Omskaya 42 - a new middle-late variety of soft spring wheat for the southern forest-steppe and steppe

Abstract

The results of research on the creation of the soft spring wheat variety of Omskaya 42 are described. The variety is characterized by high indices of drought tolerance (IR in vitro = 0.55). Assessments of resistance to leaf rust pathogens in 2017 and 2018 showed that the variety Omskaya 42 has a medium level of resistance to powdery mildew (IR = 0.47 and 0.59) and high resistance to brown rust (IR = 0.05 and 0.18) and stem rust (IR = 0.07 and 0.28). With a significant lack of moisture and mass development of diseases in 2019 and 2020 during tillering - earing (HTC = 0,20-0,45), the yield of the variety Omskaya 42 was higher than the susceptible standard Serebristaya, respectively, by 2.15 and 2.88 t / ha, and the variety Element 22 resistant to these diseases - by 0.16 and 0.5 t / ha. The ear length of the new variety is 0.5 cm longer than the standard Serebristaya. Significant excess compared to the standard was revealed by the weight of 1000 grains (by 5.6 g). The results of the study of the variety in the international ecological nursery KASIB (2015 and 2016) showed that on the experimental plots with a mass infestation of crops with brown and stem rust, the variety Omskaya 42 showed high and moderate resistance to these diseases, its yield was by 0.39-1.23 t/ha higher than susceptible varieties. Indicators of grain quality in the years of transferring the variety for state variety testing were as follows: crude gluten content of 31.8%, protein - 16.36%, the flour strength - 415 e. a., the overall baking score - 4.3 points. Since 2019, the variety is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for the West Siberian (10) region as a middle-late variety. In terms of grain quality, it belongs to the strong wheat. As part of the import substitution program, the introduction of the new variety Omskaya 42 will significantly increase and stabilize the gross yield of grain in the Omsk region and the West Siberian region of Russia.