Children's Styles Research Articles

Genre and stylistic complex of “Three Pieces in C Major” for piano by M. Karminskyi: compositional and performing aspects

Genre and stylistic complex of “Three Pieces in C Major” for piano by M. Karminskyi: compositional and performing aspects

Effect of Parenting Style on Severity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Children Attending Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta

Background: Having an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) child has a disruptive effect on parenting style. As it demands more efforts to be managed and control their behaviors. Insufficient parenting style in childhood can affect the progress of the disorder, worse its signs and symptoms, and increases the risk of development of other behavioral problems, as an oppositional defiant disorder. Aim of the work: We were aiming in this study to assess the relationship between the severity of ADHD and parenting style. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 children who had been attending the psychiatry outpatient clinic from January to June 2019. ADHD was diagnosed with an interview. The ADHD severity and parenting style were assessed by Conner’s Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R-L) and parenting style scale, respectively. Results: The mean age of the enrolled children was 7.91 ± 2.39 years, and 72% were males. The severity of ADHD was 9% mild, 36% moderate, 32% severe, and 23% very severe. There was a statistically significant relation between “negative” or authoritarian parenting style and severity of ADHD (p <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that ADHD was more common among males with statistically significant relation with parenting style, and a “positive” parenting style may help in decrease the severity of ADHD symptoms.

Children struggle beyond preschool-age in a continuous version of the ambiguous figures task

Children until the age of five are only able to reverse an ambiguous figure when they are informed about the second interpretation. In two experiments, we examined whether children’s difficulties would extend to a continuous version of the ambiguous figures task. Children (Experiment 1: 66 3- to 5-year olds; Experiment 2: 54 4- to 9-year olds) and adult controls saw line drawings of animals gradually morph—through well-known ambiguous figures—into other animals. Results show a relatively late developing ability to recognize the target animal, with difficulties extending beyond preschool-age. This delay can neither be explained with improvements in theory of mind, inhibitory control, nor individual differences in eye movements. Even the best achieving children only started to approach adult level performance at the age of 9, suggesting a fundamentally different processing style in children and adults.

Children's Outdoor Activities and Parenting Style in Children's Social Skill

Physical activity is very important for early childhood, especially outdoor activities that add a lot of new experiences. This study aims to check the relationship of children's outdoor activities and parenting styles and children's social skills. The participants are 125 parents of early childhood who attend kindergarten. The research method is a descriptive study using the relational screening model. The results showed that there was a relationship between outside play and parenting style on the social skills of children in their childhood. Democratic parenting styles are found to promote children's social skills, while authoritative parenting styles have a negative correlation with interpersonal skills, the ability to express verbally, self-control, listening skills, emotional management and adaptation to change. In the sub-dimensions of anger management and adaptation to changing skills is a significant difference between authoritative parenting styles and not permissive parenting with children's social skills.

English Influences, Russian Experiments

Abstract This article analyzes the Neo-Russian style in children’s book illustrations in Russia and compares it to analogous artistic developments in England, revealing a similar evolutionary path to that of other national variants of Art Nouveau. The initial aesthetic impulse for this evolution came from the promotion of crafts and medieval handicrafts by “enlightened amateurs.” The history of children’s books, with its patently playful nature, aestheticization of primitives, and free play with quotations from the history of art, is an important episode in the history of Russian and English Art Nouveau. Starting with a consideration of the new attitude towards the “theme of childhood” as such, and a new focus on the child’s perception of the world, this article reveals why the children’s book, long treated as a marginal genre, became a fertile and universal field for artistic experimentation at the turn of the twentieth century. It then focuses on Elena Polenova’s concept of children’s book illustrations, which reflected both her enthusiasm for the British Arts and Crafts movement, and, in particular, the work of Walter Crane, and her profound knowledge of Russian crafts and folklore. The last part of the article deals with the artistic experiments of Ivan Bilibin and the similarities of his book designs to those of Walter Crane.

Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia: Upaya Memahami Keberagaman Gaya Belajar Anak

&lt;em&gt;This writing discusses about a way to understand the varieties of children’s learning styles in environment of formal school. One of the ways that will be discussed is by designing a learning based on multimedia. The research uses an approach which vies some concepts existed in the variable. It is called by library research. The result of this research shows that children’s learning styles generally are divided into three styles, they are auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. By using multimedia approach in teaching, it will help teacher in understanding various styles of children’s learning. It is because of multimedia consist of the components, such as media and audio media and visual media have been integrated in multimedia. Instead of multimedia which is designed well can stimulate children’s attention in learning process so the children are interested to follow the learning and all of aspects that are needed by children.&lt;/em&gt;

Psychosocial difficulties and quality of life in children with hearing impairment and their association with parenting styles

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the psychosocial problems, quality of life and parenting styles in children with hearing impairment. A total of 84 children (42 children with hearing impairment and 42 healthy children) and their parents were included. The emotional, behavioural, peer and school-related problems were significantly higher, and self-esteem levels were significantly lower in the case group compared to the healthy children. We also determined that the parents of children with hearing impairment had overprotective and authoritarian parenting styles compared. The findings showed that there was a significant correlation between the emotional problems of children and the overprotective and authoritarian parenting style. These findings indicated that the intervention should not focus solely on the existing disabilities of these children. It also pointed at the importance of the parental attitudes in both the treatment and protection of mental health.

Why are you eating, mom? Maternal emotional, restrained, and external eating explaining children's eating styles

This study investigated if three maternal eating styles (emotional eating style, external eating style, and restrained eating style) predict respective eating styles in children. In particular, we tested if these associations are different in mother-daughter dyads, compared to mother-son dyads. Data were collected twice, at the baseline (Time 1; T1) and at the 10-month follow-up (Time 2; T2), with N = 822 mother-child dyads participating at T1. Children (55% girls, 5–12 years old, M = 8.21, SD = 1.40) were interviewed; mothers (aged 23–59 years old, M = 35.93, SD = 5.24) completed the questionnaire assessing their eating styles. Participants' weight and height were measured objectively. Path analysis, accounting for dyadic interdependency and autocorrelations, was applied. In mother-daughter dyads, maternal emotional eating (T1) predicted daughters' emotional eating (T2) whereas maternal restrained eating (T1) predicted daughters' restrained eating (T2). There were no effects of external eating in mother-daughter dyads. A different pattern of associations was found for mother-son dyads, with maternal emotional eating (T1) and external eating (T1) predicting sons' emotional eating (T2) and external eating (T2), respectively. There was no effect of maternal restrained eating in mother-son dyads. Maternal eating styles explain child's eating styles with distinct effects depending on child's sex. Educating mothers about the effects of their own eating styles on daughters' and sons' eating styles might be useful to promote adequate responses to hunger and satiety signals.

Impact of Prior Authorization Delays on Hepatitis C Treatment Completion Rates and Sustained Virologic Response

Children have been found to rely on others for food choice and food intake cues, but it is unclear whether a similar type of social modeling occurs for food portion selection, especially among young children. Given that portion size predicts energy intake, it is important to understand the role of social influence on portion selection behavior early in life. The present study aimed to determine preschoolers' conformity to food portion selection patterns of remote peers using a computerized Portion Selection Task and examined the role of parents' feeding styles in children's susceptibility to others' food portion choices. Seventy-five 3–6 year old Singaporean children (M = 62 ± 0.72 months) were asked to make food portion selections of high-energy-density (ED) foods and low-ED foods both independently and after having viewed remote peers' portion selections of the same foods. In the unhealthy peers condition, children saw peers choose large portions of high-ED foods and small portions of low-ED foods, while in the healthy peers condition, children saw peers select large portions of low-ED foods and small portions of high-ED foods. Parents were surveyed about their child feeding practices. Results revealed that participants exhibited conformity to the portion sizes of remote peers for both high-ED and low-ED foods under the healthy peers condition, but only marginally for high-ED foods under the unhealthy peers condition. Parents' higher restriction of foods for child's health was marginally associated with lower conformity to peers' portion selections of unhealthy foods and higher conformity to peers' portion selections of healthy foods. This study provides support for social modeling of food portion selection among young children, but the extent of social modeling may be contingent on characteristics of the food.

Emotion recognition and processing style in children with an intellectual disability

Research aims: People with an intellectual disability generally have poorer emotion recognition than their typically developing peers, but there is limited research on how processing style might influence this. Our study aimed to explore this. Methods: Children with (n = 45) and without (n = 57) an intellectual disability completed an emotion recognition naming task and a processing style task. A path mediation model was used to evaluate whether having an intellectual disability predicted poorer emotion recognition and whether this was mediated by a more local processing style. Results: We found that, while children with an intellectual disability were significantly less accurate at emotion recognition, having a local processing preference was not a significant factor in this. Conclusion: The results of the present study may be helpful for nurses who are involved in developing, delivering and evaluating interventions to improve the emotion recognition of people with an intellectual disability.

Preschoolers exhibit conformity to computer-simulated food portion selection behaviors of remote peers

Children have been found to rely on others for food choice and food intake cues, but it is unclear whether a similar type of social modeling occurs for food portion selection, especially among young children. Given that portion size predicts energy intake, it is important to understand the role of social influence on portion selection behavior early in life. The present study aimed to determine preschoolers' conformity to food portion selection patterns of remote peers using a computerized Portion Selection Task and examined the role of parents' feeding styles in children's susceptibility to others' food portion choices. Seventy-five 3–6 year old Singaporean children (M = 62 ± 0.72 months) were asked to make food portion selections of high-energy-density (ED) foods and low-ED foods both independently and after having viewed remote peers' portion selections of the same foods. In the unhealthy peers condition, children saw peers choose large portions of high-ED foods and small portions of low-ED foods, while in the healthy peers condition, children saw peers select large portions of low-ED foods and small portions of high-ED foods. Parents were surveyed about their child feeding practices. Results revealed that participants exhibited conformity to the portion sizes of remote peers for both high-ED and low-ED foods under the healthy peers condition, but only marginally for high-ED foods under the unhealthy peers condition. Parents' higher restriction of foods for child's health was marginally associated with lower conformity to peers' portion selections of unhealthy foods and higher conformity to peers' portion selections of healthy foods. This study provides support for social modeling of food portion selection among young children, but the extent of social modeling may be contingent on characteristics of the food.

Investigation of the Preferred Learning Styles of Persons Living with Dementia

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the preferred learning styles of persons living with dementia using the learning styles inventory for persons with dementia. Furthermore, this investigation evaluated unit productivity and job satisfaction of nursing assistants when activities of daily living were designed using the residents’ preferred learning styles. Revealed through literature review was the concern that nursing assistants in long-term care experience resident resistance to care and resident agitation which is often related to the resident’s cognitive decline and confusion which reduces unit productivity and makes task completion difficult. Also, through a literature review, the most significant job satisfaction for the nursing assistant was about the relationship that was experienced and shared with the residents in their care. Although a great deal of research exists on preferred learning styles of children and adults, there appear to be limited studies conducted on persons living with dementia. Also, there is limited information surrounding the subject of whether if knowing the preferred learning styles of patients living with dementia helps foster cooperation during activities of daily living and increases unit productivity while maintaining or improving nursing assistant relationships with their residents.

Measurement of heart rate variability and cognitive abilities based on attachment styles in children with chronic medical conditions

Recognizing the biopsychosocial dimensions of chronic medical conditions in children and preparing them to adapt to medical processes is one of the most significant issues in the field of health psychology. The aim of this study was to measure heart rate variability and cognitive abilities based on attachment style in children with chronic medical conditions. To this end, 45 children aged 12–15 years who had received a diagnosis of a chronic medical disease and were matched with the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were entered the study using available sampling method. These children were assigned to three groups of secure, avoidance and anxiety attachment style based on the Collins and Reid Attachment Scale. These groups had been demographically homogeneous. Then heart rate variability and cognitive abilities were measured. One-way ANOVA results showed a significant difference between the three groups in the heart rate variability and cognitive abilities. Post hoc test showed that children with secure attachment style had higher efficiency in heart rate variability and cognitive abilities. These results indicate that attachment style is one of the factors influencing the health status of children with chronic medical illness. These findings highlight the importance of paying attention to psychological factors, especially attachment and its role in the health status of children with chronic medical conditions.

Self-reported attachment styles in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Self-reported attachment styles in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Maternal Feeding Practices, Health Cognitions, and Children's Eating Styles and Weight Status.

To examine the relationship between maternal cognitions related to promoting a healthy lifestyle in their child, maternal feeding practices, children's eating styles, and child weight status in children aged 4 to 6 years. Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected in 251 Dutch mothers of preschoolers. Structural equation modeling was used to test the fit of a model that assumed maternal health cognitions would predict maternal feeding practices, which in turn would predict children's eating styles and child weight status. Explorative analyses were conducted to examine child characteristics as predictors of maternal health cognitions and feeding practices. Mothers with higher self-efficacy used fewer pressure-to-eat feeding techniques, which in turn was related to less avoidant eating styles in children. In addition, mothers who perceived more benefits of a healthy lifestyle used more restriction techniques, which in turn predicted a more approach-oriented eating style in children, which was also related to higher child standard deviation scores body mass index. Finally, children with an avoidant eating style had mothers who perceived more barriers and reported less self-efficacy. Self-efficacy and perceived benefits relate to maternal feeding practices and eating styles of the child. However, more perceived benefits of a healthy lifestyle were associated with inadequate feeding practices. Therefore, interventions targeted at mothers to reduce child overweight should focus not only on reinforcing perceived benefits of a healthy lifestyle but also on how the mother can translate her attitudes into adaptive parenting to achieve the desired health outcomes.

LEARNING ENGLISH USING SONGS FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS AT KAVLING SEROJA

Learning English for Elementary Students is different with Junior High School or Senior High School Students. It is due to the characteristic and learning style of children differ from adolescents and adults. Therefore, learning should be well-designed and concern the students’ characteristics and ages. The program was carried out to help elementary students in RW 16 Kavling Seroja to overcome the problems they faced in learning English which is often faced with the rules and form of the language in their learning. Learning activity was conducted by using songs related to the subject matter and concern their age. Learning was conducted every Saturday and Sunday for two months. The use of song in English learning can be considered as best tool because in addition to motivating students in learning, fostering fun atmosphere in learning, this activity is also useful in developing students’ vocabulary, listening skills and pronunciation. Songs can be used in different in learning the four aspects of English including listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The results of the implementation of this program in RW 16 Kavling Seroja gained positive responses from the students. It is proven by the students’ enthusiasm during the learning activity, the improvement of students’ motivation in learning, as well as the improvement of students’ English skills in the aspect of pronunciation, vocabulary, reading, and listening.

Role of Parenting Style in Children's Behavioral Problems through the Transition from Preschool to Elementary School According to Gender in Japan.

While ineffective discipline can be attributed to authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, little research has examined the role of gender in the association between parenting style and early childhood behavioral problems. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the effects of authoritarian and permissive parenting on children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors during the preschool-to-elementary-school transition according to gender in Japan. A sample of 1668 Japanese children (853 boys and 815 girls) were followed longitudinally over one-year intervals, and assessed based on parenting styles (the Parenting Scale), children’s behavioral problems (the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and family characteristics. Multivariate analyses revealed that, when analyzed by gender, authoritarian discipline influenced externalizing problems in boys (β = 0.048, p = 0.047) and girls (β = 0.067, p = 0.023), while permissive discipline influenced externalizing problems in boys only (β = 0.049, p = 0.038). The results document the relationship between family processes and the development of disruptive behavior disorders in children. Support for parents employing such child-rearing styles in early childhood may be effective in reducing school maladjustment.

Feeding Sensitivity at 3-Months Predicts Parental Feeding Style at 3-Years

Objective: To examine the association between maternal responsive feeding in infancy and later parental feeding style in childhood, with a secondary aim of linking parenting style to child weight status Design: Short-term, longitudinal study Subjects: 65 mother-infant pairs, followed from 3-months to 3-years Methods: Mother-child dyads were seen at enrollment, observed at home when the infant was 3-months-old, and at home again when the infant turned 2-years of age. When the child reached 3-years, mothers self-reported their feeding style. Results: Responsive maternal feeding at 3-months predicted an authoritative feeding style at 3-years, and the authoritative feeding style was associated with a healthier weight status. Conclusion: Responsive feeding in infancy may serve as the foundation for responsive feeding in childhood and may serve to help in reducing obesity risk

Secure attachment style appears to compensate for the effect of prenatal maternal distress regarding difficult infant temperament development.

Objective: Secure attachment style is a known protective factor regarding psychopathological development. The infant's attachment style, which is developed during the first two years of life, is therefore considered a moderating factor on the association between prenatal maternal distress and child temperament development which has repeatedly been reported in previous studies. Method: In this longitudinal study on a new sample of 51 mother-child-dyads, reported maternal distress and maternal empathy were assessed during pregnancy. Infant temperament and motor development were assessed at 12 months, while additionally controlling for the infant's attachment style as a postnatal factor. Results: Infants with secure attachment style whose mothers had experienced higher prenatal distress showed slightly better gross motor development at the age of 12 months. No association could be found between prenatal maternal distress and infant temperament. Conclusions: The results support the view that secure attachment style in children is a protective factor and softens the effects of prenatal maternal distress on difficult temperament development.

Executive Functioning Mediates the Relationship Between Pain Coping and Quality of Life in Youth With Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a lifelong condition characterized by pain, which is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL). Data suggest that patients with SCD vary in how they cope and their neurocognitive abilities. This study aimed to characterize executive functioning and pain coping styles in children with SCD experiencing a range of pain frequency (i.e., chronic, episodic, and asymptomatic) and to examine whether executive functioning mediates the relationship between pain coping and HRQL. Participants included 100 children and adolescents with SCD between the ages of 8 and 18 years (M = 13.53, SD = 2.8) and their parents who were recruited during outpatient SCD clinic visits in a children's hospital. Children completed questionnaires related to pain experience and pain coping. Parents completed questionnaires about demographic information, their child's executive functioning, and HRQL. Pain intensity, executive dysfunction, and engagement in emotion-focused coping (i.e., internalizing/catastrophizing and externalizing) predicted poor HRQL. In addition, engagement in emotion-focused coping predicted executive dysfunction. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed executive functioning did not differ based on pain frequency; however, executive functioning was a significant mediator that helped explain the relationships between distraction and emotion-focused coping techniques on HRQL. Findings support that executive functioning is an important factor in understanding the relationship between pain coping and HRQL in youth with SCD. Future research is warranted to examine the potential impact of executive functioning on the utility of interventions targeting adaptive pain coping in youth with SCD.