4th Students Research Articles

Social and psychological attitudes of students at the different stages of studying

The article presents the results of a study of the structure of social and psychological attitudes of students studying in the technical higher educational institution. By means of correlation analysis the interrelations have been established between social and psychological attitudes within the every stage of studying. It has been found that the structure of social and psychological attitudes occurs as a holistic pattern among both 2nd course students and 4th course students. Due to that energy redistribution occurs from the strongly pronounced units to the suppressed ones. Moreover, it has been found that there is no contradistinction of altruism and egoism among 2nd course students being indicative of a certain personal infantilism of the focus group respondents. In contrast, the given dichotomy has been already generated by 4th course students.

Knowledge About Sexual and Reproductive Health in Adolescent School-Going Children of 8th, 9th, and 10th Standards

Context: Adolescence is a transitional period that marks the beginning of adulthood and is a stage in life in which an individual attains sexual maturity. Adolescent’s decisions and behavior related to sexual matters can have long-lasting implications, and if wrongly informed, they can suffer adverse consequences. Aim: The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge about reproductive and sexual health, the knowledge and attitude about sex-related illnesses, and the level of knowledge about common changes of secondary sexual characters among adolescents. Methodology: 300 adolescent students of 8th, 9th, and 10th standards were selected after taking permission from the school principal and consent from the parents/guardians of the students. Samples were collected from 2 Central Board of Secondary Education schools. 50 students of each standard were randomly selected from the school and were assessed using semistructured pro forma containing questions about sociodemographic profile and knowledge and attitude toward sexual issues. Data thus collected was tabulated and statistically analyzed under the guidance of a statistician. Results and Conclusion: Girls were found to have less knowledge compared to boys. Higher the standard the student was in, more the level of knowledge; 10th standard students had more knowledge compared to 9th and 8th standard students. Parents need to have adequate communication with their adolescents regarding sex-related topics as parents were found to be among the least common source of information, while teachers were the most common source of information regarding the topic.

The research of the effect of different question forms and their combination variability on the results of testing

The purpose of the research was to identify and study the features of the effect of four questions forms and their combination in polymorphic test on the output indicators of secondary school students’ testing. In the study, conducted in the subject field of studying native (Ukrainian) language, took part students of 8th and 9th-grades (N=164). The tools (criterion-oriented author’s tests, questionnaire) and methods of results’ analysis (factor analysis, dispersion analysis, etc.) used in the research process, made it possible to prove the existence of the effect of factor “question form” on the test scores (impact power is up to 35%), and also to determine combination of question forms that is characterized by the highest diagnostic accuracy. Results of a study indicate that it is advisable to construct a polymorphic linguistic test. The combination of the multiple-choice questions with one correct answer with using the text and constructed-response questions can ensure the clarity of output indicators of testing (with the least effect of question forms on them), in case evenly balance of these questions in the test. The disadvantages of the study are pointed out and prospects for their continuation and deepening, connected with further study of the optimal empirically valid test structure, are substantiated.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Volume Bangun Ruang Melalui Model Rme Berbasis Teori Bruner Pada Siswa Kelas VI SDN Sidokare 3 Sidoarjo

Based on the initial test of mathematics on the building volume material in 6th students of Sidokare 3 Elementary School shows that students learning outcomes are still under the minimum of KKM score. The problem is caused by the mistakes in calculating and also they don’t understand about the formula, some students make mistakes because they less understand the basic of multiplication and division. Another factor is that the teachers used conventional method and also don’t to related the problem to the real condition, the teachers don’t used the instructional media. An alternative solution by the RME model based on Bruner’s theory. This study used a CAR design. The research subject were 32 students. The data collection techniques used test, observation, field notes and documentation. The data analyzed by qualitative and quantitative techniques. The result of this study showed that student learning outcomes in pre-cycle were 41%, cycle I was 75% and cycle II was 94%. The conclusion is the application of the RME model based on the Bruner Theory has been proven to be affective in improving student learning outcomes in 6th students of Sidokare 3 Elementary School.

Connecting Science with Story Tale: How Sainsmatika Story Tale Book Decrease Science Anxiety of 4th Graders Student

This study investigating the effectiveness of using Sainsmatika story tale book towards student science anxiety. The study were an experimental research with pretest-posttest control-group design, involving 122 fourth-grade students in one of the district in Indonesia. Characteristically, this research employs quantitative data which were collected from the questionnaire results regarding science anxiety. The data were analyzed using statistical methods to calculate the values and determine the frequency as well as the mean of pretest and posttest scores in control and experimental classes. To determine the effectiveness of using fairytale books to reduce students’ science anxiety, the one-way analysis of ANOVA was used with a significant difference at the level of Sig < 0.05. The results of this study reveal that the use of sainsmatika-based fairytale books is effective to reduce science anxiety of the fourth-grade students with significancy 0.00 (<0.05).

Development of Collaborative Learning Devices on Two-Dimentional Figure Topic of Mathematics for 4th Students

This study aimed to develop collaborative learning device for mathematic course specified on two-dimentional figure on 4th grade students. The design of this study was Research and Development by using Prototype model in which the steps were 1) listening and obtaining the need for the device 2) organizing and making prototype 3) testing. The subject of this study was a collaborative learning device. Instrument used to measure the validity of the learning device was rating scale in the form of assessment tools from the expert. The data were obtained by using methods, namely questionnaire by using quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Testing resulted the numeric data and the average score was converted in PAP table 5 scale. The result showed that 1) collaborative learning device in mathematic course specified on two-dimentional figure involved 1 syllabus, 6 lesson plans, 6 student worksheet, 2) this product was validated by expert of mathematic, expert in education and 2 teachers from different school with the average score 4.42 for syllabus, 4.51 for lesson plan and 4.62 for student worksheet and the category was “very good”.

KEGIATAN LITERASI 15 MENIT TERHADAP MINAT BACA KELAS IV SD NEGERI SALATIGA 05

THE 15 MINUTE LITERATION ACTIVITIES AGAINST READING INTEREST OF 4TH GRADERS SD NEGERI SALATIGA 05This research aims to find out the reading interest of 4th graders SD Negeri Salatiga 05 after 15 minutes of literacy activity. This research is used qualitativ descriptive approach. The subject of this research is 4th graders students of SD Negeri Salatiga 05. Data collection was done using observation and questionnaire methods. The result of this research found several students who experienced an increase in reading interest after literacy activities were conducted, but there are still students who have low reading interest. The low interest in reading students is due to lack of attention and motivation towards books and the lack of the role of the teacher. The role of the teacher is very important, this teacher must understand the characteristics of each student's characteristics. Reading interest is felt to be very important because reading is an important part of growing character and competitive capital in the 21st century. This 15-minute literacy activity is one of the government's efforts to increase students' interest in reading in Indonesia to create a culture of literacy in formal education.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Permainan Ludo Kimia Berbasis Chemo-Edutainment (CET) pada Materi Struktur Atom terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMA N 3 Padang

This study aimed to reveal the effectivity of the use an instructional media of ludo game based on Chemo Edutainment for Atomic Structure toward 10th students achievement. The type of this research was Quasi-Experimental Research with Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The samples was chosen by purposive-sampling which result the experimental class and the control class. Then it can be concluded that the use of ludo game based on Chemo-Edutainment for Atomic Structure effective to increase 10th students achievement from SMA N 3 Padang

Learning Motivation: Based on Gender and Academic Abilities

Student learning outcomes are influenced by several factors. One of them is learning motivation. This research is a descriptive and correlation study that aims to describe and analyze students' learning motivation based on gender and academic ability. The sample of this study was grade 10th students of senior high school in Kupang City, namely: SMAN 5, SMAN 4, and SMAN 1. The determination of school samples and class samples is done by random sampling. The research instrument used the MSLQ motivation questionnaire that was developed and validated by Duncan and McKeachie (2005), while the data of learning outcomes obtained from summative test scores . The results obtained that the average motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) of students: 1) women are higher than male students, and 2) academic ability is higher than students with lower academic ability, and 3) Extrinsic motivation has a very significant correlation with intrinsic motivation and results learning, for gender and academic ability.The results of this study indicate that an appropriate learning strategy is needed in order to minimize gender differences and academic ability to foster student learning motivation which ultimately impacts on learning outcomes. 
 
 Keywords: Learning motivation; academic ability; gender; students.

The Degree of Existence of Iraqi National Identity in the English Textbooks of Secondary Schools

The study aims to reveal the degree of existence of Iraqi national identity in English textbooks, such as traditional costumes, places, values, celebrities, events, characters, names, and ancient figures. The researchers used themes, paragraphs, and illustrations as units to analyze the data of the study. The sample of the study is the English for Iraq 4th, 5th, and 6th preparatory student's book. The research tries to answer the following questions " To what degree do themes, paragraphs, and illustrations in English for Iraq 4th, 5th, and 6th preparatory student's book include Iraqi national identity? To answer the question, a percentage ratio was obtained. Results revealed that the Iraqi national identity is existed with very low percentage in the themes, paragraphs, and illustrations in the 4th, 5th, and 6th preparatory student's book.

Sex differences in nonmedical prescription tranquilizer and stimulant use trends among secondary school students in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay

BackgroundLittle is known about recent nonmedical prescription tranquilizer and stimulant use trends in Latin America. We tested whether recent trends among students in three South American countries differed by sex over time. MethodsThree countries independently collected National School Students Survey on Drugs. Students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades were sampled in Argentina (2007–2014, N = 328,202), Chile (2007–2015, N = 136,379), and Uruguay (2007–2016, N = 32,371). Weighted linear regression models predicted the prevalences and trends over time of past-year nonmedical tranquilizer and stimulant use by country, and tested whether trends differed by sex, adjusting for school type and grade. ResultsIn Argentina from 2007 to 2014, past-year nonmedical prescription tranquilizer (girls: 2.8 to 2.6%, boys: 2.5 to 2.3%) and stimulant (girls: 1.7 to 1.3%, boys: 1.9 to 1.5%) use trends did not differ by sex. In Chile from 2007 to 2015, nonmedical prescription tranquilizer use trends significantly differed comparing girls (3.9 to 10%) with boys (3.2 to 6.9%); stimulant use trends did not differ comparing girls (1.6 to 2.0%) with boys (2.0 to 1.3%). In Uruguay from 2007 to 2014 and 2014–2016, past-year nonmedical prescription tranquilizer (girls: 5.1 to 6.6%; boys: 2.8 to 4.2%) and stimulant (girls: 1.8 to 0.7%; boys: 1.8 to 0.7%) use trends did not differ by sex. ConclusionsTrends of nonmedical prescription tranquilizer use recently increased in Chile and Uruguay, widening by sex over time in Chile only. The drivers of increasing tranquilizer use among girls in Chile and Uruguay merit further investigation.

Knowledge of Parkinson's disease among medical students of Kyrgyz State Medical Academy

Aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge on Parkinson's disease (PD) among students of Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA). An anonymous survey was conducted by using (Knowledge of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire) KPDQ1 (Tan AH), which was previously translated into local languages for another study1. 180 students took part in the survey. Students had different levels of knowledge in neurology: 17.22% did not study neurology yet (1st group), 31.67% had an introduction course to neurology (2nd group), 51.11% - 4th, 5th, and 6th-year students had finished full course of neurology (3rd and 4th groups). Overall the most recognized motor symptom (MS) was tremor (91.7%). Only 8.9% of respondents recognized constipation as a symptom of PD. Full data on MS and NMS was written in Fig. 1. Table 1 and Fig. 2 indicate data on true/false statements, depending on the students' year of studying. Overall revealed tendency shows an increase of knowledge on PD by 3rd-4th years when students take neurology course, yet that knowledge decrease further on. Despite some understanding of PD among medical students, the level of knowledge remains significantly low and has a tendency to decrease towards graduation. The study shows that the system of educations needs to be adjusted and improved to improve knowledge of PD.

Analisis Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Pada Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar di Kota Ruteng

This study mainly aims to describe and analyze the environmental cares of the 6th class elementary school students in Ruteng. Three attitude components were assessed: cognition, affection, and conation components. A descriptive qualitative research were designed through survey method which involved the 6th grade students as the population from elementary schools in Ruteng. Simple random sampling was employed to determine four elementary schools as samples; those schools were SDK Ruteng 1, SDK Ruteng 3, SDI Wae Ri'i, and SDI Karot. The data were collected through a questionnaire while the data analysis technique was based on Miles and Huberman models which covers reduction, data display, and conclusion / verification. The data were validated in triangulation test, namely: theory triangulation, data triangulation, and expert triangulation. The results of the study showed that the average score of environmental care attitudes of the 6th students’ in Ruteng was 77.81 in a good category. Meanwhile, the average of attitude score components covering the cognition component was 80.3 in the excellent category, affection component was 80.05 in the excellent category, and the conation component was 73.1 in the good category. Based on four elementary school samples, those results were consistently found and the environmental care score on the conation component was lower than the other two components. This indicates that cognitive and affective factors do not necessarily affect on students' conations. Even though the students have awareness (cognition) and feelings (affection) related to the surrounding environmental problems, these are not visible in their daily behavior (conation).

Development of Audio Visual Media Based Learning Model in 11th Class Ambon City Public High School

This study aims to improve historical learning through the development of audio-visual media-based historical learning models. Through the use of information technology in learning, this research is intended to increase historical awareness, bring students thinking creativity in solving problems, and foster students' interest in learning in accordance with the environmental conditions in which students are located. The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) can the development of audio visual media-based historical learning models improve the quality of history education learning in Ambon State High School? (2) can the development of audio visual media-based historical learning models improve the historical education competency? The method used in this study is the type of research and development or what is called Research and Development following the development research model of Dick & Carey (1). The results of this study are as follows (1) the development of an audio visual media based history learning model can improve the quality of historical learning in Ambon State High School. Improving the quality of learning history related to events: diachronic, has three dimensions of time and sees the causal relationship of an event, sees the movement of changes in an event, analyzes the birth process, develops, reaches the top, moves down, even dies or ends, (2) the development of audio visual media-based historical learning models can improve the mastery of history lesson competencies of class 11th students of Ambon State High School, which is shown by student learning outcomes as measured by competency tests. This means that there is an increase in the mastery of students' competencies after following history learning using the development of audio-visual media-based models. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the development of historical audio visual media-based learning models is very useful for teachers in Ambon State High School to describe various events related to historical learning, and also needed by students to improve mastery of competencies from historical learning.

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Sleep Medicine among Medical Students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUNDS:Sleep disorders and sleep medicine are underrecognized by both the general public and health care workers. Lack of education and training in sleep medicine has resulted in a culture of physicians who have very limited knowledge about sleep disorders and, as a result, are likely to underdiagnose and under-treat patients.AIM:This study aimed to assess the knowledge of and attitude regarding sleep medicine among medical students at Qassim University.METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study of 4th and 5th-year medical students, conducted at Qassim University (Central and Unaizah branches), Saudi Arabia. We used a self-administered data collection tool to collect personal information (age, name, sex, medical school), and assessed general attitude toward sleep medicine and the students’ current knowledge about sleep medicine using the Assessment of Sleep Knowledge in Medical Education (ASKME) survey.RESULTS:The prevalence of medical students who had a special interest in sleep medicine was 23.3%. Poor knowledge about sleep medicine was detected in 94.8% of students, while good knowledge was observed in only 5.2%. The attitude of the students toward sleep medicine was negative among 40.5% and positive among 59.5%. University branches, gender, and preferred speciality were all significantly associated with attitude score, whereas interest in sleep medicine and knowledge of sleep disorders were associated with both knowledge and attitude scores.CONCLUSION:This study found that medical students’ knowledge of sleep medicine was very low, despite the majority of them having a positive attitude toward it.

The Awareness of Patients' Bill of Rights among Medical Interns and Medical Students at Tabuk University.

BACKGROUND:Incorporating patient priorities and preferences into their healthcare can improve desirable proximal outcomes related to communication such as the patient feeling heard, understood, respected and engaged in their care, which can soften the negative effects of the illness and can help clinicians in decision-making.AIM:To determine the level of awareness and knowledge of Patients’ Bill of Rights and factors affecting it among undergraduate students and medical interns.METHODS:This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Tabuk city among all medical interns doing their clinical rotations at Tabuk city (n = 70) as well as the 4th, 5th and 6th-year medical students, Tabuk University (n = 219). An English self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire, based on patients` Bill of Rights (PBR) document published by the Ministry of Health (MOH), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was utilised for data collection.RESULTS:The study included 205 medical students and interns out of invited 289, giving a response rate of 70.9%. All were Saudis. Almost two-thirds (69.3%) reported hearing about patients` bill of rights. Among those who have heard about these rights, 40.2% gained their information from lectures whereas 16.2% gained the information from hospital posters. The total knowledge score about Patients` Bill of Rights ranged between 0 and 32 (out of a possible maximum of 34) with a mean ± SD of 24.6 ± 4.6 and median (IQR) of 25 (23-27). There was a significant positive correlation between student`s age and total score of knowledge of patients` bill of rights, Spearman`s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.18, p = 0.014. The mean rank of the total knowledge score was 83.98 among 4th-grade medical students and reached to 125.07 among medical interns, p = 0.003.CONCLUSION:Overall awareness and Knowledge of the senior medical students and interns in the College of Medicine, Tabuk University regarding patients` rights age acceptable. However, some deficient issue needs to be improved.

Assessment of Teaching Strategy among Undergraduate Medical Students of Clinical Sciences

bjective: To assess the preferred teaching strategies for undergraduate medical students of clinical sciences. Study Design and Setting: -This cross-sectional study was conducted among the 4th and 5thyear students of clinical sciences at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital Isra University. Karachi campus. Methodology: All medical students of 4th and 5th year were enrolled and included for this study from May 2018 to June 2018 and absentees were excluded. A questionnaire was given to students in which they opted for the best teaching aid and strategy. Data was collected and analysed by principle Investigator. Demographic variables included were gender and year of M.B.B.S. Descriptive statistics was carried out via frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 166 Students, 82 from 4th year and 84 from 5th year were reviewed. Among 4th year students; preference in academic teaching aids were white boards and multimedia and were equally preferred and for clinical teaching the most preferred aid was Out Patient Department (OPD)/clinical rotation. Among 5th year medical students’ multimedia was most preferred for academic teaching and for clinical teaching the most preferred teaching aid was clinical based learning, i.e. 32 (38.1%). Conclusion: White board, multimedia, were the most preferred teaching methods for academic teaching and bed side teaching and clinical based learning were highly preferred teaching method for clinical teaching among both cohorts of 4th and 5th year medical students. Therefore, approaches for improvement of the preferred teaching methods and establishing better facilities for students can be improve both knowledge and skills among clinical students

Personalidad y metas de rendimiento en escolares de primaria

Existe una gran mayoría de estudios que relacionan las metas con factores de aprendizaje,incluido el rendimiento. Otro grupo de investigaciones buscan cómo determinados factores personales determinan un tipo de meta. Con relación a los factores personales, autores como Harackiewicz, Barron, Tauer, Carter y Elliot (2000) sostienen que las metas que mantienen los alumnos dependen de variables personales, al considerar éstas como constructos estables y de orden disposicional. Como objetivo, nos hemos planteado estudiar las relaciones entre las metas de rendimiento (metas de ejecución, o metas centradas en el yo) y los diferentes rasgos de personalidad en escolares de primaria. En este trabajo de investigación participan 550 alumnos de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria. La edad media fue de 10.73 años (SD= .632; rango 10-12); 47.5% mujeres y el 52.5% de varones. Se han utilizado el factor “Metas de Rendimiento” del Cuestionario de Metas Académicas, CMA (Hayamizu y Weiner, 1991) y el Cuestionario de personalidad BFQ-NA (Del Barrio, Carrasco y Holgado, 2006). El ANOVA muestra que los sujetos con altas metas de rendimiento, logran puntuaciones mayores (p<0.005) que aquellos con baja en todos los factores a excepción del factor inestabilidad emocional, en el que son los sujetos con bajas metas de rendimiento los que obtienen puntuaciones (p = 0.037) mayores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una clara asociación entre las metas de rendimiento de los niños de primaria y los diferentes factores de la personalidad. De este modo aquellos niños con elevadas metas de rendimiento, su personalidad se caracterizaría por una mayor autonomía, perseverancia, compromiso, creatividad, entusiasmo, autoconfianza, sociabilidad, entusiasmo o prosociabilidad y un menor neuroticismo y ansiedad. Estos resultados coinciden parcialmente con otras investigaciones que encuentran correlaciones entre las metas de rendimiento y la conciencia (Chen y Zhang, 2011; McCabe, Van Yperen, Elliot y Verbraak,2013).

Pengembangan media komik dengan metode picture and picture untuk meningkatkan keterampilan literasi matematika kelas IV

AbstractIn Indonesia, mathematical literacy in International scope is still not satisfying. In order to increase mathematical literacy ability, it can be done by applying some variation of learning methods supported by the utilization of learning media. The goal of this study is to develop and examine the validity, the practicality, and the effectiveness of comic media by picture and picture method to increase mathematical literacy ability of grade 6th students. This R&D study used the ADDIE development model combined with steps in making comics by Sadiman. Those steps were analysis (analyzing the needs, goal and main material), design (synopsis, first step), development (prototype product, evaluation, revision, and last script), implementation (trials), and evaluation (final product). The validity of the product could be seen from expert judgment by using material, media, and learning expert validation instrument. The practicality of the product was done by the students’ response questionnaire instrument to the media. The effectiveness of the product was seen from one class trial by one group pre-test post-test, and the result was processed using Paired-Samples T-Test check with the help of SPSS 20.0. The result of this study was the comics media to increase grade 6th students’ mathematical literacy ability. Comics media proved to be valid from material and media aspects. Comics media proved to be practice from students’ response questionnaire. Comics media also proved to be effective based on the result of the pre-test, post-test and Paired-Samples T-Test check.Keywords: Comics, Mathematical Literacy, Picture and Picture

Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure family social capital.

The development and psychometric validation of instruments to measure social capital remains a priority in the field. The aim of the current study was to develop a Questionnaire on Family Social Capital (FSCQ) for use in an adolescent population and to test its reliability and validity.We followed an exploratory, sequential mixed-methods approach consisting of four steps: (1)item selection based on a conceptual model; (2)expert judgment of the conceptual model; (3)cognitive validation through focus groups; (4)psychometric validation, through principal components analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess construct validity, using Cronbach alpha and ICC to test reliability, and testing rural-urban differences to evaluate discriminant validity. A total of 429 3r and 4th ESO students participated in the study.The resulting 26-item FSCQ demonstrated a second-order model with two dimensions and seven first-order factors. The model showed good internal consistency and reliability, as indicated by the Chi-squared value(χ = 155.834; p = 0.91) and CFI(0.936). Discriminant validity tests showed significantly higher scores for the structural FSC and the total FSC scores for the rural group. We conclude that the instrument is an adequate tool to study family social capital in adolescents.