Subjective Norms Research Articles

Mindfulness Intervention for Health Information Avoidance in Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study.

The global aging population and rapid development of digital technology have made health management among older adults an urgent public health issue. The complexity of online health information often leads to psychological challenges, such as cyberchondria, exacerbating health information avoidance behaviors. These behaviors hinder effective health management; yet, little research examines their mechanisms or intervention strategies. This study investigates the mechanisms influencing health information avoidance among older adults, emphasizing the mediating role of cyberchondria. In addition, it evaluates the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation as an intervention strategy to mitigate these behaviors. A mixed methods approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Substudy 1 developed a theoretical model based on self-determination theory to explore internal (positive metacognition and health self-efficacy) and external (subjective norms and health information similarity) factors influencing health information avoidance, with cyberchondria as a mediator. A cross-sectional survey (N=236) was conducted to test the proposed model. Substudy 2 involved a 4-week mindfulness meditation intervention (N=94) to assess its impact on reducing health information avoidance behaviors. Study 1 showed that positive metacognition (β=.26, P=.002), health self-efficacy (β=.25, P<.001), and health information similarity (β=.29, P<.001) significantly predicted health information avoidance among older adults. Cyberchondria mediated these effects: positive metacognition (effect=0.106, 95% CI 0.035-0.189), health self-efficacy (effect=0.103, 95% CI 0.043-0.185), and health information similarity (effect=0.120, 95% CI 0.063-0.191). Subjective norms did not significantly predict health information avoidance (β=‒.11, P=.13), and cyberchondria did not mediate this relationship (effect=‒0.045, 95% CI ‒0.102 to 0.016). Study 2 found that after the 4-week mindfulness intervention, the intervention group (group 1: n=46) exhibited significantly higher mindfulness levels than the control group (group 2: n=48; Mgroup1=4.122, Mgroup2=3.606, P<.001) and higher levels compared with preintervention (Mt2=4.122, Mt1=3.502, P<.001, where t1=preintervention and t2=postintervention). However, cyberchondria levels did not change significantly (Mt1=2.848, Mt2=2.685, P=.18). Nevertheless, the results revealed a significant interaction effect between mindfulness and cyberchondria on health information avoidance (effect=‒0.357, P=.002, 95% CI ‒0.580 to ‒0.131), suggesting that mindfulness intervention effectively inhibited the transformation of cyberchondria into health information avoidance behavior. This study reveals the role of cyberchondria in health information avoidance and validates mindfulness meditation as an effective intervention for mitigating such behaviors. Findings offer practical recommendations for improving digital health information delivery and health management strategies for older adults.

Predicting healthy lifestyle behavior among married people: integrating theory of planned behavior, health belief model, body image dissatisfaction and habit

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the determinants of healthy lifestyle behavior in married people. It also sought to propose an integrative model that incorporates variables from two theoretical models, namely, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM), as well as two additional variables, namely habit and body image dissatisfaction.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were used to gather data, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for statistical analysis. Data were collected from 404 respondents using several assessment tools, including the Health Belief Model Scale, the Theory of Planned Behavior Scale, the Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale, the Body Area Scale, and the Creature of Habit Scale.FindingsThe findings showed that perceived severity is the predictor of a healthy lifestyle attitude, followed by subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and healthy lifestyle attitude as the primary attendants of intention. Meanwhile, it was found that a healthy lifestyle attitude is a significant mediator in the perceived severity and healthy lifestyle intention relationship. The suggested model outperforms the original TPB and HBM models in predictive ability, proving its utility and efficacy in describing healthy lifestyle behavior.Originality/valueAdding constructs in the TPB and HBM models contributed considerably to improving the understanding of healthy lifestyle behavior among married people. Governments and policymakers might utilize the findings to design and execute a new program or a sustained healthy lifestyle for married people.

Unlocking the power of AI in education: students’ intentions and AI tool use driving learning success in an emerging economy

Purpose This study aims to evaluate students’ intention and actual use (AU) of artificial intelligence (AI) tools’ to discover how the power of AI influences learning and academic success. Design/methodology/approach This paper used the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to develop a structural equation model (SEM) and used convenience sampling to measure 304 students’ five-point Likert scale responses. The model was tested with AMOS-24 and SPSS-25, and the study found that AI boosted students’ learning experiences and explain importance of AI skills and knowledge. Findings Performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence and facilitating condition directly and indirectly affect AU via intent to use (IU), while subjective norms determining the use of AI tools’ and have no substantial influence. Attitude (ATT) moderates PE and EE, although the data show that ATT has no substantial effect on EE. Originality/value These insights may help student to understand how AI tools’ benefit them and what factors affect their utilization. When correctly designed and executed, UTAUT provides an appropriate integrated theoretical framework for robust statistical analysis like SEM.

Identification of The Relationship Between Behavioral Theory And Nurses' Intention in Documenting Nursing Care Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior in The Integrated Inpatient Care Unit Building A RSCM

Nursing documentation is an important aspect of health services. This study aims to analyze the perception of nurses in RSCM regarding the importance of documentation, attitudes towards documentation, and factors that affect documentation practices. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample is all nurses at RSCM. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The results of the study show that most of the nurses in Building A RSCM strongly agree with the importance of nursing documentation and realize that good documentation can improve the quality of patient service. This is indicated by the r-table ≥ calculation with 15 items that have been declared valid. With KMO values of 0.772, 0.696, and 0.624 above 0.5 with a significance value (Sig.) of 0.000. In addition, there is a positive correlation between subjective norms and attitudes. The relationship between attitudes and subjective norms is quite strong. The majority of nurses also have a positive attitude towards documentation, such as being confident, consistent, and having good intentions. Factors that influence documentation practices include: a supportive work environment, availability of assistive devices, sufficient time, and support from colleagues. Integrated inpatient nurses in Building A of RSCM have a high awareness of the importance of nursing documentation. Positive attitudes and support from the work environment are important factors in improving the quality of documentation. However, there are still several obstacles that need to be considered, such as limited time and lack of priority in documentation.

Embracing the Golden Years: An Exploratory Study on Hospitality and Tourism Students’ Career Perceptions of Senior Living

ABSTRACT This exploratory study aims to investigate hospitality and tourism undergraduate students’ perception of senior living careers and intention to work in the industry. A total of 269 usable responses were collected from students from a hospitality college at a large public university in the USA. A mixed-method approach was adopted to analyze the data. The qualitative data analysis result showed that students perceived high relevance of hospitality to senior living, whether as business functions, service and experience, and skills and competencies. The quantitative analysis outcomes revealed that students were interested in exploring career opportunities in senior living but not ready to pursue jobs in the industry. Their intention to work in the industry was significantly influenced by personal alignment, perceived self-control, subjective norms, and marginally affected by career familiarity.

Blame Attribution and Compliance with COVID-19 Measures in Australia: The Theory of Planned Behaviour

This study scrutinizes the influence of “blame attribution” and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) on compliance with COVID-19 public health measures in Australia. This study elucidates that blaming individuals rather than governments surprisingly augments support for governmental regulations, highlighting the complexities of blame attribution in shaping public adherence to health policies. It underscores the nuanced roles of TPB elements like subjective norms and behavioural control, revealing that feelings of empowerment, social responsibility, and recognizing personal roles in pandemic control enhance the inclination to support governmental directives. The outcomes emphasize the criticality of understanding blame attribution and TPB dynamics for devising efficacious communication and management strategies, promoting societal adherence to essential regulations and actions during health crises, and fostering a more resilient societal infrastructure for dealing with pandemics.

Entrepreneurial intention and education among high school and technical students from federal institutes in Brazil

ABSTRACT This study investigates entrepreneurial intentions and education among high school and technical institute students at federal institutes in Brazil. Data were collected through a digital survey distributed to 127 students and analysed using SPSS software, with the theoretical framework grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The findings indicate a predominant preference for career choices that enhance quality of life. Additionally, it was found that engagement in technical education positively correlates with entrepreneurial intentions. Students in their later academic years, as well as older students, display a heightened interest in entrepreneurship. Factors such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control were also significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions within this cohort. The study underscores the need for a more robust integration of entrepreneurship education within the curricula of high schools and technical institutes.

An extension of Trust and TAM model with TPB in the adoption of digital payment: An empirical study in Vietnam

Background Digital payment systems are pivotal in the digital economy, relying on the interplay between internet technology and e-vendors. This study seeks to explore acceptance behaviors regarding digital payments by employing an extended version of the Trust and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and incorporating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods We conducted a qualitative analysis using interview data from 509 respondents and applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the relationships between key variables. The extended model allows for a comprehensive examination of both technological and trust-related factors influencing adoption. Results Our analysis revealed that all standardized path coefficients were positively significant, except for the path from perceived usefulness (PU) to attitude (ATT). The findings confirm that while digital payments are primarily driven by Internet and communication technologies, addressing trust-related issues is essential for enhancing user adoption. The TAM identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, alongside trust, as critical factors affecting behavioral intention. In the TPB framework, trust significantly impacts digital payment adoption through mediators such as attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. Conclusions This study enhances our understanding of the factors influencing digital payment adoption, emphasizing the need to address both technological and trust issues. The insights gained provide valuable recommendations for increasing the use of digital payment systems, particularly in the Northern mountainous regions of Vietnam, thereby fostering greater financial inclusion and economic growth.

Adoption of financial literacy: Systematic literature review and proposal of a theoretical model

The term “financial literacy” is used to describe an individual’s capacity to comprehend and utilise financial concepts in their everyday lives. These include, but are not limited to, the management of personal finances, financial planning, saving, investing, and the analysis of financial products. Notwithstanding the considerable attention it has received in the academic literature, there remain significant research gaps. The objective is to examine the research trends in the adoption of financial literacy. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review, utilising Scopus and Web of Science as the data sources, in the 2018–2024-time window. The most frequently employed instruments were identified as surveys and questionnaires. The majority of studies are situated within the geographical contexts of Asia and Europe, with a particular focus on countries such as India, China, and Ukraine. Furthermore, the most pertinent target populations are adults who have undergone business training and cancer patients. The most frequently employed models were the self-model, the technology acceptance model (TAM), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The key variables identified were behavioral intention, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm. This study identified that the main research gap is the lack of geographic diversity in existing studies, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of financial literacy globally. The practical and theoretical implications highlight the necessity for the development of educational policies and programmes that address cultural and socioeconomic differences. Furthermore, this study puts forth an integrative model that synthesizes these theoretical frameworks and variables to inform future research and practice in the domain of financial literacy.

Prenatal labor analgesia education program on outcomes for primiparas: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundA significant number of primiparous women lack awareness of labor epidural analgesia, resulting in lower acceptance of labor epidural analgesia. Additional prenatal education may help primiparas understand labor epidural analgesia and increase labor epidural analgesia rates. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will evaluate the effects of an online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program for primiparas to improve their labor epidural analgesia rate and to reduce their misunderstanding of labor epidural analgesia and fear of birth.MethodsA single-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel-design trial will be conducted. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program has five modules: (a)elementary knowledge, (b)attitude, (c)subjective norm, (d) perceived behavioral control and (e)behavioral intention. Primiparous women will be recruited in the obstetrics department or midwife clinic of a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China. The participants (N = 196) will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (N = 98) that receives routine prenatal education and access to the online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program and the control group (N = 98) that receives routine prenatal education. Labor epidural analgesia rate will be extracted from the electronic medical record; misunderstanding and intention of labor epidural analgesia and fear of birth will be measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention. The study was ethically approved in November 2023.DiscussionIf the online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program has positive outcomes, it may offer an effective intervention program to decrease misperceptions of labor epidural analgesia and fear of birth and to improve the labor epidural analgesia rate for Chinese primiparas. As the first RCT study to evaluate the effect of the online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program with a strict research design and a theoretical framework, this research will provide evidence on prenatal labor analgesia health education for clinical practice in China.Trial RegistrationRegistered at the Chinese Clinical Trials.gov on January 11th, 2024. Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2400079767.

How Confucian values activate tourist environmentally responsible behavior? — an activated perspective of planned behavior

ABSTRACT Knowledge of how Chinese tourists’ behavior is subject to Chinese culture is limited. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Trait Activation Theory, this study aims to explore how individuals with Confucian values are motivated by situational factors and environmental cognition to exhibit tourist environmentally responsible behavior (TERB) that aligns with Confucian principles. Employing an activated perspective of planned behavior, we propose that values trait facilitates TERB through environmental attitude, subjective norm, and environmental self-efficacy. Additionally, we suggest that behavioral reference enhances the transformation process from tourist to environmentalist. Quantitative data supports our main hypotheses. A qualitative study further explores alternative boundary mechanisms by which Confucian values promote TERB, including social and personal factors related to governmental environmental intervention and personal environmental resources. The findings offer insights into Easterners’ TERB, aiding in a better understanding of a specific tourist market and providing references for sustainable tourism destination development.

Research on the factors that influence the consumption intention for intangible cultural heritage tourism products: based on the TPB and TCV

ABSTRACT Intangible Cultural Heritage Products (ICHP) are derivative products of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and serve as an essential part of the ICH tourist economy. However, the ICHP market faces challenges such as low consumer interest and an underwhelming value conversion rate, prompting a need for in-depth analysis. This research adopts a theoretical framework integrating the perspectives of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Theory of Consumption Values (TCV) to examine the factors influencing the consumption intention for ICHP. Data from 298 Chinese tourists who visited ICH sites was collected to test the hypotheses. The research findings indicate that (a) perceived emotional value, perceived conditional value, attitudes toward ICHP consumption, and subjective norms have positive and significant impacts on the consumption intention for ICHP. Among these variables, subjective norms have the most significant effect. (b) Nostalgia has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between consumers’ attitudes toward ICHP consumption and consumption intention. (c) Perceived cultural value, perceived social value, and perceived behavioural control do not significantly impact the intention to consume ICHP. Implications for ICHP practitioners and researchers are further discussed based on our research findings.

The impact of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventive behaviors for gastric cancer in obese and smoking individuals

BackgroundGastric cancer remains a significant global health issue due to its aggressive nature and high heterogeneity, making early detection and prevention critical. Obesity and smoking are established risk factors that significantly contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Despite the clear links between these risk factors and the disease, there is a lack of targeted educational interventions that address these behaviors. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on promoting preventive behaviors for gastric cancer among obese and smoking individuals.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021–2022 on 150 obese or overweight individuals, more than 25 years old who smoked (cigarettes and hookah) in Fasa city, Iran. From six urban health centers, two centers were randomly selected (one as the experimental group and the other as the control group). Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire based on the TPB model (a researcher-made questionnaire). Based on pre-test results, the educational intervention for the experimental group included 12 educational sessions for 50 min, following the TPB model, through lectures, Question and Answers, group discussions, practical demonstrations, video clips, and PowerPoint presentations. The questionnaires were completed by both groups before and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and descriptive and analytical statistical methods (paired t- test, McNemar test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test) (p < 0.05).ResultsThe results showed no significant difference between the two groups before the educational intervention. However, six months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in TPB model cues (awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior) (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that the educational intervention based on the TPB model is useful in improving gastric cancer screening and preventive behaviors. It can also be used in planning and implementing appropriate programs to prevent and treat this disease.

Critical success factors for students’ knowledge-sharing behaviors: a comparison between undergraduate, graduate and professional course students

Purpose The purpose of the research was to explore the critical success factors (CSFs) that enable knowledge-sharing behaviors (KSB) among students and to determine if there are differences in the CSFs that enable KSB among undergraduate, graduate or professional course students. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on primary data collection, surveying 281 students using a multiple-choice Likert-style scale. Findings Researchers found that factors such as knowledge culture (KC), perceived rewards (PR), quality of technology (QT), trust, networking ties (NT) and competitiveness were critical for KSB. In contrast, collective culture, subjective norms (SN) and the ability to share did not significantly impact KSB. The CSFs common among students at different educational levels were KC, PR, trust and competitiveness. KC was more important for undergraduates and professional course students but less significant for graduate students. Additionally, NT and the QT did not impact KSB among undergraduates. Originality/value While several studies have explored CSFs for knowledge-sharing behaviors among students at specific educational levels, there is a lack of comparative empirical research examining KSB and the CSFs affecting students at different educational stages. This study fills a gap in the literature by adopting a comparative approach and presenting common success factors for knowledge sharing among students at various educational levels.

Formation mechanism of tourists’ pro-environmental behavior in plateau ecotourism destination

In response to the scarcity of research on the psychological factors and formation mechanism of tourists’ pro-environmental behavior in plateau ecotourism destinations, this study takes the Shangri-la in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau as a case, developed an integrated model and tested with structural equation model to obtain accurate and unbiased path coefficients, and jointly exploring the formation mechanism of tourists’ pro-environmental behavior in plateau ecotourism destination. Based on the stimulus-body-response theory and rational behavior theory, this study conducted field investigations and acquired 516 questionnaires. Through analysis, it was discovered that the pro-environment behavior of tourists in plateau ecotourism destinations is influenced by external contextual factors and internal psychological factors. The natural environment and the cultural atmosphere can evoke tourists’ awe, and then awe can directly and positively influence pro-environment behavior, and indirectly influence pro-environment behavior through the dual paths of self-attitude and subjective norms. The conclusion explains the internal logic and action mechanism of tourists’ pro-environment behavior in plateau ecotourism destination, and provides a reference for decision-making in plateau ecotourism destination’s construction and the cracking of tourists’ negative environmental impacts.

Acceptance of global positioning system (GPS) technology among artisanal fishers in the Central Region, Ghana: An extended technology acceptance model

ABSTRACT The study examined the acceptance of global positioning system (GPS) technology among artisanal fishers in the Central Region of Ghana using the extended technology acceptance model. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 161 artisanal fishers using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and subjective norm significantly predicted 31% of the variation in behavioral intention of the fishers to adopt the GPS technology for fishing activities. Behavioral intention on the other hand accounted for 5% of the variance in the use behavior of the fishers in the Central Region. Therefore, extension agents should leverage on the inherent capabilities of the GPS technology, and the influence of family, friends, and canoe owners to improve on the adoption of the technology in order to improve on productivity, performance, and the effectiveness of fishing among artisanal fishers in the Central Region.

Factors related to milk donation based on the theory of planned behavior in pregnant women

The willingness to donate milk is influenced by maternal behavior, and the Theory of Planned Behavior is recognized as a significant predictor of this action. This study aims to identify the factors associated with milk donation among pregnant women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study utilized stratified and convenience sampling methods on 337 pregnant women attending women’s health and midwifery clinics affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2024. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a milk donation intention questionnaire based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Statistical analyses, including descriptive and inferential tests at a significance level of 0.05, were performed using SPSS-26. The average age of pregnant women was 30.16 years. The willingness of pregnant women to donate milk was relatively adequate. Urban-dwelling pregnant women showed a greater willingness to donate milk compared to their rural counterparts (p = 0.031). Age (r = 0.118), awareness (r = 0.413), attitude (r = 0.562), perceived behavioral control (r = 0.542), and subjective norms (r = 0.521) had positive and significant correlations with the intention to donate milk among participants (p < 0.05). Awareness was significantly correlated with attitude (r = 0.575), perceived behavioral control (r = 0.555), and subjective norms (r = 0.503). According to the results, the Theory of Planned Behavior serves as an appropriate predictor for the intention to donate milk among pregnant women. Therefore, to establish and expand milk banks, policymakers in health should consider utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior in pregnant women. Tailoring milk donation programs based on related factors identified in this study could enhance overall donation rates and support infants in need.

Barriers to Developmental Care in the NICU: An Integrative Review.

Variability in developmental care implementation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) highlights the need to explore barriers to care delivery, yet few studies addressed these challenges. Drawing from NICU literature, this integrative review identifies barriers to implementing developmental care with premature infants. A systematic search of CINAHL and PubMed (2014-2024) was conducted, yielding 2 qualitative and 5 quantitative studies. Thematic analysis revealed 3 key barriers based on the theory of planned behavior: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control. To improve developmental care, a multi-pronged approach engaging stakeholders is recommended. Future research should apply rigorous implementation science methods to overcome these barriers.

Perceived blockchain-related information transparency and organic food purchase intention: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour with the moderation role of blockchain-based trust

PurposeThe current study aims to investigate the impact of perceived blockchain-related information transparency on consumers’ intention to purchase organic food. This study examines how perceived blockchain- related information transparency, directly and indirectly, affects purchase intentions through attitudes, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms. Additionally, the study explores how blockchain-based trust moderates the influence of perceived blockchain-related information transparency on these factors and the intention to purchase organic food.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theory of planned behaviour framework and a sample of 5,326 consumers, this study uses partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the research model.FindingsThis study finds that perceived blockchain-related information transparency directly enhances consumers’ attitudes towards organic food purchase, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and intention to purchase organic food. Additionally, perceived blockchain-related information transparency indirectly affects consumers’ intention to buy organic food through three antecedents of the theory of planned behaviour model. Notably, these indirect effects were moderated by consumers’ blockchain-based trust.Practical implicationsThis study provides recommendations for leveraging blockchain to enhance transparency and build trust, which could boost consumer engagement and organic food purchases.Originality/valueThis research contributes to blockchain literature by empirically examining the role of perceived blockchain-related transparency and blockchain-based trust in consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding organic food. It provides valuable insights into the consumer-centric benefits of blockchain technology. Furthermore, this study also contributes to the literature on organic food, particularly its promotion through blockchain technology.

Antimicrobial use in animal farms in Egypt: rates, patterns, and determinants

BackgroundWhile antimicrobial use (AMU) in human healthcare has received significant attention as a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), less emphasis has been placed on AMU practices and attitudes in animal husbandry. To address this gap, this study examines the patterns and underlying drivers of AMU on animal farms.MethodsA survey instrument was distributed to farm staff in 150 animal farms across 15 Egyptian governorates. Farms were selected from a list curated by a private platform specialized in Egypt’s poultry and cattle industry. An online search was conducted to identify additional farms not included in the list or when the contact information was unavailable. The instrument covered key items related to AMU including types of antimicrobials used, indications, their perceived benefits, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Using the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as a guiding theoretical framework, this study assesses key factors influencing the AMU behavior of farm personnel.ResultsOut of 150 farm personnel invited to fill out the survey forms, 111 (74%) responded and agreed to participate. All surveyed personnel reported using antimicrobials, and almost two-thirds (65%) reported using them for non-therapeutic purposes. Non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials, however, had no impact on FCR across all farm types (poultry, cattle, and mixed). The most used antimicrobials were penicillins (81%), followed by macrolides (78%) and tetracyclines (72%). Half of the studied farms reported using colistin, with more than half of this segment (55%) reporting using it for non-therapeutic purposes. Farm personnel’s AMU behavior was associated with the TRA constructs: perceived benefits of antimicrobials (attitude) and perceived AMU behavior in other farms (subjective norm).ConclusionsAntimicrobials are unanimously used in animal farms in Egypt, including those classified as last-resort options, such as colistin. Using antimicrobials for disease prevention or growth promotion did not decrease the FCR. Interventions that target the farm personnel’s attitude and the subjective norm should be carried out to change their behavior regarding the use of antimicrobials. Egyptian guidelines for AMU in livestock are urgently needed, along with training to raise awareness of AMR and safer practices. The use of last-resort drugs like colistin should be banned in animal farming, and national surveillance systems should monitor AMU and AMR trends.