Children's Styles Research Articles

Children's poetry by Rasul Gamzatov

The object of this research is the works of Rasul Gamzatov, while the subject is his poetics and style of children's poems. Detailed analysis is conducted on the genre and ideological-thematic peculiarities of children's poems by R. Gamzatov. Attention is focused on the techniques and means of expressiveness of the literary image. Rasul Gamzatov's children's poetry has not previously become the object of comprehensive research. The author observes the lack of scientific research that touch upon this side of the poet’s activity, namely substantive, formal, and artistic peculiarities of his poems for children. This topic requires in-depth scientific examination. The conclusion is made on the extensive representation of children's poetry in the works of Rasul Gamzatov, the key motifs of which are hard work, education, patriotism, love for the mother, plea for peace on earth, and propaganda of the traditional highland upbringing. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt of holistic study of the poetics, as well as genre, stylistic and ideological-thematic peculiarities of children's poetry. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in shedding light on the little-studied aspect of R. Gamzatov's works, which arouses interest in further research of his literary heritage.

Literature Review on Parenting Styles and Development of Children with Special Needs

Parents play an essential role in a child’s life, especially in childhood, till they become self-sufficient. Discipline and control imposed by parents help develop a healthy personality of a child. Research-based evidence supports that parenting style substantially affects children’s development (Gupta, Mehtani 2017). Parenting styles have a more significant impact on children’s behavioural, emotional, educational and social aspects. Change in familial structure from extended to nuclear and further to single parents has also had a more significant impact on parenting style and, in turn, on the development of children. Much of the credit goes to Baumrind (1966) for the pioneering work on parenting style and child behaviour [1], but most of the research is done in the context of normal children. The status of parenting style in children with special needs has not been studied so far. Referring to the literature and research available, this paper addresses the parenting style and development of normal children in general and children with special needs in particular.

Attachment styles in children. Attachment Styles in the Family of Origin (ASFO)

Over the past few decades, the role of attachment in human life has been analyzed by many scientists. Attachment is one of the most basic motives of human behavior to provide a sense of security. Increasingly, the importance and impact of the attachment style shaped in childhood on interpersonal relationships in adulthood are emphasized. The child’s attachment to the parent is a prototype for later relationships with the spouse or other people from the immediate environment.
 Authors of the article present a new research method - Attachment Styles in the Family of Origin (ASFO) - which can be helpful in determining the attachment style formed during childhood (up to the age of 12). The questionnaire consists of 4 scales measuring 4 attachment styles: safe style, anxious-ambivalent style, avoidant style and rejecting style.

Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

AimsIdentifying factors that contribute to mental health difficulties in young people as early in life as possible are needed to inform prevention strategies. One area of interest is attachment. Although existing research has suggested an association between insecure attachment styles and mental health difficulties, these studies often have small sample sizes, use cross-sectional designs, and measure attachment as a discrete variable at a single point or use romantic relationship attachment as a proxy for childhood attachment. It is also unclear whether these associations persist into late adolescence. In this large prospective study we aimed to determine whether an insecure attachment style measured at repeated points in early childhood, is associated with depression and self-harm at 18 years.MethodWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Mothers completed attachment related questionnaires when their child was 18, 30, and 42 months old. Offspring depression and lifetime self-harm was assessed at 18 years in clinic using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Attachment was derived as a continuous latent variable in a structural equation modelling framework. Logistic regression was performed on participants with complete attachment data (n = 7032) to examine the association between attachment style and depression and self-harm, with adjustment for potential confounders. Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation.ResultWe found some evidence for an association between a more insecure attachment style in childhood, and a diagnosis of depression and life-time self-harm at age 18. In the fully adjusted imputed model, a one standard deviation increase in insecure attachment was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of depression (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.27) and a 14% increase in the odds of self-harm at age 18 (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.02 to 1.25), for children who had more insecure attachment in early childhood, compared with children who had more secure attachment.ConclusionThis is the largest longitudinal study to examine the prospective association between childhood attachment and depression and self-harm in late adolescence. Our findings strengthen the evidence suggesting that a childhood insecure attachment style is associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence. Policies and interventions to support parenting behaviours that foster the development of secure attachment styles, or attachment-based therapies to improve attachment quality, could help reduce depression and self-harm in adolescence/young adulthood.Philippa Clery is supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research at the University of Bristol and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund.

Abordaje de los estilos de crianza como herramienta para el médico familiar durante la atención del adolescente

<p>Es común que las familias enfrenten dificultades para llevar a cabo funciones de cuidado y para satisfacer necesidades de afecto, establecer límites y todo lo que implica ejercer prácticas de crianza que lleven al desarrollo de adolescentes funcionales y emocionalmente estables. La atención a este grupo etario requiere de profesionales que otorguen atención integral y de calidad desde las perspectivas biológica, psicológica y social, así como la promoción de factores protectores, el fomento de acciones de autocuidado y la resiliencia. Se ha documentado que existen estilos de crianza que representan un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos afectivos, consumo de sustancias, somatización, trastornos de alimentación y trastornos de aprendizaje, entre otros; sin embargo, en la práctica de la Medicina Familiar no se toman en cuenta como un factor de riesgo. Dado este escenario, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos con los temas de ciclo vital familiar, estilos de crianza y adolescencia; paralelo a esto, se propone el uso de herramientas para la evaluación de estilos de crianza en niños y adolescentes como apoyo en la consulta enfocada a determinar factores de riesgo.</p>

The Child Attachment Style Interview (Child-ASI) and depression: Preliminary findings

Background:Childhood familial trauma is a major contributor to psychological disorder. One of its key impacts is insecure attachment style, which impedes the development of close relationships. Trauma-related vulnerability is important to assess in primary school but there is a gap in age-appropriate measurement tools. This paper outlines the development of the Child Attachment Style Interview (Child-ASI) suitable for 6 to 11-year olds. This can be utilised on-site to identify damaging effects of trauma experience at an early stage.Method:The Child-ASI was developed from an existing adolescent/adult measure and tested on a sample of children in primary school (N=42) together with a subsample of those in care (N=20). A checklist of life events and the Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (MFQ) for depression was also administered.Results:Acceptable inter-rater reliability was found (K=0.84 for overall attachment style). A factor analysis of subscales produced the expected five factors for classification. Rates of insecure styles (38 per cent in school and 90 per cent in care) were consistent with other studies and related to separation from parent and depression. Logistic regression showed insecure attachment style and negative life events provided the best model for depression.Conclusion:Preliminary findings indicate the Child-ASI provides an effective way of assessing attachment style in children. Its use is for more intensive investigation of trauma-related interpersonal problems, administered by trained teachers. It is less intrusive than direct trauma assessments and fits with the policy need to identify vulnerability for mental health issues in schools.

Program Layanan Bimbingan Belajar untuk Anak Usia Dini

Tutoring service program for individual assistance in order to overcome problems in children's learning activities so that there are different styles of children's learning in achieving maximum learning performance. Children's tutoring focuses on improving children's learning, children's independent attitudes, children's growth and development, and children's learning achievement. Improving children's learning requires the cooperation of teachers and parents as a source of communication. This program is the first pathway in the Wadas Kelir Play Group non-formal education unit as a child's learning excellence. The organizer of this tutoring service program is the Wadas Kelir Purwokerto Play Group which has programs, orientation services, information services, coaching and distribution, excellence, and learning assistance. The research objective is to find out the aspects of child development through active, educational, and communicative tutoring services programs. So, the achievement of the implementation of tutoring services is having learning resilience in learning habits, such as accustomed to reading or reading books, art school, appreciation of work, and motivation for children's independence. The research method is descriptive qualitative with the subject; classroom teachers, and children involved in learning activities. The research object of the tutoring service program is in the Wadas Kelir South Purwokerto Play Group. The method is by collecting data in the form of documentation, interviews, and observations. As a result, children are confident, skilled in learning, increased language vocabulary, are independent, can read, and have increased reasoning power. From here, the main key to maximum child development is to program children to learn in a fun learning model.

The Hidden Danger in Family Environment: The Role of Self-Reported Parenting Style in Cognitive and Affective Empathy Among Offenders.

Parenting styles are considered to have an important influence on the development of individuals and have been associated with empathy. The present study aimed to investigate the self-reported different parenting styles in childhood and adolescence and associated cognitive and affective empathy among offenders. Men incarcerated in prison in Jiangsu Province in China were invited to participate. Each consenting participant was asked to complete the Parental Bonding Instrument to collect information regarding the parenting styles they experienced in childhood and adolescence and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate their empathy. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between different parenting styles and the empathy of offenders, and a one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a t-test were used to explore the differences in cognitive and affective empathy with different degrees of parenting styles. The parental care and control factors in childhood and adolescence were significantly more strongly associated with empathy among offenders than the parental encouragement factor. There were different associations between the parental care and control factors and offenders’ empathy depending on whether the parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. When the parenting styles were consistent, different degrees of parental care had a significant predictive effect on cognitive and affective empathy, while different degrees of parental control were only significantly associated with affective empathy among the offenders. When the parenting styles were inconsistent, different degrees of paternal and maternal control were associated with cognitive and affective empathy among the offenders. Our findings suggest that not only different parenting styles experienced in childhood and adolescence had different predictive effects on empathy among offenders but also the degrees of parenting styles and whether the paternal and maternal parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent may affect the patterns of parenting styles and empathy. Moreover, the parental control factor had a particular influence on empathy among the offenders. Our findings underscore the pressing need for adopting preventive monitoring measures or developing policies to improve parenting styles.

Interaction Styles in Context: Comparing Drag-and-Drop, Point-and-Touch, and Touch in a Mobile Spelling Game

ABSTRACT The choice of appropriate interaction style for children’s application has been a divisive subject of debate. For example, drag-and-drop is often said to perform worse than point-and-click in educational applications – and vice versa. In this article, we argue for the need to choose the interaction style in context, considering a range of factors. We compare drag-and-drop, point-and-touch, and simple touch for selecting letters to form words in a spelling line as part of an educational spelling game. We evaluate the perceived workload, user experience, preference, and writing times of twenty-five children (8–11 years), eight of whom were dyslexic. We found that touch received better ratings and was ranked highest most often on all subscales compared to drag-and-drop and point-and-touch. Children needed less time using touch and 68% chose it as their favorite interaction style. We also found small advantages for drag-and-drop over point-and-touch, which runs counter to some recent recommendations. This becomes particularly clear when using ranking responses, which support a particularly fine-grained picture.

POLA ASUH ORANG TUA PADA ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH KELUARGA BURUH DI KELURAHAN KOLONGAN AKEMBAWI KECAMATAN TAHUNA BARAT

The purpose of this study was to determine the parenting style of children dropping out of school in the family of workers in Kolongan Akembawi, Tahuna Barat sub-district. This study used qualitative research, with techniques such as observation and in-depth interviews, data collection in this study used internal validation and external validation. , dependability and confirmability Sugiyono, 2010. The results show that the parenting style applied in families whose parents work as laborers in the Kolongan Akembawi sub-district, Tahuna Barat district, is a combination of authoritarian and permissive. Authoritarian parenting is characterized by the existence of absolute rules from parents that cannot be denied by children, especially in selecting schools for children aged 6-12 years. Permissive parenting is characterized by the behavior of parents who always agree with the wishes of the child, the choice of the child is considered by the parents as a policy in the family.

Effects of Gain- and Loss-Framed Messages on Preventive Nutrition Behaviors of Osteoporosis in Iranian Female Students: A Text Messaging Intervention

Background:Adopting a healthy life style in children may protect them against osteoporosis in later life. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of gain-framed versus loss-framed using mobile phones short-messages service (SMS) intervention in promoting knowledge, attitude and preventive nutrition behaviors of osteoporosis among a sample of Iranian female students. Materials and Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, 345 female students in Semnan, Iran were randomly selected and assigned to either intervention group 1 (receiving gain-framed text messages, n=115), intervention group 2 (receiving loss-framed text messages, n=115), and control group (no receiving text messages, n=115). Knowledge, attitude and dietary behaviors related to osteoporosis prevention were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire before and one month after the delivery of the framed information via SMS. Seventy two short messages that emphasized the benefits of adopting the behavior (n=35), and the costs of non adopting it (n=35) have been sent to the participants’ phones in intervention group 1 and 2, respectively during the 35-day intervention period. Results: The age of participants in the three groups was 12 years. They were studying in the seventh grade. After the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge (2.32±0.60, p <0.001), attitude (1.52±0.60, p=0.03), and adopting the preventive nutrition behaviors of osteoporosis (1.30±0.58, p=0.05) variables in the intervention group 1 had a significant increase compared to the intervention group 2. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that gain-framed text messages significantly improved adopting osteoporosis preventive nutrition behaviors than loss framed text messages.

НАУЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ КАЗАХСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В РАННЕМ И ДОШКОЛЬНОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

The article deals with the problems of forming the language system of the Kazakh (native) language in preschool age. The importance of studying the regularities and features of the formation of components of the language system in the course of speech ontogenesis of children of early and preschool age is revealed. It is emphasized that in the course of scientific research, as close as possible to touch the speech-motor potential of each child, while ensuring not only a tolerant attitude to children's innovations and children's speech style, but also to pay maximum attention to the natural process of mastering the native language and the features of the structure of the speech-language mechanism.The authors identified effective ways to study and explain the ontogenesis of speech –the process of learning the native language by children. Scientific approaches to the consideration of language phenomena in the child's speech and the prospects for conducting ontolinguistic research are also identified

Exploring and Leveraging Known Resources to Support Pediatric Clinical Outcomes Assessment (COA) Development.

Best practices for pediatric clinical outcomes assessment (COA) development rely on guidelines that have been developed for adult populations. While some useful resources are available to support pediatric COA development, this information has primarily come from within the measurement development field. To our knowledge, no research has explored the experiences of professionals from other disciplines who interact with children on a routine basis. The goal of this research was to explore the experiences of professionals from outside of the measurement science field, who work closely with children every day, in settings relevant to the context of concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews for pediatric COA development. The objectives were to 1) learn new ways to engage children in conversations regarding their health state; 2) understand how methods used in other disciplines can be used to improve the amount and quality of data emerging from pediatric qualitative interviews; and 3) generate a list of references to support pediatric COA development. Individual, one-to-one expert advice meetings were conducted over the phone or in person and lasted approximately 60 minutes in duration. One child life specialist, one speech/language pathologist, and three reading specialists were consulted, given their role in evaluating children's comprehensive abilities as well as their daily interactions with children. Two experienced COA researchers conducted the expert advice meetings using a semi-structured interview guide to provide a framework for discussion. These experts reported that factors such as interview setting, time taken to build rapport with the child, the child's comfort level, presence or absence of caregiver during the interview, the child's communication style, disease-related factors, and the child's developmental age may influence the amount and type of information that is possible to elicit during qualitative interviews. Several of these factors are also important for cognitive debriefing interviews. In addition, experts provided input that may improve the debriefing procedure, such as having the child read the text aloud in small increments, re-read text, and highlight text that they do not understand. Best practice tips from the experts were consolidated into a set of references for use by those conducting pediatric COA development research. Incorporating interdisciplinary perspectives into pediatric COA development may improve both the methods used to elicit information from children and the quality of the resulting questionnaires.

Hygiene and Eating Healthy Habits and Practices in Spanish Families with Children Aged 6 to 14.

During childhood and pre-adolescence, the family environment is key to initiating and consolidating healthy styles in children through a balanced diet and basic hygiene habits. This study analyses hygiene, nutrition and health practices in Spanish families with children between 6 and 14 years of age according to the type of family (nuclear, single-parent or reconstituted) and the quantity, age and gender of the children. A representative Spanish national sample of 1103 Spanish parents, 270 fathers and 833 mothers, with children aged 6 to 14, is analysed. The study is descriptive, using statistical techniques with classic indicators (means, percentages). The results show that nuclear families manifest healthier habits, in general, and consider the consumption of pastries, ultra-processed food and excessive amounts of salt to be harmful. Furthermore, this family typology develops healthy and hygienic habits, such as brushing teeth daily, sleeping at least 8 h a day, drinking a glass of milk a day, eating fish more than once a week and eating fast food sporadically. They are also concerned about their children’s annual medical check-ups (paediatrician and dentist). It is concluded that the family type is related to the hygiene and feeding habits of the children.

Parenting style and Emotional regulation in children with Borderline and Average intellectual functioning

Background: Children with borderline intellectual functioning represent a unique course of behavioral and developmental challenges. One such issue is emotion regulation (ER), leading to poor interpersonal relationships and adjustment issues in adulthood. There are extensive studies highlighting the role of parenting style in emotion regulation. Aim: The present study compares the emotion regulation and parenting style in children having borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) versus average intellectual functioning (AIF). Methods: Fifty pairs of child-parent were recruited, 25 children with AIF, and 25 children with BIF. The intelligence quotient (IQ) score on Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC) was used to identify children as BIF and AIF. Emotional Regulation Questionnaire- Child and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) was used with children to assess ER. Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) was administered to either parent to assess the parenting style of parents. Results: Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The results suggested that children with BIF significantly differed (p=.004) from children with AIF in emotion regulation strategy at .01 level of significance. Additionally, parents of children with BIF were permissive, and the difference in parenting style was significant (p=.022) at .05 level of significance. Conclusions: The child's cognitive abilities might be influencing his functioning and interaction with parents. The intervention programs aiming at the regulation of emotions for children with BIF, along with parental training, might be helpful. More research is required to understand and assess issues of this vulnerable and neglected group.

MAKNA TEOLOGI DALAM NOVEL TUHAN MAHA ASYIK SUDJIWO TEDJO DAN DR. MN. KAMBA

AbstractGod, with its various mysteries, has given man the element that the search for Him for a search which - apart from being a continuous and unending activity - also gives pleasure. That is why God is most fun: either as an object of study, or as the goal of the entire axis of human activity. The author's understanding of God is very interesting to know, because this book of God is Most Fun is very different from other Theology books. The thinking method used is hermeneutics. The results of research on the novel Tuhan Maha Asik written by Sudjiwo Tedjo and DR. M N. Kamba, shows a direction in unique stories, starting from the discussion of wayang, marhain, worms, self and so on, which is presented with analogies in the style of children. The theological meaning contained in this book is theology of authentic self. Where we can know God through each human being, the self that is meant here is a natural self, not a self that has been entered by concepts formed from society or from outside.

Parenting Patterns with Sibling Rivalry Incidents in Preschooler: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Parenting style is a comprehensive unity between parent-child interactions. Different parenting styles in children have an impact on the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool children. According to WHO (World Health Organization) the incidence of sibling rivalry in parenting, the known data from research on 52 respondents: democratic parenting (32.7%), authoritarian (3.8%), permissive (46.2%), abandonment (17.3%), there was Sibling Rivalry (65.4%) and there was no Sibling Rivalry (34.6%). This paper aims to assess the effect of parenting style on the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool children. Method: This writing uses a systematic review design. The data is taken from the Science Direct, Poquest and Google Cendikia databases, with a period of 2016-2020. Search for journals and articles using the keywords parenting (parenting), sibling rivalry, prescooler (pre-school children). Result: There were ten selected journal articles from 2508 journal articles found from three databases. All journal articles say that there is a relationship between the type of parenting style of parents and the incidence of sibling rivalry in preschool children. Discussion: The results of the analysis in this systematic review show that modern parents, who have a level of knowledge that continues to develop, are more proactive in seeking information about parenting styles and sibling rivalry. Conclusion: The majority of parenting styles adopted by parents are democratic parenting so that parents become more pro-active in seeking information about the best parenting styles and the incidence of sibling rivalry.

How Super Skills for Life may help children to cope with the COVID-19: Psychological impact and coping styles after the program

As this is the first time that a pandemic has occurred in our recent history, preventive interventions for children´s emotional problems during confinement were not planned. A main goal of Super Skills for Life Program (SSL) is to provide children with skills to build emotional resilience and coping strategies for daily and difficult life situations, so examining how the program may help children to face the COVID-19 situation could be appropriate. The aim of this research was to compare parents’ perception of immediate psychological reactions to confinement and coping styles in children who received the SSL program before home confinement (n = 48) with an equivalent sample of children who did not attend the program (n = 48). Another objective was to study the relationship between children’s immediate psychological reactions to confinement and their coping styles. Parents (n = 96) completed an online survey providing information on sociodemographic variables, children’s immediate psychological reactions (anxiety/activation, mood, sleep, behavioral alterations, eating and cognitive alterations), and children’s coping styles (task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented strategies). Results indicated that the control group presented more symptoms of anxiety (p ≤ .001), worse mood (p ≤ .001), more sleep problems (p ≤ .01), and more cognitive alterations (p ≤ .01) during home confinement than children who received the program. Children in the control group were also more likely to use emotion-oriented strategies (p = .001), which were associated with presenting more psychological alterations. Although the SSL program was not created specifically for coping with the COVID-19 situation, it seems to provide children with skills to cope with this unexpected event.

The μ-opioid receptor gene A118G polymorphism is associated with insecure attachment in children with disruptive mood regulation disorder and their mothers.

BackgroundThe A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ‐opioid receptor gene, with high expression of the A allele and low expression of the G allele, has been associated with emotional/behavioral dysregulation and depressive disorders and is recognized as a mediator of affiliative behavior. No study has thus far investigated this SNP in school‐age children with disruptive mood regulation disorder (DMDD). This study compared a sample of healthy children and their mothers with a sample of children with DMDD and their mothers, evaluating whether insecure attachment and psychopathological symptoms are associated with A allele‐ or G allele‐carrying mothers and children and whether caregiving capacities are associated with A allele‐ or G allele‐carrying mothers.MethodsFor evaluation of their psychopathological symptoms and attachment styles, mothers filled out the CBCL/6‐18, the SCL‐90‐R, and the ECR. To evaluate the types of relationship children were experiencing with their mothers, children filled out the ECR‐revised child version and the PBI. Genotypic analyses were conducted on DNA samples obtained by buccal swabbing from children and mothers.ResultsAn insecure attachment style was more frequent in mothers and children carrying the G allele (G/G + A/G genotypes). In the clinical sample, G allele‐carrying children scored higher than homozygous A/A ones on the subscales of Withdrawal and Conduct Problems. G‐carrying mothers showed higher interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation and provided less care than A/A mothers.ConclusionsThis study offers new insights into the associations between the A118G SNP of the μ‐opioid receptor gene and emotional/behavioral functioning, attachment style in children, and psychopathology and caregiving ability in mothers.

Genre and stylistic complex of “Three Pieces in C Major” for piano by M. Karminskyi: compositional and performing aspects

Genre and stylistic complex of “Three Pieces in C Major” for piano by M. Karminskyi: compositional and performing aspects