Entrepreneurial Intentions Of Students Research Articles

Entrepreneurial intentions of students at private universities in transition economies

This paper investigates the entrepreneurial potential among students at private universities in two transition countries through the analysis of students' entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Empirical analysis is based on survey data we collected in 2017 and 2018 from over 400 students of economics and business at private universities in North Macedonia and Croatia. The theory of planned behaviour and a set of other antecedents are employed in order to examine the effect of both personal-level and contextual variables on entrepreneurial intentions. Assessing the students’ image of an entrepreneur and how they evaluate the entrepreneurs’ social and economic roles in society, as well as the prestige of an entrepreneur when compared to other professions, offer valuable inputs for policy makers aiming to improve the entrepreneurial potential and business climate in developing economies. This study provides empirical evidence of the positive effect of two variables from the theory of planned behaviour (personal attitude towards entrepreneurship and subjective norm) on entrepreneurial intent of business students at private universities in transition countries. The most striking result of the study is the positive effect of perceived barriers (as a contextual variable) on entrepreneurial intent, a finding that is contrary to past research and literature review.

Exploring Entrepreneurial Intentions in Marien Ngouabi University Students

The aim of this study was to examine the factors that would likely influence the entrepreneurial intention of the students in Marien Ngouabi university which is one of the public Higher Education in Congo. The entrepreneurial intentions of students were determined using demographic, individual, Contextual and Personality variables. The primary data were collected through a questionnaire survey method. A total of 3000 students have been included from different programs such as economics, sport, commerce, sciences, computer and IT, medical sciences, agriculture, engineering, art and law. Using logistic regression, findings suggest that gender, tutor education, field of study, parents owning a business, having a job while at university, parent’s monthly income, desire for independence, living with parents together, school calendar were the key factors that influence students’ entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study will help in understanding the phenomenon of entrepreneurial intention among university students and help policy makers in promoting and developing future entrepreneurs in university.

Green entrepreneurship intention in university students: The case of Peru

Objective: The aim is to better understand how education supports green entrepreneurship among students by analyzing their education development support, institutional support, country support, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Research Design & Methods: A total of 320 international business students in Peru filled the online survey. Eight questions focused on demographic information, and twenty-six questions evaluated the green entrepreneurship intention of students. We used the SEM-PLS technical analysis. Findings: We found that education development support (EDS;0.146), institutional support (IS;0.183), and country support (CS;0.158) had a positive influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), while ESE had a positive influence (0.757) on the green entrepreneurial intention (GED. The model explained 57.3% of the green entrepreneurial intention. Findings of the bootstrapping test showed that the path coefficients were significant. Implications & Recommendations: This study showed the impact of education development support, institutional support, and country support on entrepreneurs' ability to successfully carry out green entrepreneurship, which will serve universities to implement strategic plans to achieve their ecological ventures and develop such ventures on campus with the students that have the necessary skills. Contribution & Value Added: The research findings will prove helpful to governments in establishing new norms to promote entrepreneurship. The novelty of the current study is supported in using the PLS-SEM technique.

Gender Asymmetry of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in Russia and China

Entrepreneurship is now considered to be an urgent solution for handling large pools of young graduates around the world. These crucial situations where universities are creating an excess number of graduates as compared to jobs availability increase the pressure on graduates as well as policy makers and educators. Entrepreneurship in this case does not only handle the burden of the unemployed among the youth but also positively improves the economic development of the country’s economy. In becoming entrepreneurs, graduates do not only create jobs for themselves but for other as well and play a vital role in the development of the economy. This paper explains gender-based entrepreneurship intentions amongst students of Russia and China (3 universities in China, 3 in Russia). A questionnaire was developed to find the impact of different behavior factors on male and female students of Russia and China. In terms of methodology, the quantitative technique was used to collect the data. The entrepreneurial spirit is explained after analyzing the data from three universities in each country. The six universities numbering 468 student respondents were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. To find out the association amongst different variables, multiple regression and correlation technique were used. The results also show an association of gender with entrepreneurship in students in both countries. However, in case of Russia male respondents showed higher intention than female respondents. To maintain the same role of male and female members in the society, development suggestions for educators and policy makers are presented.

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy development: an effective intervention for sustainable student entrepreneurial intentions

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy development: an effective intervention for sustainable student entrepreneurial intentions

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy development: an effective intervention for sustainable student entrepreneurial intentions

Eco-systemic disconnect in youth entrepreneurs' support systems is a challenge in most developing countries and adversely affects the success of entrepreneurship education. The study investigated the extent to which the application of systemic action learning and action research (SALAR) affects students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and determined relationships between ESE development, entrepreneurial intention and action. A quantitative design was used with a structured, self-administered, 7-point Likert scale survey through a test-retest method, over nine months amongst university students at a selected university in South-Africa. A purposive (non-probability) sampling technique was adopted for the administration of 230 questionnaires. Inferential statistics were used to examine the relationship between the constructs. Findings indicated a significant relationship between the application of SALAR and students' ESE development, intention and action. The findings propose a flexible social technology model (SHAPE) and methodology (SALAR) that other higher education institutions can adapt to facilitate youth entrepreneurship education development.

The Impact of Understanding Economic Literacy and Lifestyle on Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in Higher Education

The importance of understanding economic literacy, controlling lifestyle, and enhancing student entrepreneurial intentions should not be overlooked. This study aimed to determine the impact of understanding economic literacy and lifestyle on student entrepreneurial intentions. This research is included in a quantitative descriptive study using multiple regression analysis techniques. This study's population were all students of economic education at Lambung Mangkurat University, as many as 267 students. The sample size taken was 157 people by random sampling. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. This study's results indicate that students' economic literacy has a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions, lifestyle has a positive and significant impact on students' entrepreneurial intentions, and simultaneously economic literacy and lifestyle have a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions. The coefficient of determination of economic literacy and lifestyle on entrepreneurial intentions is 38%. From these results, it can be concluded that economic literacy and lifestyle positively and positively impact entrepreneurial intentions.

Role Models on Student's Entrepreneurial Intentions: a Case Study

The study aimed at determining the effects of role models on students' Entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship has been identified as a key driver of economic growth as it can help in reducing unemployment; however, the problem of unemployment among graduates persists as most of them end up seeking paid employments rather than taking advantage of the available business opportunities. This could be attributed to the job-seeking mentality of most graduates and the fact that they never had any intention of going into businesses on their own. The presence of role models in the form of attitudes towards entrepreneurship perceived behavioural control and social norms were proposed as they have been found to have a positive effect on student's entrepreneurial intentions. To achieve this, the survey research design was adopted, Taro Yamen's formula was used to derive a sample size of 263 respondents from the total population of 753 students studying Business Administration, Accounting and Marketing from Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro and Ogwash-you. Cronbach's alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument, while correlation and regression analysis were employed for the test of hypotheses.

Entrepreneurial intentions of real estate students: an ordinal analysis of the predictors

PurposeThis study aims to examine the predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of real estate students in an emerging economy where there are significant odds against paid employment owing to the dwindling economic drivers.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data was obtained using closed-ended questionnaire served on final-year real estate students in three tertiary institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. Out of a total of 231 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 160 (69.3%) were retrieved and found suitable for analysis. Using ordinal least square regression, the study examined the influence of the independent variables on the respondents’ entrepreneurial intention across two models. While the first model was without the moderators of prior entrepreneurial exposure (that is, parental occupation, relationship with a real estate entrepreneur, previous/current engagement in business and attendance at business/entrepreneurial seminars/workshops), the second included all the control variables. Other descriptive and inferential statistical methods were adopted.FindingsThe findings revealed that personal satisfaction/prestige, support system, university education, age, cumulative grade points and mothers’ education were statistically significant predictors, atp< 0.05, across the two models examined. Fathers’ education and occupation were only significant in the second model, that is, when controlled for prior entrepreneurial exposure. Also, the influence of faculties and barriers of registration/information were significant at 10% level only in the second model. Finally, the study found no statistically significant differencing across gender, family status, mothers’ occupation and relationship with a real estate entrepreneur.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurship is a significant factor influencing economic growth and increased market competitiveness, an examination of students entrepreneurial intentions appear important, especially in regions where there are low economic opportunities.Originality/valueThis study is among the first attempts at understanding the predictors of real estate students’ entrepreneurial intentions from an emerging market perspective.

Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention among Disability Students in Higher Education

Entrepreneurship education helps to form appropriately entrepreneurial mindsets and behaviors in students. This is not only for normal students but also students with special needs in tertiary institutions. This study aims to identify the entrepreneurial intention of students with special needs (disability) at Jakarta State University (UNJ). This research used the case study research method, where the casesare students with disabilities at UNJ who are registered as active students. Data was collected using unstructured interviews. The research revealed three core indicators of student entrepreneurial intention. These are 1) elements of intention (cognition, emotions and conations), 2) characteristics of an entrepreneur and 3) business ethics. The results of this study state that students with disabilities know about entrepreneurship (cognition) and have a desire to become an entrepreneur (emotion) and have experience in trying entrepreneurship (conations). In addition, the students with disabilities also know what needs to be prepared to become an entrepreneur such as the readiness of the risks to be faced and how to run a good business.
 Keywords: entrepreneurship education, disability student, higher education, entrepreneurial intention

Entrepreneurship education intention and entrepreneurial intention amongst disadvantaged students: an empirical study

PurposeDisadvantaged students face social exclusion and undergo a different treatment than mainstream students. This alters their entrepreneurial intention subsequently. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting disadvantaged students’ intention in their willingness to undergo entrepreneurship education as a vocational course. The variables include self-efficacy, need for achievement (nAch) and family background. The paper further examines whether entrepreneurship education intention enhances their entrepreneurial intention.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a deductive quantitative study as the chosen approach as it ensures complete anonymity and hence researcher bias is minimized. The sample consists of the third year, final year and postgraduate first year disadvantaged students from different streams of engineering, economics, arts and commerce. The study was conducted with a total of 319 students completing the questionnaire which used a five-point Likert scale.FindingsUsing the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the results show that willingness of disadvantaged students to study entrepreneurship as a vocational course is highly driven by their family background followed by self-efficacy and nAch. The results further strengthen the TPB and has implications for educators of entrepreneurship and a possibility of a widening of entrepreneurship education in disadvantaged community.Research limitations/implicationsThe study measured attitudes and willingness with intentions, but not actual behavior as this was a cross-sectional study. Also, repeated observations could not be made and dynamics of change could not be captured.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies focused on entrepreneurial intention of students who are socially excluded and therefore it offers a possibility of widening of entrepreneurship education in countries such as India which display a collectivist culture and provides an intention-based linkage to entrepreneurship education among disadvantaged students. This study also puts subjective norm as a strong predictor of intentions which previous studies have refuted. The findings also suggest that there is a strong intent to study entrepreneurship among disadvantaged students in India, which makes entrepreneurship education a seemingly acceptable choice of education and suggests promise for its wider reach and penetration.

Entrepreneurial Intention of Final Year Undergraduate Students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Aims: The scientific literature on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among agricultural university students in Sri Lanka is meager. Therefore, the focus of this study was to evaluate the EI and to understand what factors affect on EI of the final year undergraduate students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
 Study Design: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A stratified simple random sample of 100 final year undergraduates that represented 50% of each of the three degree programs of the Faculty of Agriculture, university of Peradeniya were selected for the study. The primary data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire.
 Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka from October 2018 to February 2019.
 Methodology: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to measure the EI. Thus, it examined the influence of personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors on EI. Short-term risk taking, perceived structural support and social capital on business start-up were examined as additional variables to the theory.
 Results: The results revealed that each of the TPB variables significantly (P = 0.05) affect on EI, with an overall R2 = 0.606. Attitudes were the strongest predictor of EI, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. However, overall level of EI of the students was neutral. Awareness programmes, financial support, introducing and updating the entrepreneurial subjects were some major suggestions of the respondents to improve entrepreneurship among the students.
 Conclusion: Attitudes toward entrepreneurship is the strongest predictor of EI. However, overall EI of the students was neutral. Improving individual attitudes through motivational programmes, providing an approving nature of the staff towards entrepreneurship (subjective norms), mechanisms to develop entrepreneurial capabilities among students and linking entrepreneurship to the present curriculum, would be important to improve the EI of the students leading to a greater entrepreneurship.

Management of Student Entrepreneurship Development at the West Java-Indonesia Private Islamic College

This study aims to explore the relations between the factors of the start-up environment and entrepreneurial intentions of students in universities in Vietnam and the Philippines by com­bining key elements of theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behaviour, theory of en­trepreneurial events and model of entrepreneurial potential. Research findings were expected to test the appropriateness of this proposed model in the context of Vietnam and the Philippines. A bilateral survey was carried out among 819 students at five universities in Vietnam and the Philippines and the Structural Equation Modelling was applied to estimate the determinants of the students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings indicated that subjective norms, en­trepreneurial education, entrepreneurial desirability, and entrepreneurial motivation were po­sitively related to perceived feasibility. Entrepreneurial education was the key determinant of entrepreneurial intention. Barriers for startups demonstrated a negative effect on the perceived feasibility. The key role of entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention was confirmed in both countries. However, there are existing challenges in entrepreneurial education which required more respective supports from governments to promote the enterprise development.

Entrepreneurship Education and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education

Facing the challenging employment situation and the changing labor market, developing student entrepreneurial intention has attracted significant policy consideration in China. This study describes the background of entrepreneurship education in China’s higher education institutes and explores the influences of entrepreneurship education on student entrepreneurial intention. Using data from a survey on students in China, this study finds that students in different types of institutions and different major fields had a different level of engagement in entrepreneurship education. Further, the higher the level of entrepreneurship education the students received, the stronger their self-efficacy of entrepreneurial decision-making was, and the stronger their entrepreneurial intention was. Student entrepreneurial decision-making self-efficacy played a mediating role between entrepreneurship education and student entrepreneurial intention. We found that entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship education course-taking has a positive effect on entrepreneurial decision-making. Furthermore, the positive effect of self-efficacy of entrepreneurial decision-making on entrepreneurial intention was also confirmed. We also found that self-efficacy of entrepreneurial decision-making played the significant role of mediator between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. The findings also showed a difference between the current China context and the western context that taking entrepreneurship-related classes had more considerable influences on student entrepreneurial intention than entrepreneurship-related practicum. We discuss the implications of the improvement of higher education in China and relevance to other contexts.

Efikasi diri dan motivasi: sebagai mediasi pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha

This research is motivated by the low entrepreneurial intentions of Vocational High School (SMK) students in the city of Bandung. This study aims to determine and analyze the mediating effects of self-efficacy and motivation on the effect of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial intention. The method used in this study is an explanatory survey research with data collection techniques through questionnaires and observation. The population of this study was all students of class XI class 2018/2019 as many as 7,913 students, while based on Slovin calculations the sample of this study was 400 students. The collected data is then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques and multiple linear regression with Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that: 1) the level of self-efficacy, motivation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention of students was in the very high category. 2) entrepreneurship education influences students' entrepreneurial intention. 3) self-efficacy and motivation mediate the effect of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial intention. These findings indicate that to increase entrepreneurial intention, the learning process in high school needs to be emphasized in efforts to increase self-efficacy and motivation. 
 Keywords – Self-efficacy, motivation, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention.

Exploring the factors that mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions among undergraduate students in Ghana

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model to examine the factors that mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions among undergraduate students in Ghana. Specifically, the study identified entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviours (namely, risk-taking ability, self-efficacy, pro-activeness and behavioural control) that students ought to acquire through entrepreneurial education to increase their intentions to indulge in entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach The survey approach was adopted, with data collection done through administering questionnaires to students in the two public universities in the Central Region of Ghana. The model was tested using the partial least squares procedure. Findings The results found support for the proposed model, depicting that, with the exception of self-efficacy, other factors such as behavioural control, risk-taking ability and pro-activeness mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions of students. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study is that the proposed model was tested in only the public universities in the Central Region of Ghana. Subsequently, the validity of the model should be confirmed in other institutions. Practical implications The findings suggest that entrepreneurial education should be integrated into the course structure of all programmes across all disciplines in the tertiary institutions of Ghana. This will promote entrepreneurship and alleviate unemployment among university graduates. Originality/value The study provides a basis for tertiary institutions to develop programmes, policies and measures to help students to build upon their ability to take a risk, control their behaviour and be pro-active. This will influence their quest to become self-employed and not to rely on others and the government for employment after graduation.

A Study on the Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurship Intention of Chinese University Students

In recent years, college students have emerged as the main players in Chinese innovation and start-ups. Based on the TPB theory, this paper introduced the start-up education variables and established the influence model of start-up education for university students in China on the motivation of start-up. In this paper, a questionnaire containing five variables, including behavior attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, was investigated for students from six universities in Jilin Province, China, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS23.0. The study found that the entrepreneurship education of college students had the greatest impact on entrepreneurial intentions compared to the three elements of planned behavioral theory: behavioral attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. This paper has a guiding significance in strengthening start-up education in universities. This study was conducted only for students from six universities in Jilin Province, China, and the scope of the study needs to be expanded throughout China in order to generalize the research results.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in Agricultural Sector

India being an agrarian country, with tremendous natural resources, agricultural sector of the country is a potential business area to be developed by youth. Agricultural sector can be enhanced more through agripreneurial activities. This study provides an insight into the factors that have an effect on the entrepreneurship intention of agricultural students. It would serve as base for future studies and have implications for educators and policy makers.

Entrepreneurial intention among online and face-to-face university students: The influence of structural and cognitive social capital dimensions

This research attempts to understand how the influence of specific dimensions of social capital may or may not have different effects on student entrepreneurial intentions in Spanish university environments (online and face-to-face). Based on Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior, we attempt to integrate three elements of social capital (network ties as structural social capital, shared languages, and shared visions as cognitive social capital) to explain the significant or non-significant differences in entrepreneurial intentions between these two samples (online and face-to-face), given the role played by social capital in university environments and in the entrepreneurship process. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling has been employed to assess the research model and to perform multi-group analysis. Two non-parametric techniques have been used: Henseler’s MGA and the permutation test. Before performing the multi-group analysis, measurement invariance was evaluated using measurement invariance of composite models, which is a new approach to partial least squares-structural equation modelling. The data is obtained from a sample of 302 online and 204 face-to-face university students (undergraduate and master students). Findings suggest that although social capital has significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions in both environments, it is greater in the online students group than in the face-to-face group. This is due to the influence of cognitive social capital (shared languages and shared visions) on entrepreneurial intentions through the catalyst role played by structural social capital (network ties) and the principal components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude towards behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms). This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by analyzing the different impacts of structural (network ties) and cognitive (shared languages and shared visions) social capital on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions in online and face-to-face university students.

Investigando el impacto de los cursos de prácticas y de los principios de emprendimiento en la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes de agricultura

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el impacto de los cursos de pasantía y los fundamentos empresariales en la intención empresarial de los estudiantes de los centros educativos de ciencias aplicadas en el oeste de Irán. Esta investigación es en términos de grado de control y grado de control, campo y en términos de método de obtención de hechos y datos es tipo de encuesta y en términos de recopilación de datos, es causal-correlacional. La población estadística de este estudio fue de 388 estudiantes de cursos agrícolas y de pregrado en Centros de Educación en Ciencias Aplicadas en cuatro provincias occidentales de Irán (Ilam, Kermanshah, Lorestan y Kurdistán). Como la lista de estudiantes que han completado pasantías y cursos de emprendimiento está disponible, la muestra se seleccionó como una muestra completa y finalmente se devolvieron 250 cuestionarios. La herramienta de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario realizado por un investigador cuya validez de contenido fue confirmada por un panel de expertos y su confiabilidad fue confirmada por el alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) utilizando el software Amos24 mostraron que, según el modelo, en el caso estándar, el efecto del período de pasantía en la actitud hacia el comportamiento 0.08, el control conductual percibido 0.05 y las normas subjetivas 19 es 0, que es débil a efecto medio. Además, en el caso estándar, el efecto de los fundamentos del emprendimiento en las actitudes hacia el comportamiento es de 0,56, el control del comportamiento percibido es de 0,56 y las normas subjetivas es de 0,45, que es un efecto de moderado a fuerte.