Stylistic Coloring Research Articles

INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT ART TYPES IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF CHOREOGRAPHY INTERPRETATION COMPETENCE

The aim of the article is to actualize the integration of different arts in the process of forming the interpretive competence of future teachers of choreography, based on the functional model of art, namely its hedonistic, aesthetic, cognitive, educational, social-transforming and information-communicative functions. The process of interpretation of the artistʼs creative concept in the plane of choreographic art is determined by the ability of the teacher-choreographer to integrate the universal artistic heritage. At the heart of any movement there is always a relationship with the musical accompaniment, which is due to the synthesis of the concept of composer and choreographer. In turn, due to the general canons of world art, each choreographic pose gives a stylistic color to the composition. The design of scenery and costumes is based on the tendencies of artistic creativity, and drama is based on the functional canons of the theatrical act.The methodology of integration of different types of arts in the process of professional training is based on the syntheticity of the categorical apparatus of art and the sensualism of human perception. The process of integration is considered in terms of the application of pedagogical principles and methods of synthesis of universal cultural heritage. The article presents an analysis of the scientific literature on the definition of “integration”, “integration classes”, pedagogical principles of “integration of different arts in the process of professional training”. It is proved that the integration of musical, artistic and theatrical arts plays a crucial role in the process of forming the interpretive competence of future teachers of choreography and determines the positive dynamics of the development of creative abilities.

Approaches And Ways Of Conveying Wordplay: Pun In Children’s Fantasy

The main task of the translator is to remember all the difficulties of translation and try to express the author's thought as accurately as possible, while not forgetting to convey various author's artistic techniques. One of the types of language game of the analyzed work is a pun. The analysis of the translations revealed a number of techniques for conveying puns of a fantasy work, such as: when conveying a pun, vocabulary should not denote concepts that are outside the reality of the child, the stylistic coloring of the pun should correspond to the peculiarities of the language of the children's work. A pun should naturally be included in the entire system of stylistic and figurative means of translation, obey the main goal of the entire work and not distort the ideological and artistic character of the original, it is created only in a typical situation for it.

THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF PHONOSTYLISTIC MEANS OF THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

This article is devoted to the study of similar and peculiar features of phonostylistic means of the Russian and Uzbek languages. In particular, it places a special emphasis on the stylistic properties of the phonetic system of the languages in comparison. The phonostylistic system of one or another language is a combination of stylistic properties of sound (phonetic) units of a language. Sound (phonetic) language units serve as stylistic markers of pronunciation styles, or phonetic styles. The stylistic properties of the sound systems of two or more languages involve the identification of interlanguage corresponding means of expressing the stylistic coloring of a linguistic unit at a sound level. The uniqueness of segment and super-segment phonostylistic units in different-system languages is the key factor of differences in the phonostylistic units of the sound system of the compared languages. An inventory of phonetic means of expressing the stylistic coloring of linguistic units is manifested when pronouncing variants of words, phrases and expressions. Interlanguage phonostylistic correspondence is single-level, and its identification is possible if there is developed material for the structure of phonostylistic systems of each individual language being compared. Key tasks of phonostylistics are determined by identifying both stylistically unmarked and stylistically marked units of the expression plan at the phonostylistic level of languages and establishing correspondences between them; identifying the causes of the isomorphism and allomorphism of the stylistic resources of their sound system. According to the methodology of the research, it is based on using the basic methods of analysis and general principles of comparison for analysis of phonostylistic units in compared languages.

FORMATION OF LEXICO-STYLISTIC CONNOTATIONS ADVERTISING TEXT

The article describes advertising as a phenomenon of modern communication, identifies its features and the desired effects of its use. The purpose of the work is due to the fact that the originality of the advertising text is clearly a provocative function of expression, as well as the parallel use of linguistic and extralinguistic means, which is not so inherent in any of the functional styles or stylistic varieties of literary language. The expediency of using lexical and stylistic connotations in order to increase the efficiency and influence of advertising texts is substantiated in the work, its speech potential is characterized. In particular, the role of synonyms in creating an effective adverbial text is determined, the principles of using synonymous series that function in the text of special purpose advertising are described. The functionality of antonymy is outlined, which contributes to the expression of the statement, a clearer delineation of the expressed thought, its stylistic expression. It is established that the main features of the lexical composition of advertising messages are the use along with interstitial vocabulary, specific lexical units that have a certain stylistic color, and are easy to "read" with a quick perception of the text. Features of advertising require careful selection of language units, taking into account the purpose and objectives of advertising influence. It is proved that in the complex of means of influence such means have a great manipulative potential. Connotative potencies of lexical constants should be used in order to create an impression, to form the image of the product as prestigious, trustworthy. Therefore, a detailed analysis of terminological constants and socio-political vocabulary is proposed. The prospects of the research are determined, which are to clarify the role of other lexical categories in the process of forming an effective advertising text.

Peculiarities of English religious discourse for the formation of reading competence for future theologians

Interest in the functioning of language has begun to emerge at levels not previously considered for certain social and historical reasons more recently. Religion as a social phenomenon differs from other areas of communication because it covers the totality of types of human behavior directed towards the area of the sacred and secret. In today’s realities, the theologian solves new professional problems that have not recently been among his competence, interprets socio-cultural phenomena, extends the system of guiding lines of professional activity. For successful realization of the requirements of society to modern theologians in their professional activity, knowledge of a foreign language must be a necessary component. Reading in a foreign language is a communicative skill and means of communication of the theologian. The concept of «discourse» is defined and four groups of discourse peculiarities are distinguished. Approaches to defining the concept of «religious discourse» are outlined. The model of institutional discourse and its components are described. The characteristics of religious discourse are outlined. Faith is identified as a key concept of religious discourse. The forms of realization of religious discourse (communication in the church, communication in small groups and direct intimate communication with God), its strategies (receiving support, purification of the soul, the call to convert to the faith, strengthening of faith, awareness of belonging to the confession) are distinguished. The system of linguistic means is described, which includes such lexical units as neutral, general book and churchreligious vocabulary, as well as vocabulary with newspaper-publicistic functional-style coloring. The lexical means of religious discourse include emotionally-evaluative and archaic-exalted vocabularies. It is established that among the grammatical features of religious discourse there are the literary nature of speech, the archaic stylistic coloring of language and the creation of expressive effect.

PECULARITIES OF REALITIES CONCEPTS VERBALIZATION IN MODERN GERMANLITERARY DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern German language means used in the process of CITY and TRANSPORT concepts verbalization, presented in contemporary art discourse. It is precisely contemporary art prose that plays a special role in creating concepts of realities that are the semantic dominants of the work in question. From the point of view of the conceptual analysis method, the essence of the named concepts is revealed and their basic functions are determined. It is established that, taking into account the field structure of the concepts, language facilities are appropriately grouped and distributed. Due to this fact, it’s possible to isolate the core, the subnuclear zone, the near periphery, and also the far periphery of the analyzed concepts. In the structure of the literary concepts of realities the conceptual and figurative strata are under consideration. The conceptual stratum is actualized by language means with zero stylistic coloring. In turn, the shaped stratum is represented by the stylistically colored means of modern German language. Their frequency depends on a number of factors. First of all, the texts are written from the first-person point of view. This contributes to creating trust-based relationships between the writer and the reader. Secondly, the explication of concepts largely depends on the language personality of the writer and his/her mentality, which correlates with the characteristics of the worldview. In this case, literary constants, which are units of mentality, play a specific role, which makes the need for further comprehension of the concept as a literary category. There is emphasized the need to further study the concepts representation on the contemporary literary discourse texts basis, taking into account their national and cultural specifics. Also, it’s emphasized further concepts representation study based on the modern literary discourse texts with a glance to their national-cultural specifics.

Functional and Stylistic Connotation of Regional Media Vocabulary

This article focuses on the peculiarities of functional and stylistic aspects of the regional media vocabulary (Ulyanovsk region newspapers). The authors analyzed publications from the three leading sites of Ulyanovsk newspapers – Ulyanovsk Segodnya (Ulyanovsk Today), Molodezhnaya Gazeta (Youth Newspaper) and Simbirskiy kur’er (Simbirskiy Courier) from July 2019 to February 2020. The authors examined the regional broadcasting language, characteristics of printed media and lexical connotation of provincial publications. To study the stylistic peculiarities of the regional newspapers, we analyzed about 100 pages of various newspaper articles (180,000 printed characters with spaces). The conducted content analysis revealed four basic types of vocabulary with a functional and stylistic coloring. The results of the analysis showed the dominance of business vocabulary, social and political vocabulary, Internet vocabulary, as well as scientific and technical terms. According to quantitative estimation, the most widely-used group of vocabulary with functional and stylistic connotation are social and political terms (150 lexical units). This group mainly included journalistic clichés. Within the group of business lexis, the main subgroups were namely business, economic and legal vocabulary. Neologisms that are not registered in lexicographic sources are also widely used in regional newspaper publications. It should be emphasized that borrowings, primarily Anglo-Americanisms are often found in the Russian press. This is due to the fact that the English language has acquired the status of a global language. Thus, today it plays a big role in every culture and in every state, including Russia, reflecting the Russian press as well.

Изменение речевых портретов персонажей фильма «Москва слезам не верит» в переводе (на материале дублированного перевода фильма на английский язык)

The article for the first time addresses the problem of discrepancy of speech portraits of the main characters of Vladimir Menshov’s “Moscow Does not Believe in Tears” in the original version and in the English dubbed version of the movie. The conducted linguistic research shows that the speech portraits of Katerina and Gosha have undergone essential transformations due to the fact that their remarks acquire a different stylistic colouring or even a different meaning. It causes distortion of the characters’ images and leads to a different perception of the movie by the English-speaking viewers in comparison with the Russian-speaking ones.

Использование стилистической окраски в художественном тексте (на основе произведений А. Осмонова)

This research has aim to determine the nature of stylistic means in texts of outstanding poet A. Osmonov give a scientific explanation of the features and essence, value, place and role of language tools with stylistic coloring.

"БЕОВУЛЬФ" В РОССИИ: ЯЗЫК ДРЕВНЕАНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЕРОИЧЕСКОГО ЭПОСА В РУССКОМ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ ПЕРЕВОДЕ

The paper is an attempt to analyze the methods of representing specific features of the language of the Old English poem Beowulf in the Russian literary translation of Vladimir Tikhomirov: alliterative collocations, synonymic groups, compounds and epic variations. These specific features of Old English poetic language are rendered in the translation through the diction of different stylistic coloring – both the high-style, even archaic words as well as the everyday words close to colloquialisms. Following the Old English poet, the translator uses the oral-epic manner of narration, neither reducing it to a limited stylization, nor turning it into an innovative experiment. The translator manages to convey the ability of the Old English poetic language to coin new compounds through creating ‘potential’ words that reveal the ‘open’ character of the Old English synonymic systems. The Russian translation of Beowulf is considered in the context of the history of English translations of the poem as well as studies of Old English and Old Scandinavian literature in Russia.

Comparative Slavic phraseology and paremiology: Cornerstones and stumbling blocks

The comparison of phraseological units of various Slavic languages is based on a unified system of concepts and their oppositions. Czech and Russian, Polish and Russian, Russian and Bulgarian, and Russian and Ukrainian idioms and paremias are studied in the article. Russian idioms such as белая ворона, паршивая овца and Polish biały kruk, czarna owca, Czech idioms obĕtní beránek and Russian жертвенный агнец, козел отпущения are examples of comparison. The sources of the material for the study are published bilingual dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as articles by linguists from different countries on this topic. Numerous semantic differences (connotations) were found that confirm the idiomatic character of each language. The equivalence of phraseological units is hindered by their polysemy and different semantic scope. And the content of proverbs reflects more the morality of society at a certain stage of its history than the linguistic image of the world. The influence of the national cultural background on the phraseological productivity (“phrasemogeneity”) of lexemes is demonstrated in the work. In particular, the words цървул, калпак, бъклица, трън, denoting the facts of rural life, are productive for Bulgarian phraseology. An attempt is made in the article to systematize the differential features that distinguish phraseological units of different languages. These are such oppositions as: “person” — “object”, “space” — “time”, “spiritual” — “material”, “assessment: approving/disapproving/neutral”, “external manifestation” — “internal state”, “scale: general — private”, and “stylistic coloring: from rough to sublime”. The depth and thoroughness of the semasiological analysis revise the thesis about the universal phraseological fund. The article discusses and develops some provisions of professor Valery Mokienko’s concept.

Language units rendering movement in Joanne Rоwling’s “Harry Potter”: the aspect of translation

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the aspects of translation of linguistic units rendering movement Joanne Rowling's novels Harry Potter. In the course of the study, I divided verbs of motion into three semantic categories: 1) a way of movement (walking, running, jumping, flight); 2) the medium of movement (the earth, the air); 3) the rate of movement (normal, slow, fast). Each semantic category is tagged as: “movement without vehicles” and “movement using vehicles”. The verbs rendering motion fall into the following semantic categories: verbs rendering walking, verbs rendering running, verbs rendering jumping, verbs rendering flying, verbs rendering vehicles. In my research, I described the peculiarities of translation of English verbs rendering flying and verbs rendering vehicles into Ukrainian language. In the article, I single out the most common types of translation transformations that aim to maintain the stylistic coloring of the original text. They are the following: substitutions of stylistic coloring, replacements of parts of speech, lexical transformations, reduction and modulation. I identify the basic types of linguistic units rendering movement by walking, jogging, jumping, flying, and using vehicles. In addition, the verbs rendering movement on land demonstrate the highest degree of differentiation. The author evidently prefers the verbs rendering fast movement, as they are not frequent but rather diverse. The verbs that render movement in the air and in (on) water are less numerous, which is explained by low frequency of corresponding actions in the novel.

Architectonics of dialect text (experemental phonetic analyasis)

Phonetics of Ukrainian dialects has long been and remains the object of analysis. Separate articles and thorough monographic studies confirm this. Researchers consider to describing the system-structural originality of speeches, establishing the composition of segmental units in different dialects, their significance in the phonological system of the dialect, systematizing knowledge about the manifestations and relationships of phonemes. Super segmental differences of Ukrainian dialects are insufficiently studied. Intonation is a collection of sound linguistic means that are used to express semantic, emotional, expressive and modal character of the phrase, communicative meaning and situational conditionality, stylistic color of the text and the individuality of dialect speakers’ expressive techniques. The value of intonation in organization of oral speech is determined by its function – segmentation, structuring and selection. The paper studies the intonation parameters that ensure the integrity of the text and perform the function of connecting its individual elements. The author described the super segmental organization of a dialect text, identified and explored prosodic means not only of a single word, phrase or phrase, described the relationship of these units within the text, taking into account its content and structure. The article focuses on the features of segmentation of the dialectal speech. This study shows the difference between real sound file and his fixing during an auditory analysis. Much attention is given to the difference between a syntax and real articulation of broadcasting. The study demonstrates that the intonation structure of the dialect text as a kind of spontaneous speech is peculiar. In dialect narratives, the relationship between syntax and pauses (as the most important markers of segmentation) is much more complex than in a read or pre-prepared text. In spontaneous dialect narratives, the correlation between content and form shifts due to the simultaneity and synchronicity of the processes of thinking, planning, and producing thought. In some parts of the text there is a violation of formal and grammatical connections, the boundaries of phrases / syntagmas are blurred, their prosodic design has no clear delimitative features, as in codified speech, which leads to variance in the division of the text into separate segments. Keywords: dialect narratives, intonation, contour, pitch, pause.

STYLISTIC FEATURES OF INFANT POETRY TEXTS

The article deals with the linguistic and stylistic features of the Englishlanguage infant poetry texts (for preschool-aged children). The place and role of prevalent stylistic figures are determined. The object of the research is the English-language infant poetic texts, and the subject is their linguistic and stylistic specifics. The purpose of the study is to characterize the linguistic and stylistic colouring of preschool-aged children’s speech at the lexical level in the English-language infant poetic texts. The stylistic division of the English-language infant texts vocabulary is quite diverse: common, specific, everyday, emotional and spatial vocabulary. The artistry of such texts differs in the extensive use of expressive, emotionally depicted elements of speech. Common vocabulary includes words related to everyday life, denoting vital concepts: plants, animals, natural phenomena, qualities, feelings, and so on. Household vocabulary includes tokens related to food, farming, city life, nature and fairy tales. Emotional vocabulary is manifested on the morpheme level by the affixal type, on the lexical by the infantile creative words, the use of words with expressive meaning, on the syntactic by the manifestation of emotions at the level of phrases, sentences or expressions. Common-speech vocabulary is used in terms of ease and everyday life. It has been found that the dominant figures are figures of addition, which account for 57%, and the rest are the figures of substitution (43%). Figures of addition in infantile poetic texts for preschoolers include epithets, amplification and antithesis, while figures of substitution include personification, comparison and metaphor. The figures of addition in English-language infant poetic texts give picturesqueness to objects and phenomena, strengthening their characteristics, emphasizing the beauty of the ordinary things. They increase the expressiveness, interest, daydreaming, extraordinary things in the mind of a preschool-aged child. The use of substitution figures, which are the most importantly harmonious stylistic means leads to musicality, harmony of sound. The tendency to vivid imagery excites to wrap thoughts in new, expressive speech shells, using words in an unusual sense. Thus, English-language infant poetic texts are saturated with charm, fabulousness, surrealism due to the use of these stylistic means.

Poet as a Role: on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Russian Poeticism

The article is devoted to the semantics and pragmatics of Russian poetry as deictic pointers to the poetic sphere and one of the six universal socio-cultural roles - the role of the poet-writer. The communicative role is interpreted as an element of speech behavior, determined by the basic communication settings: to be and to seem . It is shown that the stylistic coloring of poetry is formed only due to its stable correlation with the typical context and role; poeticisms by themselves do not create poetry and cannot even be considered as its obligatory feature, so they are primarily the subject of literary language theory and reflects the general cultural consciousness of speakers. In connection with the requirement to distinguish between the stylistics of language and speech, we review the difference between the poetic style of the language, which is a repository of poeticisms, from the poetic language as a style of speech (an operational system of techniques and tactics that ensure the performance of an artistic task); a detailed definition of poetic language is given. There is also a short observation of poeticisms at different levels of the linguistic system. The article proposes the description of the semantic structure of Russian poeticisms. It is emphasized that poeticisms can be used according to their artistic perspective (as a narrative tool, role-playing tool, to eliminate any speech image, in an ironic manner, etc.), however, their condensation in the text discloses the priority of an extra-aesthetic strategy of self-presentation in the role of a poet and, as a result, can be an indicator of “bad poetry”. This idea is shown on the example of a typical text of mass poetry saturated with poeticisms. The experience of compiling the poetic corpus of “Russian Live Stylistic Dictionary” discovers the possibility to identify the stylistic semantics of the word and to predict the artistic quality of the text.

VERALIZATION OF A WOMAN’A SOCIAL ROLE IN THE MODERN BELLES-LETTRES STYLE TEXT

The article deals with the sociolinguistic aspect of female denominations functioning in the modern belles-lettres style text. A woman’s role in the society has been changing for a long historical period with the tendency of female social possibilities extention. Reflecting these processes, the language lexical system has been constantly enriched (and is being enriched now too) with new words, so the number of substantives for marking female characters is being gradually increased. These nominations – feminitives – are one of the current layers of the language lexical stock, thus is a target of numerous scientific investigations. Feminicon is an open and dynamic system, which is being constantly enriched with neologisms. Belles-lettres reflects their functioning, that’s why the scientific analysis of feminitives in modern texts contains novelty and topicality. The object of our research is to study female denominations in the sociolinguistic aspect. The tasks of the article are to determine the semantic peculiarities of female denominations and to characterize the specification of analyzed lexems used in the belles-lettres style texts.The research of lingua revelation of a woman’s social functions realization is done on the basis of the novels by the Ukrainian writer Liuko Dashvar, as her idiolect consists of a wide range of used feminitives. The female denominations are analyzed on the basis of such methods as observation, speech units analysis, descriptive, structural, classificative analyses.The sociolinguistic trend in speech units studying is provided through their semantic-stylistic peculiarities analysis. The research focuses on the increasing of female denominations number due to the extention of female social possibilities and the impact of extra-linguistic factors on the formation of Ukrainian language lexical paradigm. The lingual representation of a woman’s social role in the modern belles-lettres style text is reflected through family terms, social relations, occupations and likings. In the writer’s idiolect there are feminitives in the system of personal terms which underline the sociolinguistic origin of analyzed speech units. Semantically feminitives include various lexical meanings where groups for a family terms description, studies, occupations and professions predominate. In the belles-lettres style text female denominations get stylistic colouring, enriching the belles-lettres context of the writer’s novels. Liuko Dashvar’s belles-lettres style speech consists of a number of semantically and stylistically neutral denominations. Most of them are female by meaning but some of them are formed from corresponding masculine denominations with the help of female suffixes. Stylistic colouring of feminitives enriches a belles-lettres style text and broadens its semantic and stylistic expressiveness. The lexico-semantic complex of female denominations analyzed in the article proves the frequent usage of studied speech units in the belles-lettres style texts, a various revelation of their semantic filling, a wide spectrum of functional loading and the predomination of the social bent in the meaningful matrix. The peculiarity of the verbal reflection of socially loaded lexems through archaic denominations and contemporary neologisms, stylistically neutral and stylistically stressed speech constructions are studied in the article.

ЧАСТОТНЫЕ ДОМИНАНТЫ И ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ИХ ФАКТОРЫ

The article is devoted to identifying the basic factors determining the frequency dominants of words. The study contributes to developing a system of word usage preferences, which the native Russian speakers are intuitively guided by to represent meaningful semantic components. It includes the following word groups: words with positive assessment but lacking subjective evaluation, designations of subjective possibilities; words with neutral style and stylistic colouring; words, semantics of which does not include the semes “absence, deprivation of something”, different types of quantitative semes and semes of reflexivity. The study is based on the linguistic material acquired from the frequency dictionary of Russian; the comparative analysis method is applied to analyze the frequency of contrastive words.

Automatic advertising image color design incorporating a visual color analyzer

Abstract Colors have a significant impact on marketing so designers often use color strategically to shape brand personality and purchase intent. The automatic color design of advertising images is challenging because it must satisfy esthetic goals while also complying with the color design for different content, brand or targeted audience. This paper proposes a data-driven method to color advertising images automatically according to input product color and context-related keywords. To generate good coloring suggestions, we collected 13,000 well-labeled adverting images and built two probabilistic models to capture stylistic color properties. To collect the color preferences of potential users, we developed a color analyzer to display the result of clustering advertising images. Using the visual display, a user can explore and select images to guide our model to generate more personalized colors. We applied our method to three coloring tasks including keyword-based coloring, product-based coloring and user-guide coloring to test its performance against three coloring goals. In perceptual studies, colorings generated by our method were preferred to those generated by other models or created by non-professional students.

FORMATION OF TEENAGER’S IDIOLECT IN DONNA TARTT’S NOVEL “THE GOLDFINCH” AND SPECIFICS OF ITS TRANSLATION

In the article the means of forming an adolescent idiollect and the peculiarities of its reproduction in translation are considered. The study was focused on the idiolects of the central characters of the Donna Tart’s novel “The Goldfinch” – Theo and Boris. The article deals with such concepts as idiostyle, author's style and idiolect, as well as the definition of idiolect as a set of formal and stylistic peculiarities inherent to the speech of a separate carrier of a certain language. On the example of Donna Tart’s novel “The Goldfinch”, it was found out that the means of forming teen idiolect are slang, argots, jargon – they are common to the teen's idiolect in general. In addition, it was found that the elements of the idiolect of each character are words and expressions that reflect his personal life experience: in Theo’s speech such vocabulary includes psychological and art-study terms, a sophisticated and intelligent style of utterances, and later – obscene words and words, borrowed from Russian, Ukrainian and Polish, which appeared in Theo’s speech after he got acquainted with Boris; Boris, a son of a Ukrainian emigrant who had mixed Ukrainian-Polish origin, uses in speech lots of obscene words, borrowings from Ukrainian, Russian and Polish. The translation of the novel by Viktor Shovkun was analyzed and it was found that the translator significantly softened and to some extent neutralized the language of adolescents. A series of translation procedures (classification by Vinogradov), which were used for the reproduction of idiolects of the central characters of the novel, were considered. After the analysis of 300 linguistic units selected by the method of full selection, the frequency of the translation procedures usage and the expediency and correctness of their application were determined. It was noted that the main difficulties of the translation of idiolects is the preservation of connotation and stylistic coloring of idiolects in translation, the transmission of idioms, the adaptation of idiolect to the language of translation and its correlation with the broadcast of the readers. Prospects for further research on the means of forming idiolects and ways of their translation were determined.

Culture-Focused Teaching of Language and Translation

This article considers certain aspects of achieving cross-cultural communicative competence by university students through culture-oriented studies of English. It describes the principles of culture-focused tuition and their implementation in the development of teaching materials using the example of a series of practical English textbooks for future linguists and, specifically, translators developed at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Various forms of class work and self-supervised student work are discussed which ensure students take an active role in the tuition process via team work and individual work, as well as the development of responsibility for their own tuition, and the build-up of skills for self-supervised work. Rigorous selection and use of authentic, up-to-date, high-quality verbal and audio-visual material is described as an essential component of creating teaching resources. Language resources should be not only authentic: they must reflect the contemporary state of the English language, focusing on typical usage and differences between variations of the English language. The article describes such assessment from the points of view of the style of texts in terms of grammatical correctness, modern or obsolete vocabulary, typical or untypical usage, stylistic colouring, the number and quality of stylistic devices and other such criteria. The article also reviews the progress of cognitive studies in linguistics and their relevance for, and impact on, the methodology of language teaching. It discusses recent achievements in cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics as the basis for culture-focused tuition strategies, aimed at the development of cross-cultural communicative competence, which must be understood as a conscious and pro-active mastering by students of certain communicative strategies and tactics of verbal behaviour in a foreign language environment.