This study investigated the latent dimensions underlying upper-secondary students’ orienta tion toward STEM fields in the Fier-Vlora region of Albania. It aimed to identify the factorial struc ture underlying perceptions of cognitive, contex tual, and sociocultural influences; assess the in strument's psychometric properties; and con firm its structural validity through confirmatory factor analysis. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was ap plied using a structured SCCT-informed question naire administered to grade 11-12 students. Data suitability was verified via KMO and Bartlett’s tests. Exploratory factor analysis (MINRES ex traction, oblimin rotation) was conducted to identify the latent structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (WLSMV estimator) was then applied to assess factorial stability, with model fit evaluated using classical/robust CFI, TLI, RMSEA and SRMR indices. Reliability (Cronbach’s α, KR-20), convergent validity (CR, AVE), and discriminant validity (Fornell–Larcker criterion) were examined. Complete responses from 499 students were analyzed. The dataset showed excellent factora bility (KMO = 0.94; Bartlett’s 𝑝 < 0.001 ). Ex ploratory analysis revealed a five-factor struc ture, and reducing the item set from 20 to 16 im proved parsimony and inter-factor distinction. The refined model demonstrated satisfactory fit (Robust CFI = 0.945; Robust TLI = 0.929; Robust RMSEA = 0.079; SRMR = 0.037), with all stand ardized loadings significant. Reliability values ranged from 0.617 to 0.885, and convergent and discriminant validity criteria were met. The study validated a coherent five-factor struc ture that captures: cognitive engagement with STEM; outcome expectations and career utility; behavioral exposure to STEM activities; social and family support; instructional and career guidance. The instrument demonstrates strong psychometric properties and provides a contex tually grounded tool for assessing STEM-related orientations among Albanian upper-secondary students.

The subject of this paper is to clarify the influence of bed sediments and their composition on the change in flow conditions in the Komárňanský channel, the biggest channel of Žitný Ostrov channel network. This research is based on the results from field measurements, located at Žitný Ostrov (ŽO ) area during the period 1993 to 2019. This area is flat land and the velocities in all channels of channel network are very slow what is the main cause of sediment deposition, especially on the channel bottom. The flow profile of channels decreases as the thickness of bed sediments increases, and in consequence of continuous sedimentation processes, not only the cross - section of channel, but also its longitudinal profile changes unfavorably. The volume of sediments is also increasing . The thickness and struc ture of sediments have an important influence on the interaction between surface water in channels of ŽO and groundwater in its surroundings. The detailed field measurements of bed sediment thicknesses along the Komárňanský channel were performed du ring the period 1993 – 2019. Then there was determined the longitudinal distribution of the bed sediments in the Komárňanský channel, the percentage of the profile silting by sediments and the values of the volume of bed sediments in this channel for the monitore d period (based on the calculation of the values of the average thickness of the bed sediments ) . The results are summed up in all tables and figures of this paper and their comparison indicates an increasing trend in the longitudinal siltation of this channel as well as in the volume of sediments during the monitored period. The flow conditions in the channel are also influenced by the composition of the bed sediments, especially their permeability, expressed by the value of saturated hydraulic conductivity . This parameter is one of the key inputs for modeling of the interaction between surface water in channel and groundwater level in its surroundings. In order to determine the value of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, it was necessary to take samples of bed sediments. The bed silts were obtained by two ways, as disturbed samples and as undisturbed samples. For disturbed samples, the empirical formulas based on the grain size analysis were used to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity value. We calculated these values according to 7 empirical formulas: Bayer – Schweiger; Špaček I, Špaček II, Hazen I.; Bayer; USBR and Orechova. We used the number of valid calculated results as a crite rion for determining the ability of a formula to provide result s that meet its validity requirements. T he most suitable formula according to this criterion has been shown the Hazen I. formula, its range for Komárňanský channel in 2019 was 2.86 10 - 08 to 3.98 10 - 06 m s - 1 . For undisturbed samples of bed sediments was use d to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity value the laboratory falling head method. The saturated hydraulic conductivity values determined by this method are presented in tabular form and its range was from 1.31 10 - 07 to 1.10 10 - 05 m s - 1 .

In the structural adaptation of algorithms using a genetic algorithm, one of the challenges is encoding the struc ture of algorithms into a chromosome. This article explores an approach to structural adaptation and the devel opment of efficient sorting algorithms based on the paradigm of constructive-synthesizing modeling. A method is proposed for representing chromosomes as encoded structures corresponding to various variants of sorting algorithms. This approach allows the solution search space to be formed not only as a set of numerical parameters but also as complete software. Operations of substitution, partial inference, and composition are described, which enable the synthesis of new sorting algorithms. A genetic algorithm is applied to generate and select functionally equivalent algorithms. Examples are provided of constructing chromosome trees that encode sorting procedures of varying complexity. A program has been implemented for generating and evolutionarily improving chromo somes with encoded sorting algorithms. The application of constructive-synthesizing modeling to the problem of encoding structurally different but functionally equivalent algorithms into chromosomes is demonstrated. Ex perimental results confirmed that usage of constructive-synthesizing modeling increases population diversity and accelerates the discovery of efficient solutions compared to classical genetic algorithms. The proposed method ology can be used for automated algorithm construction, optimization of their structure, and adaptation to spe cific usage conditions.

In the process of sustainable development in Vietnam, preserving and promoting the cultural values of ethnic minorities is a task, so there should be sustainable solutions to preserve cultural identity and strengthen national solidarity. The process of modernization, urbanization, along with factors such as market economy and cultural change, has posed many challenges to conservation work. An Giang province, the long-standing residence of the Khmer, Cham, and Chinese communities, is an area with high ethnic cultural diversity, but is also affected by cultural change. This study aims to eval uate the effectiveness of implementing the policy of preserving the culture of ethnic minorities in An Giang, identify influencing factors, and propose practical policy solutions. The study uses quantitative methods with a questionnaire surveying 750 subjects, including ethnic minority people and cultural officials in Tri Ton, Tinh Bien, Chau Phu districts, and Chau Doc city. Data were processed through the following steps: descriptive statistics of survey sample characteristics; testing the reliabi lity of the scale using Cronbach's Alpha; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the struc ture of observed variables; and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the suitability of the measurement model. The analysis results identified five groups of factors that positively affected the effectiveness of implementing the policy on preserving ethnic minority culture, including (1) The suitability of policy objectives and content with local cultural characteristics; (2) Support resources in terms of finance, human resources and facilities; (3) Implementation organization and management capacity at the grassroots level; (4) Level of community participation in planning, monitoring and implementation; (5) Conservation results expressed through the level of satisfaction and the ability to restore and maintain cultural values. The study found limitati ons including the lack of inter-sectoral coordination mechanisms, unstable investment resources, and superficial community consultation. The study proposed solutions to improve the substance of policies, increase sustainable investment, and especially empower ethnic minority communities to play a central role in preserving and promoting national cultural identity.

Rational feeding, balanced in nutritional elements, is necessary to maximize milk productivity and to obtain economic outcome from the dairy herd. Keeping parameters, environmental conditions, and feeding errors in dairy cows affect herd productivity and health. In the spring-summer period of 2022 cows showed signs of metabolic disorders, acetonimic effect, which affected the production indicators of the dairy herd. In the course of the conducted research, it was established that the change of metabolic processes, decrease of milk productivity and production indicators was caused by violation of the fee- ding norms (decrease of feed mixture palatability by 20%, lack of nutrient intake from 9 to 49%), pre dominance of concentrate type of feeding. As a result, blood biochemical indices were changed relative to physiologic value: glucose level was reduced by 9%, microelements and vitamins up to 2 times, alkaline reserve was at the lower limit, ketone bodies level was increased. The level of culling of cows amounted to 3%, 2/3 of the culled cows showed signs of intoxication of internal organs. The ration struc ture was adjusted: the amount of roughage was increased, the amount of concentrates and high-protein additives was reduced, energy and mineral supplements were additionally applied. As a result of these measures, feed palatability increased by 19% and nutrient intake increased by 35–45% relative to the previous period. The increase in average daily milk yield amounted to 10%, cow wastage decreased, and the number of cases of intoxication of internal organs decreased more than 2 times. The economic effect from the change of the ration and additional application of fodder means amounted to +18 rubles.

Введение. Антибактериальные препараты играют важную роль в лече нии инфекционных заболеваний, и антибактериальные препараты це фалоспоринового ряда являются одной из наиболее широко используемых групп антибиотиков. В условиях роста распространён ности инфекционных болезней, а также увеличения не рационального использования антибиотиков, в том числе цефалоспоринов в Кыргыз ской Республике демонстрирует тенденцию к росту. В данной статье проводится структурный анализ рынка антибактериальных препаратов цефалоспоринового ряда, рассматриваются его номенклатурные и групповые особенности. Цель исследования. Проведение структурного анализа зарегистриро ванных антибактериальных препаратов цефалоспоринового ряда. Материалы и методы. Для проведения исследования использованы методы контент-анализа, сравнения, ранжирования. В качестве основ ного материала для анализа использованы данные Государственного реестра лекарственных средств Кыргызской Республики на 2024 год, содержащие сведения о зарегистрированных антибактериальных пре паратах, включая торговые наименования, лекарственные формы, до зировки, производителей, страны производителей. Результаты. Путем выкопировки данных из официальных источников информации - Государственный реестр лекарственных средств Кыр гызской Республики сформирован список антибиотиков, который включает 55 торговых наименований (ТН), 36 международных непа тентованных наименований (МНН) и 22 препарата в разных лекарст венных формах. По данным Государственного реестра ЛС Кыргызской Республики, на 2024г. зарегистрировано 625 антибиотиков (с учетом торговых наименований лекарственных препаратов, форм выпуска, до зировок, фирм-производителей, стран производства). Среди зареги стрированных 20,6% приходится на группу пенициллинов, 27,7% – цефалоспоринов, 14,5% – хинолонов, 5,3% – аминогликозидов, 12,8% – макролидов, 2,8% – тетрациклинов и 16,3% – на другие группы ан тибактериальных препаратов. В структуре ассортимента зарегистри рованных антибактериальных препаратов цефалоспоринового ряда распределение по поколениям в относительных величинах можно пред ставить следующим образом (с учетом МНН): 1-е поколение – 11% (це фазолин); 2-е поколение – 15% (цефуроксим); 3-е поколение –62% (цефтриаксон, цефотаксим, цефтазидим, цефоперазон); 4-е поколение – 12% (цефипим). Заключение. Проведённый контент-анализ ассортимента антибиотиков, зарегистрированных в Кыргызской Республике по Реестру разрешён ных ЛС на 2024 год, позволяет сделать вывод о структурированной и насыщенной картине фармацевтического рынка антибактериальных препаратов. Чрезмерное разнообразие и количество антибиотиков на рынке страны вызывает обеспокоенность по поводу их нерациональ ного использования в медицинской практике. Всё это приводит к росту устойчивости микроорганизмов к антибиотикам. Introduction. Antibacterial drugs play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases, and cephalosporin-type antibacterial drugs are one of the most widely used groups of antibiotics. In the context of an increase in the prevalence of infectious diseases, as well as an increase in the inefficient use of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, the Kyrgyz Republic is showing an upward trend. This article provides a structural analysis of the cepha losporin-type antibacterial drugs market, examines its nomenclature and group features. The purpose of the study. Conducting a structural analysis of registered an tibacterial drugs of the cephalosporin series. Materials and methods. The methods of content analysis, comparison, and ranking were used to conduct the research. Data from the State Register of Medicines of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2024, containing information on reg istered antibacterial drugs, including trade names, dosage forms, dosages, manufacturers, and countries of origin, were used as the main material for analysis. Results. By copying data from official information sources - the State Reg ister of Medicines of the Kyrgyz Republic - a list of antibiotics has been formed, which includes 55 trade names (TN), 36 international nonpropri etary names (INN) and 22 drugs in various dosage forms. According to the State Register of Medicinal Products of the Kyrgyz Republic, 625 antibiotics have been registered for 2024 (including trade names of medicines, forms of release, dosages, manufacturing companies, and countries of production). Of those registered, 20.6% are penicillins, 27.7% are cephalosporins, 14.5% are quinolones, 5.3% are aminoglycosides, 12.8% are macrolides, 2.8% are tetracyclines, and 16.3% are other groups of antibacterial drugs. In the struc ture of the range of registered antibacterial drugs of the cephalosporin series, the generational distribution in relative terms can be represented as follows (taking into account INN): 1st generation - 11% (cefazolin); 2nd generation – 15% (cefuroxime); 3rd generation -62% (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cef tazidime, cefoperazone); 4th generation – 12% (cefipime). Conclusion. The conducted content analysis of the range of antibiotics reg istered in the Kyrgyz Republic according to the Register of Permitted Drugs for 2024 allows us to conclude about a structured and rich picture of the pharmaceutical market of antibacterial drugs. The excessive variety and quantity of antibiotics on the country's market raises concerns about their irrational use in medical practice. All this leads to an increase in the resist ance of microorganisms to antibiotics. Киришүү. Антибактериалдык препараттар жугуштуу ооруларды дары лоодо маанилүү ролду ойнойт жана цефалоспорин тибиндеги антибак териалдык препараттар антибиотиктердин эң кеңири колдонулган топторунун бири болуп саналат. Жугуштуу оорулардын таралышынын, ошондой эле Кыргыз Республикасында антибиотиктерди, анын ичинде цефалоспориндерди рационалдуу эмес колдонуунун көбөйүшүнүн шарттарында өсүү тенденциясы байкалууда. Бул макалада цефалоспо рин сериясындагы антибактериалдык препараттар рыногунун струк туралык анализи жүргүзүлүп, анын номенклатуралык жана топтук өзгөчөлүктөрү каралат. Изилдөөнүн максаты. Катталган цефалоспорин тибиндеги антибакте риалдык препараттарга структуралык анализ жүргүзүү. Материалдар жана ыкмалар. Изилдөө жүргүзүү үчүн контент-талдоо, салыштыруу, рейтингдөө ыкмалары колдонулду. Талдоо үчүн негизги материал катары 2024-жылга Кыргыз Республикасынын дары-дармек каражаттарынын мамлекеттик реестринин маалыматтары пайдала нылды, аларда катталган антибактериалдык препараттар, анын ичинде соода аталыштары, дары формалары, дозалары, өндүрүүчүлөр, өндү рүүчү өлкөлөр жөнүндө маалыматтар камтылган. Натыйжалар. Расмий маалымат булактарынан маалыматтарды казып алуу жолу менен-Кыргыз Республикасынын дары-дармек каражатта рынын мамлекеттик реестри антибиотиктердин тизмеси түзүлгөн, ал 55 соода аталышын (СА), 36 эл аралык патенттелбеген аталышты (ЭПА) жана ар кандай дары-дармек формаларындагы 22 препаратты камтыйт. Кыргыз Республикасынын ДК мамлекеттик реестринин маа лыматтары боюнча 2024-жылга карата 625 антибиотик катталган (да рыпрепараттарынын соода аталыштарын, чыгаруу формаларын, доза ларын, өндүрүүчү фирмаларды, өндүрүш өлкөлөрүн эске алуу менен). Катталгандардын ичинен 20,6% пенициллиндер тобуна, 27,7% лоспо риндерге, 14,5% хинолондорго, 5,3% аминогликозиддерге, 12,8% мак ролиддерге, 2,8% тетрациклиндерге жана 16,3% антибактериалдык препараттардын башка топторуна туура келет. Катталган цефалоспо рин сериясындагы бактерияга каршы препараттардын ассортименти нин структурасында муундар боюнча салыштырмалуу чоңдукта бөлүштүрүүнү төмөнкүчө чагылдырууга болот (ЭПАны эске алуу менен): 1-муун – 11% (цефазолин); 2 – муун-15% (цефуроксим); 3-муун -62% (цефтриаксон, цефотаксим, цефтазидим, цефоперезон); 4-муун 12% (цефипим). Жыйынтыгы. 2024-жылга уруксат берилген ДК реестри боюнча Кыр гыз Республикасында катталган антибиотиктердин ассортиментине жүргүзүлгөн контент-талдоо антибактериалдык препараттардын фар мацевтикалык рыногунун структураланган жана толук сүрөтү жөнүндө тыянак чыгарууга мүмкүндүк берет. Өлкөнүн рыногунда антибиотик тердин ашыкча түрдүүлүгү жана саны алардын медициналык практи када туура эмес колдонулушуна тынчсызданууну жаратууда. Мунун баары микроорганизмдердин антибиотиктерге туруктуулугунун өсүшүнө алып келет.

Classical macroeconomic management is based on the goals-and-tools principle, which implies setting development goals and selecting tools to influence the economy. Economic agents adapt to them, which results in policy tools fluctuating in their power and policy goals losing their responsiveness. This occurs not only due to repetitive actions (accumulation), but also to inherent irresponsiveness of specific goals and economic objects to influences. The study revolves around macroeconomic policy decisions based on the goals-and-tools principle and the doctrine of distributed management. The article demonstrates the cumulative effect of administrative actions on the economy and of the inclusion of both this effect and the named doc trine in the analysis and process of macroeconomic decision-making. Methodologically, the work rests on the theory of con trol of large-scale systems and the author’s principle of distributed management. The study draws upon statistical data of the RF Federal State Statistics Service for 2000–2023 and uses model and statistical analyses. The content of distributed manage ment comes down to the fact that government policy tools have a distributed impact on goals, elements of the economic struc ture and development factors with a varying degree of influence. We describe the cumulative effect of administrative actions on the economy that shows changes in the goal’s sensitivity to the tools. We distinguish between three types of cumulative effect (positive, negative, and neutral) and substantiate its use in macroeconomic decision-making. An assessment of the impact of in f lation targeting within the Fisherian and Schumpeterian growth scenarios confirmed the inappropriateness of a rigid targeting policy for the Schumpeterian model. This allowed proposing a general approach to eliminating the negative cumulative effect in policymaking.

After Russia attacked Ukraine in 2022, Poland became a haven for refugees, and Poles provided them with great help. The government introduced legal facilities for Ukrainians, which facilitated settlement and business activity. Along with the influx of refugees, Ukrainian companies also moved, and the number of newly established enterprises increased significantly. This phenomenon had a significant im pact on Polish society, the structure of small and medium-sized companies, and the country’s economy. The enormous scale and dynamics of the phenomenon undoubtedly could not have gone unnoticed not only by economists, but also by Polish society, which was encountering such a large wave of migrants to Poland for the first time. Ukrainians settling in Poland have undoubtedly significantly influenced the struc ture of Polish society and the landscape of the small and medium-sized enterprise sector in the country and, therefore, the Polish economy. Therefore, it seems interesting to examine the reaction to informa tion appearing on the Internet about the growth of entrepreneurship of Ukrainians in Poland, in order to diagnose possible problems related to their perception and thus implement appropriate actions aimed at alleviating negative social moods related to the discussed phenomenon. For this purpose, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of comments posted on Facebook under five articles published by the portals Businessinsider.pl, Money.pl and TVN24.pl was carried out, answering the question about the image of Ukrainians among Internet users in the context of the growth of Ukrainian entrepreneurship in Poland.

The article discusses the issues of localization and regional features of stratiform lead-zinc mineralization in carbonate strata within the poorly studied part of the Vendian-Early Paleozoic carbonate basin of the Siberian Platform cover. It gives the characteristics of rock and material complexes, tectonic structures, facies heterogeneities in the areal stru cture that control the position of mineralization, its morphostructural, mineralogical and geochemical features, geophysical and isotopic geochemical characteristics. It substantiates that mineralization belongs to the Mississippian commercial geological type of stratiform lead-zinc deposits, a unique feature of which within the Siberian Platform is the association of mineralization with the Devonian-Carboniferous intracontinental rifting and Pb, Zn, Ag, Mn orientation of ores. The proposed model elements make it possible to use them as pros pecting criteria and indicators of stratiform lead-zinc mineralization, including in buried areas.

The relevance of the research stems from the nature of the approaches to the definition and measurement of regional welfare still debated in the extant research. Particular importance attached to this problem is related to the concept of sustainable development, which centres on promoting prosperity while protecting the planet. The paper aims to form an original theoretical model depicting the mutual influence of sustainable regional development and regional welfare. The fundamental propositions of the concept of sustainable development and welfare economics, as well as regional and spatial development theories constitute the methodological basis of the study. The methods used are comparative analysis, synthesis, and conceptual modelling. The findings confirm that regional welfare acts simultaneously as a target due to having the elements identical to the spheres of sustainable development in its struc ture, and as the key factor in the sustainable regional development due to incorporat ing a set of material and non-material, economic and non-economic goods, which build up the economic, social, environmental, and institutional elements ensuring an incessant process of changes in the regional socio-ecological-economic system impacted by interregional, national and international factors of external environment of a region. The proposed conceptual model advances scientific ideas about the main tenance of sustainable regional development, contributes to the theory of welfare, and creates a basis for devising a method to measure regional welfare.

In view of the existing image dehazing algorithms, there are problems of incomplete dehazing and image color distortion. A dehazing network combining Transfer learning sub-net and Residual attention sub-net is proposed. First, the pretrained model of the transfer learning subnet is adopted to enhance the feature attributes of the samples. Second, the struct ure of the dual-branch network is constructed, and the residual attention sub-network is used to assist the transfer learning subnetwork to train the parameters of the network model. Finally, the method of tail ensemble learning is used to fuse the features of the dual network to obtain the model parameters of the dehazed image, so as to complete the image restoration task. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in the paper improves the PSNR index by 1.87 dB and 4.22 dB on the RESIDE data set and the O-HAZE data set respectively, and the SSIM index on the O-HAZE data set by 6.7%.

ABSTRACT In the present work, the static magnetic field (SMF) was applied in the L-PBF process of a typical γʹ strengthening Ni-based superalloy of GH4099 concerning the as-built and heat-treated conditions. The SMF during the L-PBF process can effectively refine the cellular str ucture, refine the grain size, promote the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET), and reduce the dislocation density. After the solution-aging procedure, the SMF samples exhibited a refined grain structure, suggesting that the tailored microstructure is inherited after the solution-aging treatment. The tensile test results show that by applying the SMF during the L-PBF process, the ductility can be notably improved on both building planes under the as-built and heat-treatment conditions, and the anisotropy along different directions can be reduced. It reveals that the SMF in L-PBF can be an effective method to modulate the microstructure and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties for γʹ strengthening Ni-based superalloys.

Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus is widely used in probiotics or food supplements to promote microbiome health and may also be part of the normal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract. However, it rarely also causes invasive or severe infections in patients. It has been postulated that these infections may originate from probiotics or from endogenous commensal reservoirs. In this report, we examine the population structure of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and investigate the utility of using bacterial genomics to identify the source of invasive Lacticaseibacillus infections. Core genome phylogenetic analysis was performed on 602 L. rhamnosus genome sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology public database. This information was then used along with newly generated sequences of L. rhamnosus isolates from yogurt to investigate a fatal case of L. rhamnosus endocarditis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated substantial genetic overlap of L. rhamnosus isolates cultured from food, probiotics, infected patients, and colonized individuals. This was applied to a patient who had both consumed yogurt and developed L. rhamnosus endocarditis to attempt to identify the source of his infection. The sequence of the isolate from the patient's bloodstream differed at only one nucleotide position from one of the yogurt isolates. Both isolates belonged to a clade, identified here as clade YC, composed of mostly gastrointestinal isolates from healthy individuals, some of which also differed by only a single nucleotide change from the patient's isolate. As illustrated by this case, whole genome sequencing may be insufficient to reliably determine the source of invasive infections caused by L. rhamnosus.

Family Asclepiadaceae is represented by 250 genera and ca 3000 species mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is represented by 43 genera and ca 243 species in India, of which, 31 genera, 82 species, 2 subspecies and 7 varieties are known from the State of Maharashtra. The family is well known for endemism, most elaborate complicated flower of all the dicots and contrivances for pollination. Most of the members of the family are restricted in distribution and many of them fall under some IUCN categories of rare plants. Many of the species are not available for taxonomic studies due to rarity of plant materials. Similarly fleshy nature of flowers makes it difficult to study floral structure in dried herbarium specimens. During last decade, deliberate attempts were made to collect asclepiads of Maharashtra and study their characters in fresh and prickled liquid preserved materials. During 10 years intensive survey of asclepiads of Maharashtra, about 63 species of the total 82 species reported for the State have been collected, documented, photographed, studied and reported in the present paper. The genus Ceropegia alone accounts for 24 species and 2 varieties for the state. Photographs of asclepiad flowers are found to be of paramount value in easy identifications than their descriptions. The paper gives an account of Asclepiads of Maharashtra, their distribution and present field status.

The venation type, areole size, vein endings, vein tips and epidermal character have been described in 11 species of the tribe Justiceae of the family Acanthaceae. The features like unilacunar node, a prominent strand, venation patterns, structure of the epidermis, diamesogenous stomata, trichomes, lithocysts, etc. have been found to be useful in taxonomic considerations.

Мотивація. Незважаючи на значний прогрес у галузі створення Безлюдних Систем (БС), забезпечення необхідного рівня їх автономності залишається актуальним завданням. Важливу роль у його вирішенні відіграє штучний інтелект. Особливості безлюдних систем породили нову модель «Штучний інтелект що відчуває» (ШІВ), що підтримує автономність. Метою даної роботи є розробка алгоритму що підтримує модель безперервного планування і ситуаційного управління імплементовану у систему Goal-Directed Control ШІВ. Предметом дослідження є методи та моделі управління автономними мобільними роботами на підставі даних від різноманітних сенсорів. Результати. Особливістю задачі управління автономними мобільними роботами є те, що для прийняття рішення в режимі реального часу щодо поточних дій використовують стан виконання плану, поточну ситуацію та можливість виконання частини плану дій, що залишилася, для досягнення мети. Наведено структуру багаторівневої розподіленої системи нечітких правил управління у поєднанні з системою продукційних правил планування. Розглянуто модифікований механізм нечіткого висновку, який завдяки введенню фактора впевненості здатний обробляти як факти щодо стану оточення так і стану виконання плану. Наведено алгоритм безперервного планування й приклади контрольних розрахунків. Висновок. Показано, що модифікація традиційного механізму логічного виведення в нечитких логічних системах, по-перше, шляхом введення контекстної пам’яті, що містить контекстні факти, по-друге, уявлення стану фактів, як і значень вхідних змінних у вигляді нечітких факторів впевненості, дозволяє застосувати їх для управління БС та використовувати усі переваги нечіткого управління щодо обробки невизначенності. Розробка традиційної нечиккщї системи, спрямованої на управління реалізацією плану дій для автономного робота з урахуванням вищезазначених умов, що характеризується значною кількістю вхідних числових змінних від датчиків, є нерозв’язним завданням. Запропонована модель, яка складається з компонентів двщх типів систем нечитких систем з лінгвістичними змінними та нечитких продукційних систем з факторами впевненості долає перелічені проблеми та зберігає переваги традиційних нечитких систем у поводженні з невизначеністю. Напрям подальших досліджень. Майбутні кроки можуть бути присвячено розвитку моделі та інструментарію для інших класів безлюдних систем.

The model for choosing rational diversification strategies of construction companies based on an expert assessment of construction's technical and economic parameters is described, which considers the most significant indicators and the advantages of participants in the construction process. These advantages and the features of diversification strategies are included in the indicators of the diversification center, which should be created in the construction company. Since this task is complex and requires the involvement of a separate team of experts, if it is impossible to create such a center within the st ructure of a construction company, it is necessary to involve a consulting company that deals with this problem. The method of evaluating diversification strategies of construction companies has been improved, which is distinguished by taking into account changes in the structure of companies' organizational environments and allowing them to increase their management efficiency. This method is based on expert assessment and considers the opinions of all participants in the construction process: owners, developers, investors, general contractors and designers. In the future, the method described will be implemented in the activities of construction companies, and the obtained results will be verified. Implementing the method of formation and evaluation of diversification strategies is an essential component of ensuring the stability of the development of construction companies and obtaining their profits. The obtained results, both theoretically and practically, serve as a basis for further scientific and applied research aimed at improving various aspects of the management of construction companies. The described tools are essential practically for construction companies and holdings. In the long term, the use of the developed methods and models will positively impact the development of the country's construction industry as a whole.

A novel fodder sorghum ( L.) genotype (EC484238) with multiple gynoecium has been Sorghum bicoloridentified at ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi for the first time in India. The floral microscopic study of this novel genotyperevealed that female mega-gametophyte produced multiple gynoecium ranging from two to six, instead of one as in normal sorghum genotypes with bi-feathery stigma on each ovary. These multiple ovaries succeeded to produce viable twin or triplet seeds per spikelet per panicle. The twin and triple seed ratio ranged from 97-99% and 1-3%, respectively per panicle. This unique sorghum genotype might be a homeobox mutant which could shed light on the genetic regulation and control mechanisms governing the development of floral str ucture in sorghum as well as in other grasses of the Poaceae family. Multi-ovary sorghum has the obvious advantage of the increased number of seeds per panicle, thereby potentially increasing the seed yield. The novel genotype might be used in future fodder sorghum breeding programmes and will have more significance for the development of dual purpose fodder sorghum

The paper presents a new geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective building structures protection.The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations.Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface.To minimize the mining damage or to reduce its reach it is reasonable to look for technical solutions, which would enable effective protection of building structures.So far authors concentrated primarily on the development of building structure protection methods to minimize the damage caused by the underground mining.The application of geotechnical methods, which could protect building structures against the mining damage, was not considered so far in scientific papers.It should be noticed that relatively few publications are directly related to those issues and there are no practical examples of effective geotechnical protection.This paper presents a geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective protection of building structures.The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations.Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface.The calculations were carried out in the Abaqus software, based on the finite element method.

Studies into the elements that influence students' academic progress have drawn the interest and concern of teachers, counsellors, psychologists, researchers, and school officials in Nigeria. The foundation of society is the family, which is generally understood as a couple raising their children or a group of individuals living under one roof and typically under one head. Every family is thought to want their children to do well in school. However, a lot of elements, such as economic pressure, lead families to lose interest in their children's academic endeavours. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between secondary school students' academic achievements and their family structure in Oyo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was utilised for the study to collect data because it helped the researcher found to standardise data collection, categorise data for statistical analysis and collect data at a lower administrative cost. Descriptive and correlational approaches were also applied. Correlational design helps identify the relationship between two variables, while the descriptive design accurately describes the events as they actually occur. Therefore, it was possible to establish a connection between the type of family and the pupils' academic performance. One-way ANOVA was used as the statistical tool to analyse the data. This decision was taken after running the descriptive analysis of the dependent variables. According to the study's findings, family structure and their socioeconomic position, parenting, and upbringing affects pupils' academic achievements in secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Also, family structure affects parental support, class concentration, and the self-esteem of students. Additionally, there is a correlation between students' academic success in secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria and the family structure. The study findings indicate that the provision of basic needs (food, shelter, and clothing), mental wellbeing, adequate economic resources, harmony in the parents' relationship, and soundness of the parent-child relationship were significantly influencing the academic performance of students in secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria