4th Students Research Articles

Developing An Achievement Test for Fraction Teaching: Validity and Reliability Analysis

The aim of the study is to develop an achievement test that can be used to measure the achievement status of elementary school 4th grader students in terms of their fractions learning in mathematics courses. Examining the literature, it is visible that there are 8 development stages of the achievement test.. ITEMAN 3.5 package software was employed to analyze the validity and reliability of the test. Statistical analysis of the test reveals that KR-20 Internal Consistency and KR-21 Internal Consistency are 0.90. This value indicates that the consistency of the test is high. The average discrimination of the test is 0.80, which indicates that the test is highly distinctive among students. The average strength of the test has been calculated as 0.67. Therefore, it has been determined that the test should be both easy and distinctive when it comes to measuring the effectiveness of the teaching method. The result of the analysis suggest that when consistency and distinctiveness values are considered, the developed test is not only easy to use but also highly distinctive. Finally, it has been discovered that the academic achievement test for fraction teaching is valid and reliable.

Non-suicidal self-injury and its relationship with family characteristics among adolescents in Izmit, Turkey

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and family functioning, and family characteristics. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were given the sociodemographic data form and the Family Evaluation Scale. The sociodemographic data form was included questions about family characteristics like health status, marital status, educational level, smoking-alcohol-substance use of parents and parents’ occupation. Family Evaluation Scale enables assessment of successes and failures of family functions in some areas like problem solving, communication, roles, emotional reaction capability, capacity of showing interest, behavior control, general functions. Scales were applied to 555 students of 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th grades from Izmit (Turkey) central county were included in this study. Results: The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among young participants of this study was found 11.4%. Non-suicidal self-injury was determined in 41 girls and 22 boys of total 63 adolescences. These rates are lower than other studies reviewed in the literature. The age at onset of non-suicidal self-injury was 12.4±1.87 years. A significant difference was found between groups with and without non-suicidal self-injury in family characteristics like alcohol use of father, important event experienced by the family in the last year and chronic disease in family. Also, a significant association was found between non-suicidal self-injury and high score levels of family evaluation scale’s all subscales. Conclusion: In studies reviewed in literature it was observed that most studies include high school students and very few community studies include the period of early and mid-adolescence. Considering the age of onset of behavior, findings show that determination of preventive measures or regenerative methods in terms of family functioning is important in preventing occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents or prevention of progression of this behavior.

Evidence of the Impact of Children's Domestic and Market Labor on Learning from School Census Data in Brazil

In this study we analyze the impact of domestic and market child labor on learning using Prova Brazil census data from 2007 and 2011. To do that, we created a large panel dataset with students in 5th and 9th Grades. To measure the impact of children working in the labor market and/or in their households on Portuguese and Mathematics test scores, we estimated fixed effect models. An instrumental variable approach, proposed by Lewbel, was applied to the models to control for the endogeneity of child labor. Possible attrition bias was taken into account through inverse probability weights. Results show that the work performed by children either in the household, or in the labor market was detrimental to their academic performance, with working only in the labor market showing the largest impact for both girls and boys, followed by working both in the market and inside the house, and by working in the house alone. The largest impact was for 5th Grade girls who suffered a reduction of 19% in their Portuguese test scores when they worked only in the labor market. The largest impact for boys was a reduction of 14% in their 5th Grade Portuguese test scores when they worked only in the labor market.

Proposing a Primary School Principalship Model through Positive and Negative Metaphoric Perspective

Primary school ages are very important for the students. It is the time for most students start their formal education period. The aim of the current research is to explore the perceptions of the teachers, 4th year initial teacher training students from education faculties, parents, vice principals and primary school principals as the key stakeholders (TSPVPPSPs) in two groups, to identify positive and negative metaphors of primary school principals and propose a primary school principalship model. Qualitative research paradigm under interpretive methodology was used in the current study. Group 1 consisted of 60 focus group members (FGMs) and Group 2 involved 60 in-dept-interviewers (IDInts). Data were collected through metaphoric perspective. The key stakeholders were asked to write in full sentences on if they would define the school principal, what positive and negative metaphor/s they would use and they were also asked to give their justifications. Interpretive approach for data collection was used and data were analyzed using content analysis method. Identified positive metaphors describe primary school principals as talented supervisors, as leaders, as the one who carries the Olympic-flame, as a negotiator and as a sensitive teddy whereas identified negative metaphors describe primary school principals as pollution, as mis-user of the rights and as a mechanical machine.

ДОСВІД ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ ДО УЧАСТІ У ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКІЙ СТУДЕНТСЬКІЙ ОЛІМПІАДІ З КЛІНІЧНОЇ ІМУНОЛОГІЇ ТА АЛЕРГОЛОГІЇ (підсумки викладачів та погляд студентів)

У роботі представлено узагальнення досвіду з проведення І етапу студентської олімпіади з клінічної імунології та алергології в рамках підготовки студентів до участі в ІІ етапі Всеукраїнської студентської олімпіади. Метою проведеної роботи було показати можливі шляхи підвищення навчальної мотивації студентів та якості навчання на клінічному циклі. На кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 2 та профпатології ДЗ “Дніпропетровська медична академія МОЗ України” протягом 3-х років проводиться І етап Всеукраїнської студентської олімпіади, в якій беруть участь студенти 5, 6 курсів. Описано етапи, які входять до програми внутрішньовузівської олімпіади. У висновках надаються рекомендації: проведення фахової олімпіади надає змогу підвести підсумки роботи з викладання дисципліни “Клінічна імунологія та алергологія”; змагання сприяють виконанню мети і головного завдання вузу і кожного викладача – підвищення якості підготовки кваліфікованих спеціалістів; проведення І етапу та підготовку до ІІ етапу Всеукраїнської студентської олімпіади бажано здійснювати із залученням провідних фахівців - практичних лікарів, що надає змогу студентам отримати не тільки глибокі теоретичні знання, але й практичний досвід, що загалом сприяє самоствердженню студентів та підвищенню науково-практичного потенціалу студентського корпусу.

Primeiro contato do discente com a clínica: relato de experiência

A tarefa de formar profissionais tem parcelas de responsabilidade dos docentes, da instituição e do aluno, uma vez que o aprendizado propicia a capacidade de aprender, de se relacionar, trabalhar em equipe, comunicar-se e desenvolver as atividades de forma ética. Diante disso o presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer e compreender as expectativas do discente do curso de Odontologia em seu primeiro contato com a clínica escola. Trata-se de um relato de caso, de caráter descritivo, exploratório, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista baseada em um roteiro e como participante, um estudante do 4° semestre de Odontologia. A partir do relato do discente, foi possível agrupar o relato em três momentos, desde os anseios e expectativas, as dificuldades e facilidades na prática clínica e o conhecimento teórico e prático aplicado à prática clínica. Dessa forma observou-se que o discente de Odontologia em seu primeiro contato com a clínica escola apresenta uma mistura de expectativas em realizar atendimentos, com ansiedade e insegurança pela falta de experiência prática com o paciente, ao mesmo tempo em que se depara com pouco conhecimento teórico, uma vez que ainda se encontra na sua primeira prática clínica.

Students’ Perceptions of Teacher Support, Numeracy, and Assessment for Learning: Relations with Motivational Responses and Mastery Experiences

<p class="apa">We explored a theoretical model of relations between students’ perceptions of emotional support, numeracy, and assessment for learning and their perceptions of relevance of schoolwork, motivation, persistence, and mastery experiences. We also investigated possible differences between students in lower- and upper secondary school. Participants were 44 702 students in 8th to 13th grade in Norway. The data was analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results revealed moderate to strong correlations between the three aspects of the learning environment. In general, they related positively to the outcome variables. However, the relations were almost entirely mediated through relevance and motivation. The present study adds to our understanding of how to work with the learning environment.</p>

Esthetic impact of gingival plastic surgery from the dentistry students’ perspective

Objective:The aim of the this study was to evaluate the perception of smile esthetics and alterations in cases of gingival plastic surgery for correction of a gummy smile, by means of alterations in smile photograph among dentistry degree students.Materials and Methods:A frontal smile photograph of a 40-year-old woman having normal occlusion was used with diverse compositions of gingival exposure level and crown length of maxillary teeth. The eight photographs were evaluated by 216 dentistry students in five class groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th classes).Results:The results revealed that almost all of the class’ students perceived differences between images, additionally, the highest percentage of students that answered “no difference” was 12% at 1st class’ students. 1st and 2nd class’ students most liked photograph which is 2.5 mm gingival display and 3rd class students liked two different photographs which are 2.5 mm gingival display and 2 mm gingival display whereas 4th class students preferred two different photographs which are 1.5 mm gingival display and 1 mm gingival display, 5th class students preferred photograph which is 1.5 mm gingival display as the most.Conclusion:Esthetic perception of smile improve as a student passes to higher study classes in terms of gingival exposure. The harmonious display of gingiva exhibits an important effect in the smile esthetics rather than reduced or excessive display.

Prevalence and Determinants of Alcohol Use Among Secondary School Students in Nairobi County

Alcoholuse is one of the major challenges facing the world today and is becoming an increasing problem in Kenya. A number of studies carried out in the country show that almost every Kenyan youth at one time or another, experiments with drugs, especially alcohol. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence and determinants of alcohol use among secondary school students inNairobi County, Kenya. The findings of the study are going tohelp explain why school going children consume alcohol. The objectives of the study were to examine the causes of alcohol use by secondary school students, to determine the prevalence of alcohol use, to identify the strategies used in secondary schools to address alcohol use. Theories such as social learningtheory by Banduraand optimistic bias theory guided the study. The study employed cross sectional design study and the target population was 21555 students enrolled in 60 public secondary school but only students from day mixed secondaryschools participated in the study. The accessible population was form four students from the schools that were selected. Purposive and simple random sampling wasused to select day district mixed secondary schools from the 8 constituencies of NairobiCounty. Therefore eight day district secondary schools were picked. Systematic sampling was applied to obtain the required number of students, where every 4th student from the school register was selected. Four counselingteachers fromthe sampled school were purposivelyselected to participate in the study. The total number of respondents was 216 students and 4 counseling teachers. A questionnaire for students and akey informant guide for counseling teacherswere used to collect data. The data obtained was coded and analyzed using SPSS program and presented in tables and charts. The key findings showed that alcohol use is still high with a prevalence rate of 32.4% and also found that peer pressure, family environment and age contributed to students’ alcohol use. It was also found that Moon walker, Blue moon and Meakins were the most used types of alcohol, and that boys consume alcohol more than girls. The study recommends that parents, family members should not use alcohol in front of their children as they are seen as role models by their children and that counseling services be strengthened in schools.

Realization of Sociocultural Approach in Teaching of Russian Language in Primary School

The importance of the problem under study is due to the realization of socio-cultural approach in teaching of Russian language in primary school allows to solve problems of multicultural education necessary in modern society successfully. However, in Russian linguodidactics the theme is not well-developed; concrete means, forms and methods of the socio-cultural aspect’s realization in teaching of primary school students are not determined. In this regard this article aims to determine effective methodic means and conditions of socio-cultural aspect realization in teaching of primary school children during the lessons of Russian language. The main method of the research was pedagogic experiment in which participated more than 300 4th form students of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results demonstrated in the article prove the efficiency of the presented means while working with cultural concepts on lessons of Russian in lower grades; structures of Russian lessons based on similar concepts of different languages; recommendations for project activities organization among junior students which promote getting socio-cultural knowledge. The article is addressed to primary school teachers, students and everyone dealing with questions of language teaching and education.

Adjustment Problems of New School Entrants’ Girls

The present study has been conducted with the aim to Adjustment problems of new school entrant’s girls. Adjustment is the process of finding and adopting modes of behavior suitable to the environment or the changes in the environment of new school entrant’s girls. Total samples of 382 new admitted students in 5th, 9th and 11th class’s students. Educational, personal and social values were measured through self developed questionnaire tools. The data were analysis by Mean, SD and F-ratio. The analysis revealed that the adjustment problem of new school entrant; Educational and Personal adjustment of girl’s different classes differ significantly where as no significant difference in social adjustment of girls from different classes.

EVALUACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS DOCENTES DEL PROFESORADO PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE NECESIDADES FORMATIVAS

INTRODUCTION. This research aims at evaluating the instrumental and interpersonal competences of Madrid’s generalist primary school teachers in order to identify their training needs. METHOD. The methodology used in this study is quantitative, non experimental and with an ex-post-facto design. The instrument used -a questionnaire developed ad-hocanalyzes the perception of students in 5th and 6th grades (N = 253) on Instrumental and Interpersonal Competences of teachers (N = 14). RESULTS. The results of descriptive and differential studies show strengths of teachers in the domain of the matter, in the clarity of their explanations, fairness in corrections and concern for conveying encouragement and spirit of excellence to their students. The teacher has weaknesses mainly in methodological and didactic aspects such as: group and project work and the use of technological resources. Cluster analysis allows for the identification of three different teacher profiles in the sample study. DISCUSSION. The results show the strengths and weaknesses in different aspects of teacher competence allowing to set up lines of action to improve teacher training in Primary.

초등 국어, 수학, 영어 학업 성취에 영향을 미치는 정의적·메타 인지적 변인 탐색1)

This study has attempted to investigate influence of affective, meta-cognitive and educational contextual factors on elementary school students’ achievement in mathematics, Korean language and English. Affective and meta-cognitive factors investigated in the present study are self efficacy, motivation, learning strategy and learning attitude and educational contextual factors are private learning, self-directed learning, parental support, after-school programs, perception on difficulty and quantity of the curriculum Total of 1,792 4th and 6th elementary school students participated in the study. The students participated in the survey and the achievement test. The results are as following. In structural equation model, it was found that the self efficacy affected positively to learning motivation, attitude for learning, and learning strategy. Self efficacy influenced positively to the achievement mediated by learning motivation, attitude for learning and learning strategy. Self efficacy also directly affected achievement positively.

Students' representations of the atomic structure – the effect of some individual differences in particular task contexts

The current study aims to investigate students' representations of the atomic structure in a number of student cohorts with specific characteristics concerning age, grade, class curriculum and some individual differences, such as formal reasoning and field dependence/independence. Two specific task contexts, which were designed in accordance with corresponding teaching contexts for the atomic structure, one based on Bohr's model and the other on the quantum mechanical model, were examined as for their potential to differentiate initial students' representations of the atomic structure (when no specific context was provided). Participants (n= 421) were students of 8th, 10th and 12th grades of secondary schools from Northern Greece. Results showed that, although developmental factors, like formal reasoning, were associated with a better representation of the atomic structure, the task context appeared to have the dominant role, since positive associations were found between student cohort characteristics and representation of the atomic structure in context dependent tasks, even after accounting for the effects of individual differences.

A comparative study on awareness about non-communicable diseases and their risk factors among government and private high school students of Davangere city

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is emerging as a major public health challenge for developing countries. According to WHO report, NCDs, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer (Ca), and diabetes mellitus (DM) account for 53% of all deaths in India. As highlighted in the WHO report 2002, just a few NCD risk factors account for the majority of NCD burden Objectives: (1) To assess the awareness regarding the NCDs and their risk factors among high school students. (2) To compare the awareness about NCDs and their risk factors among students of government and private high school. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study from July 1 to August 31, 2010 (2 months). Total 524 students of 8th, 9th, and 10th standard (226 students from government high school and 298 students from private high school) Pre-structured and pre- tested Questionnaire was used to collect data regarding awareness about common NCDs (DM, CVD, and Ca) and their risk factors among high school students. Results: Total students interviewed were 524. From government school there were 226 (43.1%) students and from private school 298 (56.9%) Out of 406 school children who were aware about DM, 290 were from private school and 116 were from government school. Out of 478 school children who were aware about CVD, 294 were from private school and 184 from government school. Out of 438 school children who were aware about Ca, 282 were from private school and 156 were from government school. Awareness about DM, CVD, and Ca was low among government school children than private school children, which was statically significant. Awareness about risk factors of NCDs was poor in government school children than private school children. Conclusion: Awareness about NCDs and their risk factors was very low in high school students. As compared to private high school students, government students were having poor knowledge about NCDs and their risk factors.

MỘT SỐ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC HOÁ HỌC PHẦN HỮU CƠ LỚP 11 BẰNG TIẾNG ANH GÂY HỨNG THÚ CHO HỌC SINH Ở TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG

MỘT SỐ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC HOÁ HỌC PHẦN HỮU CƠ LỚP 11 BẰNG TIẾNG ANH GÂY HỨNG THÚ CHO HỌC SINH Ở TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG

Novel psychoactive substance use by US adolescents: Characteristics associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones.

The current study documents the characteristics associated with the use of two novel psychoactive substances: synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Nationally representative samples of students in 8th (n = 9665), 10th (n = 10 655) and 12th (n = 10 057) grades across the US were included in the Monitoring the Future study from 2012 to 2014. There were relatively few differences in prevalence based on sociodemographic characteristics, although boys were at greater risk for use of synthetic cannabinoids in 12th grade (used by 10.3% of boys and 6.4% of girls) and for use of synthetic cathinones in 10th grade (used by 1.0% of boys and 0.4% of girls). Synthetic drug use was also associated with truancy and use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Prevention and intervention efforts for novel psychoactive substance use should focus primarily on polysubstance users and youth who are disengaged from school.[Patrick M, O'Malley P, Kloska D, Schulenberg J, Johnston L, Miech R, Bachman J. Novel psychoactive substance use by US adolescents: Characteristics associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:586-590].

“A dor e a delícia” do internato de atenção primária em saúde: desafios e tensões

Introdução: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Medicina sinalizaram a necessidade de formar um médico capaz de atuar conforme as necessidades de saúde da população visando o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde. A implantação de um estágio, na área de Atenção Primaria à saúde, na Faculdade de Medicina ABC, resultou em uma reforma mais ampliada do internato médico. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção dos estudantes quanto a inserção do ciclo de Atenção Primária à Saúde (CAPS) no internato médico. Métodos: Estudo transversal que utilizou um questionário fechado, aplicados aos estudantes do 5º e 6º anos, totalizando 157 participantes, em 2011 abordando os aspectos teóricos e práticos do CAPS. Resultados: Chamou a atenção na comparação entre o 5º e 6º anos do Ciclo de Atenção Primaria à Saúde: o CAPS no 5º ano teve o maior número de quesitos respondidos com regular e fraco, enquanto que o 6º ano teve um grande número respondido com ótimo e bom. Observaram‑se diferenças marcantes quanto à percepção dos estudantes entre os aspectos abordados do CAPS entre os estudantes do 5º e 6º, com destaque para maior grau de satisfação com o 6º ano (UBS tradicional) do que com o 5º ano Estratégia de saúde da família (ESF). Conclusão: Há indícios de que os respondentes validaram a implementação do CAPS, mas ainda restam desafios e tensões quanto à estruturação e integração ensino e serviço.

A study on knowledge and awareness about tuberculosis in senior school children in Bangalore, India

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), commonly affecting the lungs. All health care professionals including the pharmacists provide a valuable public health role in promoting community awareness of TB particularly in reducing stigma attached to TB. Thus, creating awareness at a community level could play a vital role in control and prevention of TB. ObjectivesTo determine whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness among students of selected schools and pre-university colleges (PUCs) in Bangalore urban and Bangalore rural regions. MethodologyThe present study was conducted among the students of 8th, 9th, 10th and PUC in Bangalore rural and urban jurisdiction (n=2635). A questionnaire was designed in English and Kannada language, consisting of 20 questions with multiple-choice answers. A 30-minute visual health education was given on TB in English, followed by general pictorial presentation, and the data were collected as pre-test and post-test. ResultsData collected from 2635 participants during pre- and post-education session revealed that mean score improved from 8.77±2.59 to 14.95±1.99. Impact of the education session showed a significant knowledge improvement about TB from 1.59% (pre-education) to 49.67% (post-education). ConclusionThe present study clearly demonstrated that a simple, 30-minute health education session did have a positive impact on knowledge and awareness about TB among school children as observed with increase in mean knowledge score from pre-test to post-test, indicating that empowerment of students could guide the community on various aspects of TB.

PENERAPAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING ANG LEARNING MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA KELAS V SD 1 PEGANJARAN KUDUS

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis hasil belajar siswa dengan penerapan model Contextual Teaching And Learning dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sifat-sifat cahaya mata pelajaran IPA kelas V SD 1 Peganjaran Kudus. Hasil penelitian siklus I keterampilan guru mencapai persentase ketuntasan 76.87% baik dan mengalami peningkatan siklus II menjadi 84.37% dengan kriteria baik. Hasil belajar IPA siswa ranah kognitif pada siklus I 52.63% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 84.21%. Hasil belajar IPA ranah afektif siswa siklus I mencapai persentase 56.67% dengan kriteria cukup dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 87.23% dengan kriteria baik dan ranah psikomotorik siswa siklus I mencapai persentase 56.57% dengan kriteria cukup dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 83.41% dengan kriteria baik. Simpulan pada penelitian ini yakni dengan menggunakan model CTL melalui lingkungan sekitar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD 1 Peganjaran Kudus. Peneliti menyarankan agar penggunaan model CTL dapat diterapkan oleh setiap pengajar dan dikembangkan melalui pemanfaatan lingkungan sekitar sehingga siswa bisa mudah dalam menyerap pelajaran.