the roller, which receives the load (working thread turns) from the actuator, and other working thread turns along the axis of the roller. The reason for this change is the variation in the number of working threads turns of the roller and the distance of the balancing force on the working turns. At the same time, the range of the coefficient of uneven loading of a nut-free RD is quite large and must be taken into account in the calculations.

The Narrative Construction of State (il)Legitimacy in Colombia's Peace Laboratory1,2

How is state legitimacy established in areas where it has long been lacking? While scholars have generally explained the construction of legitimacy as a consequence of state actions and used survey research or experiments to describe local evaluations of the state, in this article I describe the microprocesses that link the two: how communities experience the state, collectively make sense of it, and behave in ways that consent to or challenge state power. Based on 3 years of ethnographic fieldwork in a rural Colombian village experiencing growing state presence after decades of armed group control, I theorize the emergence of state legitimacy or illegitimacy as a process of narrative construction. Locals facing a landmark peace process and a coca substitution program that has destroyed the local economy make sense of the state by constructing narratives about it that spread throughout the community. These narratives combine with material need to influence forms of social action that demonstrate assent to or defiance of state power—behavior that communities also understand through public narratives. Fine‐grained ethnographic description of the narrative construction of legitimacy demonstrates the importance of collective meaning‐making processes to political beliefs and behavior.

Strategic Approaches to Ensuring Technological Sovereignty in the Energy Sector

This article discusses strategic approaches to ensuring technological sovereignty in the energy industry. Special attention is paid to the development of the Russian standardization system for oil and gas equipment and technologies based on the established Institute of Oil and Gas Technological Initiatives, which includes Russian and foreign oil and gas companies. Effective forms and methods of implementing import substitution programs, consolidating industry demand for oil and gas equipment and technologies, preparing standards and conducting conformity assessments of enterprises on them, as well as possible options for international cooperation based on the creation of a unified legal field in the field of standardization are proposed. The research carried out by the author made it possible to formulate strategic priorities for the implementation of domestic technological policy in the oil and gas complex, aimed at solving topical issues of import substitution and ensuring technological sovereignty. Ensuring technological sovereignty in the energy sector is a strategic task that requires consolidation of efforts at the state, industry and corporate levels of management.

China's automotive industry: 70 years of sustainable development

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Rapid growth of vehicle production volume has brought the automotive industry of China to the first place in the world. The vehicle production volumes account for about 27 million pieces per year. The paper addresses the history of development of the automotive industry in China. It presents factors that have caused sudden innovative development, creation of research and development basis and increase of vehicle production in the country. The paper also reviews the prospects for development of the automotive industry. Measures for development of the automotive industry within the planning and management system taken by the Government of the People's Republic of China could serve as a good example for our country for implementation of measures to reduce dependence on unfriendly countries in order to ensure its further development.The purpose of the study is to analyze approaches and cause-and-effect relations of the Chinese economy development by the example of a specific industry – the automotive industry.Methodology and research methods. This study uses analytical methods for assessment of management solutions and provides results of automotive industry development in a specific country.Scientific novelty and results. The policies and actions by the Government of China have been examined regarding automotive industry development, as well as management solutions underlying its development and proven by practical implementation of successful projects.Practical significance. By the example of China, the possibilities of implementation of import substitution programs, improvement of sanctions stability, overcoming a crisis and dependence of domestic automotive industry on foreign companies from unfriendly countries have been considered.

Approaches to the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter to monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains

Introduction. Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common diarrhea-associated infections over the world. The situation is getting worse along with increasing cases of the disease caused by the Campylobacter spp. pathogen resistant to antimicrobials (AMPs). Preventing the disease requires monitoring the spread of resistant Campylobacter strains isolated from both sick people and animals, food, and water. 
 Aim of the study is to evaluate the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter according to the requirements of the EUCAST and CLSI methodologies using Russia-made nutrient media. 
 Materials and methods. Collected and freshly isolated strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus and C. lari were used. Campylobacter cultures were subcultured on Campylobacter Agar Base (HiMedia), Preston laboratory-produced medium and iron-erythritol blood agar (Obolensk). Their sensitivity to AMPs was determined by three methods as ffollows: disc diffusion, gradient diffusion and microdilutions using Mueller-Hinton agar, and broth of two manufacturers (BD BBL and Obolensk) according to EUCAST and CLSI.
 Results. Using Russian-made and imported Mueller-Hinton agar and broth allowed obtaining identical results for AMPs susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. The campylobacter strains were attributed to the same susceptibility category by all three methods in frame of any methodology (EUCAST or CLSI) when interpreting results. Due to differences in cutoffs of MIC and inhibition zone diameters in the EUCAST and CLSI standards, there were some differences in the interpretation of the results.
 Limitations. Eight strains of four species Campylobacter were tested for their susceptibility to three antimicrobials by three methods according to EUCAST and CLSI methodology.
 Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the possibility of applying a complex of domestic nutrient media for cultivating and monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Campylobacter spp. This is especially important in view of implementing the import substitution program.

RESTORATION OF KNIVES OF COMPOSITE PLOUGHSHARES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COMPANY «LEMKEN»)

The orientation of Russian agriculture to the use of imported machinery has led to negative consequences. The introduction of sanctions by European states led to an increase in the market price of replaceable parts and an increase in scarcity. The way out of this situation is to organize workshops for the restoration of worn parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing and describing in detail (with explanatory illustrative materials) the technological process of restoring knives of composite ploughshares. (Materials and methods) We have determined that it is necessary to ensure minimum economic costs; simplicity of operations; the ability to perform technology elements by low-skilled personnel; simplicity and availability of materials, tools, fixtures and equipment. (Results and discussion) The technological process was based on the method of repair inserts, which are welded to the knife instead of the worn area. Inserts can be made from discarded spring sheets having a hardness of about 45 on the Rockwell scale. It was established that the restoration process consists of three stages: preparation of the knife for restoration; preparation of the insert; restoration. They have shown that the technological process is simple, versatile, there is no need for complex equipment and can be implemented in enterprises with minimal technical equipment. It can be adapted to restore the knives of ploughshares of other companies. It was noted that this technology fits into the import substitution program. (Conclusions) The developed technology of restoration of knives of composite ploughshares of the Lemken company was presented in a text version and in illustrations. The technology is characterized by simplicity of execution, versatility and can be adapted for the repair of knives from other companies.

Quantitative Methods of Selecting a Tool for Project Management in the Financial Sector

The relevance of the study is due to the difficulties inherent in the selection of tools designed for effective project management in the financial sector, as well as the increasing competition in the financial services market. Within the framework of this article, the features of the choice of a project management tool in the financial sector based on the use of quantitative methods that make the decision-making process significantly more meaningful and effective are disclosed.The aim of the study is to develop elements of a methodology for quantitative analysis of alternative tools, including recommendations on the choice of alternatives and criteria for their analysis, as well as the complex use of various methods to justify the final choice of an instrument.The research materials and methods reflected in the methodology of quantitative analysis of alternative project management tools in the financial sphere, and implemented in the course of the research, are based on supplementing the results obtained through the use of the classical basic level method – the method of geometric averages by methods of advanced level decision theory – the method of eigenvalues and vectors, as well as the ideal point method. In order to comprehensively analyze the project implementation support systems on the market and their instrumental capabilities, a twostage methodology is proposed in the research process, including both qualitative and quantitative assessment of available alternatives. The formalized assessment of the functionality of the pre-selected tools made it possible to justify the choice of the most preferred alternative. Particular attention is paid to the issues of attracting additional information to reduce uncertainty in the considered choice situation. Results. The main result of the conducted research was the scheme of substantiation of the optimal choice of a tool includes the construction of a variety of alternatives – tools of domestic and foreign development, the construction of a variety of criteria and the attraction of additional information to form a hierarchy of criteria, as well as a consistent quantitative assessment of each selected alternative according to all the criteria under consideration. The constructed set of alternatives includes the tools of Jira Software, Asana, Bitrix24, Megaplan, GanttPro, YouGile and Planfix. The set of criteria is limited to the six most significant criteria: “Convenience of communication within the framework of the tool”; “Price of the tool”; “Level of complexity of the tool”; “Integration with external services”; “Functionality of the tool”; “Convenience and simplicity of the tool interface”. The presented system of criteria takes into account the main functional and instrumental characteristics necessary for systems to support the implementation of projects in the financial sector at the level of small and medium-sized businesses.Conclusion. The content of the article can be useful for improving decision-making processes during technological renewal and digitalization of projects in the financial sphere of small and medium-sized businesses in the context of the implementation of import substitution programs, the development of optimal choice mechanisms under several criteria. The described structure of the applied problem of multi-criteria selection can be used to update the content of such professionally significant academic disciplines for higher economic school as “Decision Theory” and “Instrumental methods in Economics”.

‘We don’t eat those bananas’: Chinese plantation expansions and bordering on Northern Myanmar’s Kachin borderlands

ABSTRACT Over the past two decades, the Yunnan-Myanmar borderlands in Kachin State have become a major investment frontier for large-scale agribusiness. Chinese private capital, supported by state-led opium substitution programs, has turned thousands of hectares of forests into plantations. As in many such cases across Southeast Asia and beyond, this rapid development has come at the expense of local communities and displaced persons relying on these lands for their livelihoods and refuge. Caught between Chinese market expansion, and an ongoing war between the Myanmar Army and the Kachin Independence Organization/Army (KIO/KIA), plantations have become sites of often overlooked confrontations, compromise, and conflict operating behind the more spectacular politics of the grand infrastructures like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in this region. Moving across plantation sites, armed bases and border markets; and building on interviews with Chinese entrepreneurs, Kachin leaders, and farmers, the paper explores how plantations have transformed not only environmental space but also social-political dynamics of Kachin State in ways, we argue, that are more difficult to reverse than previous or ongoing military territorialization. In doing so, we aim to localize and contextualize the plantation as a key force rapidly transforming Asian borderworlds, over which broader socio-political struggles, environmental transformations, nature loss, connectivity and developmental become imbricated with bordering space.

Biosimilar uptake and cost savings analysis before and after implementation of a pharmacist-driven substitution program within a National Community Oncology Network: One-year follow-up.

6516 Background: As of December 2022, 22 of the 40 biosimilar approvals in the United States, are used for the treatment of cancer or for the supportive care of patients with cancer. Our organization is a network of community oncology practices, representing 107 oncologists at 76 locations across 17 states. Because our network faces formulary selection and reimbursement challenges related to a diverse payor mix across multiple states, we sought to see the impact of utilizing regional clinical pharmacists (RCPs) to assist with selection of the most cost-effective biosimilar products. Methods: In October 2021, our network initiated an RCP-driven biosimilar substitution program, whereby the RCP acts as a liaison between providers and financial teams to evaluate existing drug orders and their financial impact. We previously presented data on the financial impact to payors and providers before and after implementation of the program from 4/1/2021 to 4/1/2022. This study evaluates the one-year results following program implementation. Additionally, outcomes related to biosimilar utilization as well as financial impacts to payors, patients, and providers were assessed. Payor savings is defined as the difference of the calculated 80% Medicare ASP+6 for the administered biosimilar compared to the originator; patient savings is defined as the difference of the calculated 20% Medicare ASP+6 co-insurance for the administered biosimilar compared to the originator; provider savings is defined as the difference between the invoiced cost of the biosimilar compared to the originator. Results: By the end of 2022, preferred product utilization was achieved for >90% of bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and rituximab orders. Use of the preferred pegfilgrastim product increased from <20% in 4/2021 to >60% by 12/2022. Use of filgrastim biosimilar product increased from <75% in 4/2021 to >90% by 4/2022, then decreased to 55% by 12/2022 due to trending ASP. Payor preference prevented biosimilar switching in approximately 34% of cases. Conclusions: Use of institution-preferred biosimilar products increased across all agents in this study after implementation of the RCP-driven biosimilar substitution program, except for filgrastim. Significant cost savings were noted for payors, patients, and providers. Barriers to switching to institution-preferred products included non-medical switching requirements by payors, patient assistance and compassionate use programs, and patient and/or provider preferences. [Table: see text]

FRI-198 - Complete and maintained elimination of hepatitis C in patients in methadone substitution program

FRI-198 - Complete and maintained elimination of hepatitis C in patients in methadone substitution program

Leadership and the Success of African Integration and Development Agenda: Juxtaposing the African Continental Free Trade Area - AFCFTA and Agenda 2063

After achieving independence from slavery and colonialism, African countries implemented various developmental policies, including import substitution, industrialization, and structural adjustment programs, among others. However, political instability, civil wars, poverty, bad governance, and environmental degradation hindered the continent's progress. This paper focuses on how leadership impacts the success of African regional integration and development, specifically the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) and Agenda 2063. The study uses content analysis and secondary sources to analyze leadership's role in achieving integration and development. The paper finds that visionary, competent, selfless leaders are crucial for achieving sustainable integration and development. These leaders should be committed to disentangling from neocolonial dependence and promoting mutual cooperation. The paper supports its findings with good governance theory and regional integration theories. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need for African leaders to unite, be disciplined, and pursue integration with integrity and transparency. This requires leaders to prioritize the continent's interests over their personal gains and reduce their reliance on foreign aid. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the success of African integration and development depends on the quality of leadership, which must be accountable, transparent, and committed to promoting the welfare of African citizens.

Omskaya 42 - a new middle-late variety of soft spring wheat for the southern forest-steppe and steppe

The results of research on the creation of the soft spring wheat variety of Omskaya 42 are described. The variety is characterized by high indices of drought tolerance (IR in vitro = 0.55). Assessments of resistance to leaf rust pathogens in 2017 and 2018 showed that the variety Omskaya 42 has a medium level of resistance to powdery mildew (IR = 0.47 and 0.59) and high resistance to brown rust (IR = 0.05 and 0.18) and stem rust (IR = 0.07 and 0.28). With a significant lack of moisture and mass development of diseases in 2019 and 2020 during tillering - earing (HTC = 0,20-0,45), the yield of the variety Omskaya 42 was higher than the susceptible standard Serebristaya, respectively, by 2.15 and 2.88 t / ha, and the variety Element 22 resistant to these diseases - by 0.16 and 0.5 t / ha. The ear length of the new variety is 0.5 cm longer than the standard Serebristaya. Significant excess compared to the standard was revealed by the weight of 1000 grains (by 5.6 g). The results of the study of the variety in the international ecological nursery KASIB (2015 and 2016) showed that on the experimental plots with a mass infestation of crops with brown and stem rust, the variety Omskaya 42 showed high and moderate resistance to these diseases, its yield was by 0.39-1.23 t/ha higher than susceptible varieties. Indicators of grain quality in the years of transferring the variety for state variety testing were as follows: crude gluten content of 31.8%, protein - 16.36%, the flour strength - 415 e. a., the overall baking score - 4.3 points. Since 2019, the variety is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for the West Siberian (10) region as a middle-late variety. In terms of grain quality, it belongs to the strong wheat. As part of the import substitution program, the introduction of the new variety Omskaya 42 will significantly increase and stabilize the gross yield of grain in the Omsk region and the West Siberian region of Russia.

Pharmacological and morphological features and socioeconomic aspects of cannabidiol: A literature review

The relevance of detailed analysis of the available scientific research on the effects of cannabidiol on the human body is determined by the growing popularity of the non-psychoactive substance in cannabis products as a medicine. The research aimed to collect and systematise information about the positive and negative effects of cannabidiol, as well as the possibilities of its use in medicine. An analysis of 3375 scientific articles, publications and reports was conducted, of which 68 were selected that best met the terms of the request. The collected data was summarised and presented in a structured format. The results of the review indicate the remarkable pharmacological potential of cannabidiol, which can be used as a promising therapeutic agent in various medical fields. In the studies reviewed, cannabidiol showed anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects, as well as a positive impact on drug substitution programmes. However, the possibility of negative reactions and potentially harmful effects of cannabidiol was also noted: it can lead to the development of psychological and physical dependence; increases the risk of physiological disorders, including the impact on spermatogenesis and disruption of the female microflora; affects behaviour and leads to developmental abnormalities. The effects of cannabidiol on the human body are still not well understood, and its distribution in the absence of sufficient legal regulation may pose a risk to the health and safety of consumers. Understanding all aspects of cannabidiol use will ensure proper management of its use and development of the relevant legislative framework, as well as facilitate further research and development of new drugs based on this plant extract

Convergence of selection calculations and management reporting in agribusiness organizations

The article provides a theoretical justification for the convergence of selection indices used in the livestock and crop production industry. Integration of selection calculations and information and analytical tools within the framework of the implementation of the Import Substitution Program in terms of seed production is a strategic task of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Adaptation of traditional tools of strategic management accounting, such as: elements of a balanced scorecard, a strategic map, plays an important role in order to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector in unstable economic and political conditions. The dynamic development of economic relations has influenced the use of new methodological solutions, including in relation to the information and analytical system of agricultural organizations. In order to promptly obtain the necessary data, form and present in management accounting information about the level and dynamics of selection achievements of agricultural organizations and make important management decisions, an analytical tool is required that allows monitoring the development of the level of import substitution of strategic industries in a short time.

Dynamics of investments in Russia under the conditions of sanction restrictions: Forecast based on an agent-based model

The situation of a trade war between Russia and Western countries is unprecedented in recent history, both in terms of the scale of the restrictions being introduced and because of their mutually dangerous nature, as a result of which the entire world economic system is experiencing difficulties. An urgent task is to develop an economic policy for Russia that will allow for a quick reorientation to Eastern markets and the use of new growth drivers. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures taken should be carried out using modern tools, one of which is agent-based economic models. Since Russia is not considered as a key player in the models of international trade relations developed in a number of countries, in order to assess the sanctions imposed against it, it was necessary to develop a new tool – an agent-based model of trade wars between Russia, the USA, China and the European Union. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to assess the need of the Russian economy for additional investments in various industries for large-scale import substitution of products till now supplied from unfriendly countries. To achieve this, the agent-based model reproduces the sectoral structure of the considered economies of the countries and trade relations among them that existed before the start of the special military operation, compiles scenarios of possible sanctions, and simulates the corresponding changes in international trade relations. As part of the scenario calculations, three series of experiments were carried out. In the first series, for each scenario the expected dynamics of Russia’s GDP in 2022 was estimated in the context of organizing import substitution programs in key industries, and the cost of these programs was calculated. In the second series, the dependence of GDP dynamics on the volume of investments was studied. The third series simulated the dynamics of trade relations for the period up to 2025 for two investment policy options in each scenario. The results of the experiments also show that the impact of investments on the economy is stronger, the more severe the sanctions are, and under these conditions, the implementation of investment programs can accelerate economic recovery on average by 0.5% of GDP per year.

Стратегическое развитие сельского хозяйства в регионе: программно-целевой метод

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to develop a modular universal program for the development of agriculture in the region, taking into account global trends in the development of agriculture, demographic processes, achievements in the field of science, the need to provide food to the population. The authors analyzed the global situation of the development of the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, took into account the peculiarities of production and subsequent export of agricultural products in a particular region. Methods. The program-target method was chosen as the main one, which was later disclosed from the standpoint of measures and performance indicators that can be used to guide the formation of the program. The authors relied on the research of foreign and domestic scientists, world centers for research on agriculture and nutrition, statistical data, reviews and analytical reports of authorities and universities. The scientific novelty lies not only in the justification of specific methods of implementing state policy in the field of agriculture, but also takes into account import substitution programs, the development of robotics, the need for a clear definition of quantitative performance indicators. The proposed program has been developed taking into account the binding to specific territories and implementation tools, that is, the fact of the need for zoning has been taken into account. Results. A universal modular program is presented, which can be used in the practice of strategic planning of the region, taking into account the specifics of the development of the agro-industrial complex, existing infrastructure and investment projects. The industrial region (Sverdlovsk region) was chosen as the research site for the article. The authors limit themselves to pointing out measures and performance indicators, without touching on financial issues due to market instability. Also, the issue of developing mechanisms for subsidizing and co-financing was not considered, since they are already, as a rule, established in the practice of the regions and fixed at the level of legislation.

‘We are not Drug Traffickers, We are Colombian Peasants’: The voices and history of cocaleros in the substitution programme of illicit crops in Colombia

Drugs and development policies lack a historical and political economy perspective. This has led to a situation where issues of everyday state-making and agrarian conflicts are ignored. Alternative frameworks that incorporate these elements do not go beyond mere procedural participation. This is also the case with Colombia's Comprehensive Plan for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (‘PNIS’), resulting from the recent 2016 peace agreement. Through ethnographic work and content analysis of coca growers' demands, we demonstrate how coca growers are the ones who best understand the historical reasons that led them to participate in this economy and therefore, who can most clearly design and implement transition strategies in drugs and development policies. In addition to history and political economy, alternative approaches must draw on the experiences of those who have suffered from state-building processes.

Strategizing of digital transformation of an industrial enterprise (on the example of Federal State Unitary Company “Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network”)

Technological characteristics and the scale of terrestrial broadcasting determine the status of FSUE “Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network” as a systemforming enterprise regarding terrestrial broadcasting of the all-Russian mandatory public TV and radio channels. In order to implement the import substitution program it is advisable to perform a digital transformation of the company, which can be successful if the strategy chosen has goals and objectives structured and synchronized in time and resources with the potential capabilities of the management object. The author uses Professor V.L. Kvint’s methodology of strategizing to formulate conceptual propositions of the strategy of digital transformation of the Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network. The area and subject of strategizing are the existing in the internal and external environment key processes of the enterprise whose degree of digitalization is vital for the success of the project implementation. The author formalized the basic indicators that characterize the solution of the task of creating a highly effective system of management of a television and radio broadcasting network, which provided the opportunity to specify priority directions (programs) of digital transformation. It is pointed out that the basis of the correct movement on the trajectory from Industry 3.0+ to the state of Industry 4.0 is ensured by a properly prepared strategy in which the priorities contain a system of objectives for their implementation.