Structure Of Medium Research Articles

International cooperation on (counter)publics between tradition and reorientation: Social democracy and its media in the Cold War era

Abstract Since its early days, the labor movement has considered itself to be surrounded by a hostile bourgeois public and sought to counter this with a party press. As a result of the Cold War, Western social democratic parties abandoned in part their traditional beliefs about demarcation. Nevertheless, with the International Federation of the Socialist and Democratic Press, an organization emerged from 1951 to 1982 that manifested separation from the bourgeois public sphere. Drawing on an analytical framework derived from counterpublic theory, this article analyzes ideas and practices developed by members of the organization linked to the Socialist International. The analysis of archival sources reveals that social democratic journalists and publishers remained wedded to the idea of a socialist press countering a hostile public sphere. However, the ideas and practices were mostly limited to strategies aimed at adapting to the existing media structures and only later included media policy approaches.

Theoretical analysis of shape factor of gas hydrate sediments under stress dependence

The Kozeny-Carman (KC) equation is used extensively to characterize the effective permeability of gas hydrate sediments. However, most existing modeling approaches ignore the changes in the effective stress, hydrate saturation, and pore structures of porous media, which significantly affect the extraction and exploration of gas hydrates. In addition, theoretical models that can accurately describe shape factors during the imbibition process and predict the effective permeability of gas hydrate sediments are rarely reported. This paper proposes a theoretical stress-dependent shape factor model to study the physical relations between the shape factor and relevant parameters (e.g., effective stress, hydrate saturation, effective porosity, and pore fractal dimension). Then, the derived model is extended to study the shape factor during the imbibition process. The two main novel features of the proposed model are: (1) it takes the effective stress, hydrate saturation, and pore structures into account; and (2) it can be used to study the evolution of shape factors during the imbibition process in gas hydrate sediments. The predictions from the developed model provide a good agreement with experimental results, which validates the model. In addition, based on the derived model, the effects of relevant parameters on shape factors are studied theoretically. From a practical standpoint, the model can not only estimate the effective permeability of gas hydrate sediments under stress dependence but also provide insight into the evolution of shape factor, pore structures (e.g., capillary total number, pore fractal dimension, tortuosity fractal dimension, and effective porosity) and hydrate pore habits during the extraction of hydrates.

Will the Revolution Be Televised? Party Organization, Media Activism, and the Communication Strategies of Left-Wing Governments in Latin America

How do parties respond to media environments slanted against them? This article exploits variation in the level of media activism of Latin American left-wing governments to answer this question. I argue that the composition of governing parties’ bases of support shapes their communication strategy. While parties with unorganized supporters lack societal channels of communication with the electorate and are forced to resort to alternative media structures to disseminate information, parties with organized supporters communicate through affiliated societal organizations and do not depend on mediatized communication. To illustrate this theory, I process trace the cases of Ecuador and Bolivia, drawing on seventy original interviews with key decisionmakers. This article contributes to the literature on political parties by highlighting the overlooked communication function they fulfill.

Numerical Study of the Flow Through Porous Structures Built from Gray–Scott Patterns

Numerical solutions of the reaction–diffusion system of equations in three dimensions provide a systematic procedure to generate a variety of porous media structures of a chosen porosity. A way to characterize such geometries is by their Minkowski functional densities and their average pore diameter. We generated multiple porous geometries of the granular and foam-like types. Hydraulic flow through these series of geometries is simulated to study the dependence of the permeability k and the Forchheimer parameter β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta$$\\end{document} on the chosen geometrical identifiers. Both k and β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta$$\\end{document} exhibit two distinct behaviors aligned with the two distinct generated types of geometries when scaled with the Euler characteristic. A good correlation for dimensionless k as a function of the Minkowski functional densities and the average pore diameter was found for both types of geometries with an accuracy of 15% and 18%, respectively, while no good correlation was found for β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta$$\\end{document}, implying that more geometrical information is needed beyond the proposed one. From the correlations, it was found that, together with the porosity, the mean curvature is also a good parameter to characterize the permeability.

Cripping the Archive: Analyzing Archival Disorder in the Yamashita Family Archives and Karen Tei Yamashita’s Letters to Memory

This article outlines a crip archival analysis of Karen Tei Yamashita’s creative family memoir Letters to Memory (2017) and the separate Yamashita Family Archives; the analysis revolves around the concept of disorder. The book and digital archives move the daily lived experience of incarceration out of chronological order, encouraging new connections across a massive collection of materials: letters, photographs, federal surveillance documents, paintings, sermons, and other ephemera surrounding World War II Japanese American incarceration. Their respective acts of assembling and retelling destabilize the dominant narrative of a resolved family or national trauma to reflect divergent embodied experiences of distress and disability effected by racial debilitation. Offering concentric analysis of textual and archival reordering via Asian American studies, disability studies, and digital humanities, this article adds alternative dimensions to the ongoing legacy of incarceration by inviting readers to create new constellations of meaning through examining temporal and embodied disorder. Reading the physical book and digital archives together also acts as a model for how literary studies scholars might complicate our attention to embodiment beyond narrative analysis, by thinking about disability and madness in the design and structure of texts and digital media. Through cripping the archive, the author calls for a reconceptualization of mad and disabled bodyminds as not only content to be examined, but also users and creators whose disorder animates alternative ways of knowing personal and state violence.

Bacterial cellulose-based submicrobundle framework-induced hyperporous cellulose microspheres functionalized by ionic liquids for anion exchange chromatography

Ovalbumin (OVA) is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries and can be separated using ion exchange chromatography. However, both rapid adsorption kinetics and great adsorption capacity are impeded by the nanoscale porous structures of chromatography media. Here, hyperporous cellulose microspheres (BCMs) with well-controllable micron-sized macropores are fabricated by a facile one-step pre-crosslinking strategy. Bacterial cellulose nanofibers and dissolved cellulose chains are pre-crosslinked by epichlorohydrin to form submicrobundles and generate an interconnected gel network. The preliminary gelation blocks induce a hyperporous framework during the recrystallization and assembly of regenerated cellulose. BCMs have demonstrated decreased mass transfer resistance and increased accessible active sites due to the micron-sized convective macropores (2.04 μm) and high specific surface area (194.25 m2 g−1). Cationic imidazolium ILs (AMIBr) functionalized BCMs (IL-BCMs) are prepared as anion exchangers. IL-BCMs exhibit rapid adsorption kinetics for OVA, reaching 85% of the equilibrium adsorption amount within 30 min. Additionally, IL-BCMs demonstrate endothermic chemosorption, high adsorption capacity (150.30 mg g−1, 25 °C), reusability (>85% removal efficiency after seven cycles), and selectivity towards OVA at pH 6.0. Continuous fixed-bed adsorption further suggests the practicality of IL-BCMs in ion exchange chromatography, indicating that IL-BCMs are appealing media for protein separation and purification.

An Analysis of the Historical Process of Media Marketization in China

Under the social background of the in-depth development of market economy, news photography must keep pace with the times, explore and innovate, actively explore and effectively meet the market demand. Besides reporting the promotion of China's socialist market economy, it also needs to work hard to enter the market. Media history is an organic part of the whole social history. From the perspective of social development law, marketization is a stage that media development history must go through. The structure of China's media market is characterized by low industrial concentration and imbalance, low differences in media products, high barriers to entry and exit of industries, and an overall unbalanced state. The development of media structures with different properties and different media is extremely unbalanced, and the spatial structure of media development is unbalanced. This paper intends to analyze the historical process of media marketization in China, in order to have a deeper understanding and forward-looking understanding of the market-oriented transformation of media in China.

Lattice Boltzmann modeling of the effective thermal conductivity in plant fiber porous media generated by Quartet Structure Generation Set

This study proposes a novel approach that combines a Quartet Structure Generation Set (QSGS) algorithm with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to investigate effective thermal conductivity in plant fiber materials. The QSGS algorithm is utilized to construct a two-dimensional digital structure of the porous media, enabling the determination of effective thermal conductivity through LBM simulations. The simulation results demonstrate good agreement with experimental data, exhibiting a maximum relative error of only 1.7%. The study examines the influence of key factors on effective thermal conductivity, including temperature, porosity, fiber distribution, and fractal dimension. The effective thermal conductivity increased by approximately 6.1% for each 10 °C increase in temperature between 10 °C and 50 °C. Moreover, the effective thermal conductivity showed an average decrease of 16.3% with each 10% increment in porosity. The increase in thermal conductivity becomes more significant with increasing temperature and decreasing porosity. Conversely, an increased fractal dimension correlates with a decline in effective thermal conductivity. The effective thermal conductivity is influenced synergistically by the directional growth probability of the solid phase and the direction of heat flow. The findings offer valuable insights into thermal conductivity behavior and heat transfer mechanisms in plant fiber porous media.

Visualization of local two-phase flow structure in a packed bed of spheres

A two-phase flow structure in porous media is essential to clarify the debris cooling characteristics during a severe accident in nuclear power plants. In previous experimental studies, a packed bed of spheres has been used instead of the porous debris bed. Many models to predict the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the packed bed have been proposed based on the experimental data in the sphere-packed bed. However, those models have not considered the local flow structure, which should be studied to enhance the prediction accuracy. In this study, the local flow structure of the air-water two-phase flow in the unit model of the sphere-packed bed was measured by neutron computed tomography. The distribution of the gas phase was reconstructed by acquired images. From these results, the breakup and coalescence of the bubbles in the packed bed were evaluated.

Development of a computer vision-based measuring system for investigating the porous media structure

Porous materials are widely used in a variety of scientific and technological fields; therefore, a large number of publications deal with the challenges related to studying the porous media microstructure. Porosity investigation methods based on the measurement of certain physical properties of the medium are usually very complex, expensive, cumbersome, require harsh experimental conditions and are unable to determine pore size distribution. On the other hand, modern optical measuring techniques are also not universal and often need significant adaptation. In this regard, a strategy is developed that formalizes the process of direct porosity measurement of the investigated specimen using a series of its images. The proposed method performs image denoising, aggregates separation, measurement of microstructure elements and mathematical analysis of acquired data. Numerical experiments performed using CT images of a porous ceramic sample suggest the reliability of the developed technique.

3D Stochastic Network Modeling and Investigation of Network Size Effect on the Porous Media Structure of Ion Exchange Catalyst Amberlyst-35 with Computer Programs

In the present paper, the investigation was focused on the physical characterization and determination of porosity for an ion exchange catalyst called Amberlyst-35, which produces environmentally benign gasoline using 3D network modeling (3DNM). In addition, the effect of the different pore size distributions (PSD) has been investigated in porous media (PM). First, the mercury porosimetry (MPo) experiment was carried out to determine the porosity of the Amberlyst-35. Second, the KALINET program was run by Compact Visual Fortran (CVF) and Graphical Input/Output (GINO) for modeling porous structures. Then, the SECTION program was used for different porous 3D random images. The theoretical penetration curve was drawn using data obtained from the KALINET program and fitted to the experimental penetration values of Amberlyst-35 by changing the number of pores in each pressure interval of the PSD. The PSD was a 3D network model size of (N) = 30x30x30, 40x40x40, 50x50x50, which included 83,700-196,800-382,500 pores, respectively. On the other hand, various sections of the 3D stochastic images of the pore network were obtained from the SECTION program. Finally, 3D network images were drawn by the KALINET3D computer program. The MPo method has been applied using computer programs (with desktop computers). Moreover, it was found that the same results were obtained for both the theoretical and experimental data of MPo.

Effect of gas hydrate formation and dissociation on porous media structure with clay particles

Natural gas hydrates are a potential future energy modality with the advantages of clean burning and large resource reserves and have attracted worldwide attention. Natural gas hydrates formation and dissociation impact the skeletal structure and mechanical properties of porous media sediments. In addition, there is a synergistic effect between the migration of fine clay particles in porous media and hydrate behavior. In this study, methane hydrate was examined in-situ using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance system in the presence of two suspensions of clay particles with different stability. The results showed that clay particles impacted methane hydrate formation and dissociation and the pore structure of porous media. Hydrate nucleated preferentially in large pores, causing them to split into smaller pores; the presence of clay particles, especially illite, improved the water conversion rate. The results indicated that water content in large pores increased after hydrate dissociation but was discontinuous among different pores. When illite was present, the distribution was more continuous; when montmorillonite was present, the water distribution of the large pores was similar to that of the original state. This work increases our understanding of the kinetics, water migration, and pore structure alteration of methane hydrate formation and dissociation in sediments with clay particles and provides support for the safe and efficient development of natural gas hydrates.

Adjustable fiber structure design for precise aerosol filtration

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are widely used to filter aerosols. Predicting a HEPA filter's performance is essential to guarantee occupant health and comfort. Traditional cell models do not consider the fiber diameter distribution and spatial orientation, which makes them unable to predict filter performance well. We use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to realize the initial performance simulation of glass-fiber (GF) filter media based on a random 3-D fiber model. In this study, we divided the filter media into multiple independent zones in the thickness direction and generated a fiber structure with the same fiber diameter distribution as the real filter media. Based on this method, we investigated the stability of the model and the effects of parameters such as computational domain width, fiber windward angle, filtration velocity, and fiber diameter distribution on the filtration performance of the filter media. The simulated pressure drop is in good agreement with the experimental values, and the efficiency of the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) of the filter media can be accurately calculated. A fiber model design and performance comparison of different fiber diameter distributions are realized. We believe this method can help us better understand the particle capture process and design a fiber structure for filter media to obtain better performance.

Mechanism of droplet motion in the typical micro-channel of porous media

The investigation of a two-phase flow in porous media has significant implications for a wide range of applications. Previous research has focused on exploring the variations in flow and phase fields in a two-phase flow using experimental and numerical methods. However, the complex structure of porous media introduces many uncertainties that can impact research outcomes. In recent years, some scholars have tried to study the dynamic mechanics of a two-phase flow through typical structures to eliminate these confounding factors. Therefore, this paper focuses on examining the flow patterns of dispersed phases with different sizes during the displacement process based on the typical micro-channel of porous media. Furthermore, the study examines various dimensionless parameters that impact alterations in the streamlines of a two-phase flow as well as the carrying capacity for dispersed phases. The findings suggest that the capillary number governs the ability of the continuous phase to transport the droplet. Consequently, the dispersed droplets tend to become trapped in weak flow regions. The dynamic mechanisms of the dispersive droplet trapping are systematically analyzed by combining the numerical simulation results and experimental evidence from previous studies. Based on these findings, the paper puts forth some mechanistic suggestions that could contribute to a more effective displacement of a two-phase flow in porous media.

Media research and proposals for media change: Notes on a key variable

A significant body of media research internationally involves suggestions for planned change, often as a key point of conclusion. The suggested changes or reforms are placed in the context of perceived deficits in media performance, which may be seen as longstanding or as a result of recent shifts in the broader economy, the political frame or a major disruption such as that brought about by COVID-19. Some research restricts itself to documenting the deficits with possible remedies largely implied. However, other work seeks to go further. Recommendations for change in media structures and practices differ widely in their scale, specificity and also in their level of engagement with the surrounding political, economic and social settings. These settings are the consequence of various planned and unplanned factors interacting over time. This note looks at a number of variables around ideas of planned change in the contexts of current media inquiry, including that of media historiography, taking a few illustrative examples to examine the frameworks within which they are placed. It reviews connections made with levels of the political and economic system and of public evaluations and media uses as well as with the levels of the media industries themselves and their workforces.

The asymptotic homogenization evaluation of effective mechanical property of the C/C-ZrC composite by the reconstruction technique

In this framework, we formulate a procedure to reconstruct the structure of general random 3D braid heterogeneous media based on transformation of Gaussian random fields, where the correlation of the underlying Gaussian field is determined explicitly rather than through iterative methods. The reconstructed media can meet the key microstructural information contained in the micrographs and two-point correlation function of the reference media. A robust and efficient algorithm is the operation for accurate determination the effective physical properties from a local heterogeneous material based on the methods of asymptotic homogenization and the finite element. Comparison of the present result to the experimental data from the literature shows a good agreement. The correlation length, Gaussian complexity, representative volume element size and mesh size are investigated and selected to highlight the importance of morphologically realistic microstructures. The effective properties of 3D braid composites are evaluated numerically and the respective effect of the volume fraction and relative material parameters of the reinforcement is assessed numerically. This breakthrough is the possibility to design, predict properties, and even manufacture materials not only with the help of experiments but also with computer science.

Acoustic Wave Correlation of Time-Varying Disordered Structures

An original model based on first principles is constructed for the temporal correlation of acoustic waves propagating in random scattering media. The model describes the dynamics of wave fields in a previously unexplored, moderately strong (mesoscopic) scattering regime, intermediate between those of weak scattering, on the one hand, and diffusing waves, on the other. It is shown that by considering the wave vector as a free parameter that can vary at will, one can provide an additional dimension to the data, resulting in a tomographic-type reconstruction of the full space-time dynamics of a complex structure, instead of a plain spectroscopic technique. In Fourier space, the problem is reduced to a spherical mean transform defined for a family of spheres containing the origin, and therefore is easily invertible. The results may be useful in probing the statistical structure of various random media with both spatial and temporal resolution.

Presidential Address for the ismrc Virtual Conference 2021

Abstract In this presidential address to the International Society for Media, Religion and Culture (ismrc) I argue for the relevance of studying digital religion as a public phenomenon in one particular context: within the structures of hybrid media. While hybrid as a concept has achieved, in recent years, considerable interest in media and communication studies, it has also been addressed in the study of digital religion. Here, I wish to provide a structure-oriented approach to such hybrid media and argue how this approach could provide a valuable contribution to the study of digital religion in the future.

Investigation of the load sustaining micro mechanisms of cemented sand using the mesoscale FEM approach

While the mechanics of cemented granular material have already been approached by means of constitutive modeling, the capacity of introducing the precise internal structure of multiphase media in numerical simulations offers an alternative perspective of investigation. In specific, means of X-ray computed tomography are able to quantify the internal irregular geometry of the composite material in the form of three-dimensional images. Image analysis can be applied in order to distinguish the topology of each material phase and advanced meshing techniques are able to form a twin meshed domain. The current paper deals with the quantitative description of the morphology of small cemented sand samples, the application of developed image analysis algorithms to treat imaging artefacts (mainly due to beam hardening), the equivalent mesh generation via the image adapted meshing technique and the numerical testing using the Finite Element Method. Four samples are imaged, meshed and numerically tested in uniaxial compression; the mesoscale finite element simulations are able to display the intergranular stress transmission chains. A statistical analysis of the load carried by the granular skeleton provides evidence of the influence of the cementation degree and the compaction of the aggregates on the uniformity of the stress distribution.

Contingent Encounters: Understanding the Relationship Between Homophily and Polarisation within Social Media

We are witnessing a polarisation of opinions and political groupings across the world, as evidenced by the rise of populism, conspiracy theories and an increasing distrust of authority. One common theme which runs through this polarisation is the mediation of social media. I thus ask, what is it about social media that creates polarisation, and how can a philosophy of the encounter help remedy it? I argue existing understandings of polarisation online such as the filter bubble hypothesis are technologically deterministic. This determinism, I argue is confusing academic critiques of the sociological principle of homophily. To counter this position and extend our critique of homophily in network science, I propose to turn to Louis Althusser’s ‘The underground current of the materialism of the encounter’ in which he argues that contingency and openness is the material basis for freedom, thinking and the encountering of the world. With an emphasis on contingency, we can correctly ascertain how technology distorts and intervenes in the encounter. This paper aims to build on such a critical stance for analysing digital networks by reclaiming the contingency which defines true encounters and arguing that to understand polarisation means to move beyond the filter bubble hypothesis. This in turn enables a clearer understanding of the role homophily plays in causing polarisation within social media. The implications of these findings instruct us to look outside of algorithmic structure of social media and into the wider societal causes of polarisation.