Subject Of Research Research Articles

The Chemical Recovery of PMMA into Monomer.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as plexiglass, is widely used in the areas of aircraft, automobile, construction and transplants, due to its high mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance, and excellent compatibility with human tissue. With the increase in production and usage of PMMA, the vast accumulation of PMMA waste has posed a challenge to the recycling of PMMA waste. However, at present, only less than 10% of PMMA is recycled each year. The cost-effective chemical recovery of PMMA into monomer with high efficiency has attracted wide attention and has become one of the hot research subjects. The chemical recovery of PMMA into monomer are realized mainly via two approaches, including the pyrolysis of common PMMA at high temperature and the depolymerization of end-functionalized PMMA under mild conditions. The second approach has emerged and achieved significant progresses in the past several years. Herein, we provide a review about the researches of chemical recovery of PMMA into monomer. Firstly, the pyrolysis of general PMMA at high temperature is illustrated by typical research works. Subsequently, the depolymerization of end-functionalized PMMA under mild conditions is highlighted and discussed, as this approach is more in line with the green and sustainable development of polymer chemistry.

QUALITIES OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL AS A FORMAL AND INFORMAL LEADER (TEACHERS' AND STUDENTS' VIEWPOINTS)

Leadership in the modern school organization is key to forming a school team committed and motivated to fulfill the strategic goals of the institution, for its development and improvement of the organizational culture. The school principal is a leader by virtue of the authority given to him by holding the position, called to make management decisions. He can have "innate" qualities of a leader or acquire and develop them with the help of trainings and qualifications. Regardless of what type of leader the head is, he must build a vision for the development of the organization and motivate employees to follow it, create conditions for shared knowledge and achieve quality education and effective development of the institution with the participation of pedagogical specialists, parents, interested countries etc. For this purpose, the school director should possess certain qualities, which are the subject of research in this article. A survey conducted among teachers and students ranked the leadership qualities of the informal and formal leader in the educational institution. The most significant qualities according to the opinion of the respondents were analyzed and a comparison was made between the opinions of future and current teachers. The conclusions of the comparative analysis show the priority qualities of the formal and informal leader, as a result of which recommendations are given related to the characteristics of the leader, which must be possessed and developed for purposeful and effective performance of the position of director and for the fulfillment of the goals of the organizational strategy of the school.

Redox Active vs Redox Neutral in Ru/Pd-Catalyzed Sulfonylation: Theoretical Insights into Structure-Activity Relationship between Metal Centers and Regio-Selectivity.

The structure-activity relationship between the metal center and regio-selectivity is persistently a pivotal scientific issue. To address this, we select the 2-phenylpyridine sulfonylation reactions catalyzed by ruthenium and palladium as research subjects. An extensive theoretical study has been conducted on their reaction mechanisms, the sources of regio-selectivity, and the evolution of electronic structures. The distinct electronic structures lead to completely different catalytic mechanisms and electronic structure evolution processes for ruthenium and palladium. Ruthenium tends to form six-coordinate octahedral complexes, thus undergoing an inner-sphere redox active Ru(II)-Ru(III)-Ru(IV)-Ru(II) catalytic cycle. In contrast, palladium tends to form four-coordinate planar quadrilateral complexes, hence undergoing an outer-sphere redox neutral Pd(II) catalytic cycle. The distinct electronic structure evolution processes fundamentally differentiate the radical attack modes in the sulfonation process, thereby determining the regio-selectivity of the reaction. In the Ru-catalyzed system, the meta-selectivity arises mainly from a more stable Schrock carbene-type meta-intermediate. For the Pd-catalyzed system, the ortho-selectivity mainly comes from the stabilizing effect of the Pd(II) center on the single electron. This study provides novel insights into how the electronic structure of metal centers influences the reaction mechanism and selectivity, making a theoretical contribution to a deeper comprehension of the mechanism and regio-selectivity underlying aromatic functionalization reactions.

Women's Movement Model in Used Cooking Oil Alms: Efforts to Build Social Solidarity

The aim of this research is to empower women to participate in the used cooking oil alms movement and to examine the used cooking oil alms movement model. The research method uses descriptive qualitative, the research subjects are women who are members of the Wadas Kelir Berbagi (Wadas Kelir Sharing) Community who were taken using purposive sampling. Data collection used in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussions (FGD), and secondary data analysis. Data was analyzed using interactive analysis. The results of the research show that women’s understanding of the used cooking oil alms movement is very good. They also really support this movement and their level of participation is high, reflected in their high involvement in this activity so that every month they can collect large amounts of used cooking oil. The model for managing the used cooking oil alms movement is carried out by women and the results are used for social activities for underprivileged groups, such as (a) health assistance for the elderly, (b) basic food assistance, (c) educational assistance for orphans, (d) Friday Blessings activities, (e) assistance for community service work, (f) assistance for tadarusan (reading Quran together), (g) assistance for mosque administrators, (h) giving vegetables to housewives during the Sunday Morning recitation, and other social assistance. It is necessary to socialize the used cooking oil alms movement among women and household assistants outside the Wadas Kelir Sharing Community so that this movement is more widespread.

The Effect of Myofascial Release Iliotibial Band on Reducing Pain and Increasing Functional Activity in Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common case suffered by elderly women. The population at high risk of experiencing knee osteoarthritis is women at 18% compared to men at around 9.6% worldwide, older age, excessive body weight, and having had a knee injury or having had previous knee surgery. Methods: The design of this study was a two-group pre-and post-test design. The research compares the effect of the myofascial release of the iliotibial band on reducing pain and increasing functional activity in knee osteoarthritis. The research subjects were all clients who had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis by a doctor. Results: The results of the test for the difference in pain scores with VAS before and after treatment in group 1 showed a value of p = 0.000 or a value of p < 0.05, while the functional ability scores with WOMAC before and after group 1 treatment showed a p-value = 0.000 or a p-value < 0.05, which means that there was an effect of standard therapy on reducing pain and increasing functional activity in osteoarthritis knees in group 1 so that the hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion: There is a difference in effect between standard therapy and standard therapy plus myofascial release of the iliotibial band to increase functional activity in knee osteoarthritis. There is a difference in the effect of standard therapy and standard therapy plus myofascial release iliotibial band on increasing functional activity (p = 0.00) in knee osteoarthritis.

The Pengembangan Tujuan dalam Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Korelasinya dengan Perubahan Zaman

The purpose of this study is to examine how Islamic educational goals have evolved and how they relate to the times. This study employs descriptive qualitative methodologies and includes direct observation and in-depth interviews in a number of Islamic educational establishments, such as schools and Islamic boarding schools. Teachers, school administrators, and students from different backgrounds make up the research subjects. The survey's conclusions demonstrate how the objectives of Islamic education have changed, now include not just the study of religious science but also the cultivation of character, life skills, and critical thinking abilities. But there are a number of obstacles in the way of achieving this objective, such as divergent interpretations of Islamic teachings, the impact of globalization, and a lack of public support. The study suggests that in order to address these issues, more comprehensive curricular revisions, teacher training, and enhanced community-education cooperation are required. It is anticipated that this study will offer insightful information for the creation of contemporary, pertinent, and sustainable Islamic education.

Women's Movement Model in Used Cooking Oil Alms: Efforts to Build Social Solidarity

The aim of this research is to empower women to participate in the used cooking oil alms movement and to examine the used cooking oil alms movement model. The research method uses descriptive qualitative, the research subjects are women who are members of the Wadas Kelir Berbagi (Wadas Kelir Sharing) Community who were taken using purposive sampling. Data collection used in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussions (FGD), and secondary data analysis. Data was analyzed using interactive analysis. The results of the research show that women’s understanding of the used cooking oil alms movement is very good. They also really support this movement and their level of participation is high, reflected in their high involvement in this activity so that every month they can collect large amounts of used cooking oil. The model for managing the used cooking oil alms movement is carried out by women and the results are used for social activities for underprivileged groups, such as (a) health assistance for the elderly, (b) basic food assistance, (c) educational assistance for orphans, (d) Friday Blessings activities, (e) assistance for community service work, (f) assistance for tadarusan (reading Quran together), (g) assistance for mosque administrators, (h) giving vegetables to housewives during the Sunday Morning recitation, and other social assistance. It is necessary to socialize the used cooking oil alms movement among women and household assistants outside the Wadas Kelir Sharing Community so that this movement is more widespread.

Value orientations as a subject of scientific research

The problem of studying value orientations, as well as moral and social rules that determine an individual’s position to reality, is one of the key ones in modern science. Personal value orientations are the most important characteristic of an individual, since they determine his/her relationships and interactions with the outside world and regulate behavior. Realizing their own value guidelines, individuals search for their places in the world and refl ect on the meaning and purpose of their lives. Values are universal for all people, but the degree to which they are preferred and prioritized depends on a particular culture and society. Values are stable beliefs that determine preferred modes of behavior and life goals, and form principles that guide actions in such areas as study, work, and family relationships. Value orientations are formed through interaction with the outside world and refl ect the degree of maturity of individuals and their value system.

Demographic and Regional Labour Market Analysis of the Historic Market Towns of Greater Cumania, Hungary

The subject of my research is the study of the settlements with a rural-urban past in the Greater Cumania (Hungarian name of the region: Nagykunság). This historic small region in the Northern Great Plain region is a region with many economic and social problems. My research covers six settlements, all of which have a rural-urban past, but only five of them have city status today: Karcag, Kisújszállás Kunhegyes, Kunszentmárton and Túrkeve. Kunmadaras is a municipality. The focus of my research is on the common economic and cultural heritage of these settlements and their unique development paths. The common economic and cultural heritage is the past as a field town, and the heritage that the Kuns who founded the settlements not only had an administration independent of the county system, a patent status, but also shared a common culture. Grater Cumania as a historical region is no longer a functional unit. Starting from common foundations, the six settlements have responded differently to the challenges of the past decades. The extent to which each of them has successfully responded to the economic and social challenges they have faced is faithfully reflected in their economic and social relations. The aim of my research is, on the one hand, to review the current balance of the settlements with a rural-urban past in Greater Cumania, both individually and in comparison with each other, in order to identify future opportunities, possibilities and threats. On the other hand, my aim is also to examine what the common Greater Cumanian heritage means for the settlements that have taken different development paths and rely on different spatial relations. Can a cultural product, a brand, be built out of it?

APPLICATION OF PARAMETER STATISTICAL TESTS AND DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS METHODS IN MODERN BUSINESS

In the absence of a sufficient amount of information for quality business decision-making, i.e. successful performance of activities without unnecessary losses in the consumption of inputs, recently the non-parametric DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) is most often used through the linear programming technique. In the event that company managers have enough information to make business decisions, parametric statistical tests are used that compare the company's current performance with optimal performance, i.e. those that are on the edge of efficiency. However, this situation is very rare, so before making business decisions, non-parametric and then parametric statistical tests are carried out in detail. The subject of research of this paper is primarily focused on the simultaneous application of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests in the assessment of the economic efficiency of an economic entity. After the conducted research and analysis of the obtained results, it was determined that the null hypothesis, which claims that the relative efficiency of the warehouse obtained by parametric statistical tests and the DEA method is identical and that the trends have the same direction, could not be fully accepted. Namely, it was found out that the results of one and the same economic situation using the mentioned two types of analysis differ to the extent that they are not adequate for economic decision-making, however identical results were obtained in the assessment of the trend. It can be concluded that the simultaneous application of both methods, as well as its implementation in several iterations, can provide enough quality information for effective decision-making. Stochastic processes that occur during the implementation of business decisions using the DEA technique can be minimized through the simultaneous application of statistical parametric methods and tests for evaluating the expected efficiency of DEA. The effectiveness of this method in any case depends on the size of the sample implemented in the aforementioned statistical analysis. The aforementioned statistical tests enable the measurement and detection of those input parameters that will most effectively contribute to the efficiency of business systems.

Северо-арктическая специфика предмета экономических исследований (методологические аспекты)

The North-Arctic topic of economic research covers a wide range of issues. The author believes that if we look at this topic from the standpoint of the methodology of constructing the subject of research, we cannot help but notice the growing importance of the axiological and evaluative aspects of studying the North. This kind of priority is conditioned by the increasing influence of natural conditions on socio-economic activity and the need for scientific explanation of transitions from natural to social. The methodology of practical activity in the conditions of the North traditionally reflects the difficulties of choosing the ways of organizing production and social activity here. At present, this is supplemented by the ambiguity of the reaction of the northern regions to the emergence of new circumstances that significantly affect the national economy, such as the need to urgently ensure the technological sovereignty of our country and strengthen its military-industrial complex. Therefore, the method of mobilization management becomes very relevant for the North of Russia, and especially for its Arctic zone. The scientific and practical aspects of the methodology of North-Arctic activities have a common methodological attitude: the transition from the position “the more the better” to the position “good quality is more important than large quantity”. Moreover, in the Arctic, the need for a transition “from the maximum necessary to the realistically possible” is increasingly realized.

Identification and Genome Sequencing of Novel Virulent Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Rice Bacterial Blight in Zhejiang, China.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causative agent of rice bacterial blight (RBB), resulting in substantial harvest losses and posing a challenge to maintaining a stable global supply. In this study, Xoo strains isolated from Shaoxing, Quzhou, and Taizhou, where RBB occurred most frequently in Zhejiang Province in 2019, were selected as the subjects of research. Three isolated pathogenic bacteria of ZXooS (from Shaoxing), ZXooQ (from Quzhou), and ZXooT (from Taizhou) were all identified as novel Xoo strains. These novel strains demonstrate greater virulence compared to Zhe173, the previous epidemic Xoo strain from Zhejiang Province. Subsequent genomic sequencing and analysis revealed that there existed significant differences in the genome sequence, especially in effector genes corresponding to some known rice resistance (R) genes between the novel strains and Zhe173. The sequence alignment of avirulent genes (effector genes) indicated that nucleic and amino acid sequences of AvrXa5, AvrXa7, AvrXa10, and AvrXa23 in the novel strains varied prominently from those in Zhe173. Interestingly, it seemed that only the genome of ZXooQ might contain the AvrXa3 gene. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis of 61 Xoo strains revealed that the novel strains were situated in a distinct evolutionary clade separate from Zhe173. These results here suggest that the emergence of novel Xoo strains may lead to resistance loss of some R genes used in commercial rice varieties, potentially serving as one of the factors leading to RBB resurgence in Zhejiang Province, China.

A Guidebook for Assessing Mathematical Logic Intelligence in Kindergarten

Many children still need help understanding numbers; children also cannot differentiate between round, triangular, and square shapes. Apart from that, teachers only carry out assessments at the end of the learning semester and do not use assessment guides, especially on aspects of children's mathematical logic intelligence in their daily activities at school. Based on this, this research aims to develop a guidebook for assessing mathematical logic intelligence in kindergarten. This type of research is development research. This research uses the ADDIE model. The research subjects are learning media experts and learning material experts. The test subjects were fifteen teachers. The methods used to collect data are interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive statistical analysis. The research results are the results of material media validation tests with a test percentage value of 96.3% and the eligibility criteria being "very valid." The assessment from media experts was 98.7%, with the eligibility criteria being "very valid." The assessment score from the effectiveness instrument expert has a test percentage value of 97%, with the eligibility criteria being "very valid." The effectiveness test of individual trials were 95.69% "very effective" and small group 91.67% "very effective". It was concluded that the mathematical logic intelligence assessment guidebook is very suitable and adequate for teachers in kindergarten. The research implication is that the developed mathematical logic intelligence assessment guidebook can be used in learning activities.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA TENTANG SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DI KELAS V SDI NANO KABUPATEN TTS

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of class V SDI Nano students through the application of problem-based learning. The research subjects were class V students at SDI Nano with a total of 21 students. The type of research used is two-cycle classroom action research. The testing technique uses test techniques, observation and documentation which are used as data collection techniques. Based on the research results, it can be said that in the first cycle, student learning outcomes reached 28.5% with a class average of 60.7 and a success index of less than 80%. Completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle II was 90.4% with an average of 91.4 and the success index had reached 80%. Thus, it can be concluded that applying the problem based learning model can improve the science learning outcomes of class V SDI Nano students.

DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED E-STUDENT WORKSHEET USING WIZER.ME ON THE TOPIC OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUND COMBUSTION IMPACT AT GRADE XI

The Development of Web-Based E-Student Worksheet Using Wizer.me on the Topic of Hydrocarbon Compound Combustion Impact at grade XI. The combustion of hydrocarbon compounds is a critical topic in environmental chemistry that students must thoroughly comprehend. This research aims to analyze the feasibility of the developed E- Student Worksheet and describe the responses of teachers and students to the E- Student Worksheet on the topic of hydrocarbon compound combustion impact. The research method applied is research and development (RD) following the 4-D model, which includes defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The study was conducted at Senior High School 1 Ingin Jaya, involving 20 students from grade XI IPA 2 as the research subjects. The research instruments consisted of a needs analysis sheet, E- Student Worksheet feasibility sheet by validators, teacher response sheet, student response sheet, and System Usability Scale (SUS) sheet. Validator evaluation indicated a feasibility of 95% with a "highly feasible" category. The results of the teacher response evaluation to the E- Student Worksheet showed an excellent response of 91%, similarly, the students showed an excellent response of 91.13%, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluation scored 82.50, indicating a "good" category. Thus, it can be concluded that the web-based E- Student Worksheet using Wizer.me on the topic of hydrocarbon compound combustion impact is considered feasible to be used as an interactive teaching material with the utilization of IT in learning.

The Relationship Between Work Motivation and Employee Performance in Women with Dual Roles

This research aims to determine the relationship between work motivation and the performance of female employees who play a dual role in Sleman Regency's local government agencies. This dual role phenomenon is challenging for women, as they must fulfil their obligations as housewives and workers, potentially affecting their motivation and performance. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The research subjects were married female employees aged between 20-57 years who work in government agencies in Sleman Regency. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with specific criteria. Data were collected using a Likert scale measuring work motivation and employee performance. The data analysis using SPSS 25 showed a significant positive relationship between work motivation and the performance of female employees in dual roles (r = 0.480, p = 0.000). This finding indicates that the higher the work motivation, the higher the performance displayed by female employees, even though they also have responsibilities at home. This research contributes to understanding how work motivation can influence women's performance in the face of dual role demands and provides recommendations for policies that support women's well-being in the workplace

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Technology-Based Learning Methods: A Case Study of Prospective Professional Teachers

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of technology-based learning methods among prospective professional teachers in North Aceh, focusing on understanding, application, challenges, and effectiveness. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving 152 prospective teachers as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Questionnaire results indicated that 98.56% of prospective teachers had a strong understanding of technology-based learning, 84.87% were able to effectively apply technology in teaching, 85.74% faced significant challenges in technology-based learning, and 70.61% had an effective understanding of the technology-based learning process. Observations revealed that 72.59% had planned technology-based learning, 81.58% used technology extensively, 65.79% students interacted with technology, 69.74% teachers could manage classes well using technology, 94.96% believed technology had a positive impact on learning outcomes, and 86.18% were able to provide feedback and adjust teaching based on data. Despite its challenges, technology-based learning was considered effective in enhancing participation, comprehension of materials, and independent learning. Although prospective teachers showed good competence in integrating technology, there is a need for improved training and infrastructure support to optimize its implementation in education. This study is expected to provide insights for curriculum development to better prepare prospective teachers for the challenges of digital-era education.

Analysis of the Influence of Time Harmonics on the Leakage Coefficient of Canned Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

At present, the influence of time-harmonic currents on the leakage flux coefficient of canned permanent magnet synchronous motors (CPMSMs) remains unclear. Therefore, this paper investigates and summarizes the effects of inverter time-harmonic currents on the leakage flux coefficient of the CPMSM. A 1.5 kW, 9000 RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) CPMSM is used as the research subject. Based on a finite element model, the leakage flux coefficients under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal supply conditions are calculated using the magnetic flux density integration method. Additionally, the study examines changes in the leakage flux coefficient under different harmonic orders and amplitudes. The results indicate that the introduction of fifth and seventh time-harmonic currents by the inverter reduces the leakage flux coefficient, which helps to improve the utilization of the permanent magnets. This research significantly contributes to enriching the theory of inverter-fed permanent magnet motors.

Effects of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment Combined with Teach-Back Method on Improving Patients’ Standardization Rate of Eye Drop Use

Objective: To explore the effect of King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with teach-back method on improving the standardization rate of eye drop use in patients. Methods: A total of 200 patients who used more than two types of eye drops in the Department of Ophthalmology of our hospital were selected as the research subjects, and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group was given routine health education, while the observation group was given King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with teach-back method on the basis of the control group. The standardization rate of eye drop use, knowledge awareness rate, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the standardization rate of eye drop use, the awareness rate of eye drop knowledge, and the nursing satisfaction of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: King’s Theory of Goal Attainment combined with teach-back method can effectively improve the standardization rate of eye drop use in patients, increase their awareness of eye drop knowledge, and improve nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical application.

E-Module Teaching Materials Based on Heyzine Flipbook on the Meaning of NKRI for Grade IV Elementary School

Currently, there are still many students who do not understand the Pancasila and Citizenship Education learning material. This is due to the lack of digital learning media to facilitate students' independent learning of PPKn. This research aims to develop a Civics e-module based on the Heyzine flipbook on the Meaning of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) material for Class IV Elementary School. This type of research is R & D (Research and Development) development research. The development model in this research uses the ADDIE model. The research subjects were 1 media expert and 1 material expert. This small group trial was conducted on four students from class IV elementary school. The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The instruments used to collect data are validation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and test questions. The data analysis techniques used in this research are quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The research results, namely the assessment by material experts, obtained 87.50%, and media experts obtained a score of 84.09% with very good criteria. Evaluation of the effectiveness of use through the N-gain test obtained a score of 67.1% with moderate criteria, and the interpretation category was quite effective. Assessing responses via student questionnaires obtained an average score of 93% with very good criteria. It was concluded that e-modules are very suitable for use and can improve student learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects.