Strong Immune System Research Articles

Atypical presentation of Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient: a case report and comprehensive literature review

Introduction: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a systemic disease that is marked by the presence of neoplastic lesions caused by Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infections. KS usually impacts people with weakened immune systems, although there have been a few cases of it occurring in individuals with normal immune function. Medical records and histopathological slides of the case were retrospectively reviewed. This work has been reported based on SCARE criteria {1} . Case presentation: A 51-year-old man from Palestine came in with a single, painless, purple growth on his left forearm that had been growing quickly for six months. The patient did not have a history of using immunosuppressants, HIV infection, or engaging in unconventional sexual practices. Histopathological examination confirmed nodular-stage KS, with positive HHV-8 immunostain. The lesion was excised without complications, and the patient remains under periodic follow-up. Discussion: KS typically manifests with multiple lesions in individuals with weakened immune systems. This case showcases a unique presentation in a patient with a strong immune system and no notable risk factors. Histopathological confirmation is necessary to differentiate between benign and infectious vascular lesions when considering the diagnosis of KS. The treatment approaches can differ depending on the extent of the lesion and the condition of the patient. Conclusion: this case emphasizes the significance of considering KS as a potential cause for solitary vascular lesions, even in people who have a healthy immune system. It also emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and personalized management.

Stat3-mediated Atg7 expression regulates anti-tumor immunity in mouse melanoma

Epigenetic modifications to DNA and chromatin control oncogenic and tumor-suppressive mechanisms in melanoma. Ezh2, the catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), can regulate both melanoma initiation and progression. We previously found that mutant Ezh2Y641F interacts with the immune regulator Stat3 and together they affect anti-tumor immunity. However, given the numerous downstream targets and pathways affected by Ezh2, many mechanisms that determine its oncogenic activity remain largely unexplored. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we further investigated the role of pathways downstream of Ezh2 in melanoma carcinogenesis and identified significant enrichment in several autophagy signatures, along with increased expression of autophagy regulators, such as Atg7. In this study, we investigated the effect of Atg7 on melanoma growth and tumor immunity within the context of a wild-type or Ezh2Y641F epigenetic state. We found that the Atg7 locus is controlled by multiple Ezh2 and Stat3 binding sites, Atg7 expression is dependent on Stat3 expression, and that deletion of Atg7 slows down melanoma cell growth in vivo, but not in vitro. Atg7 deletion also results in increased CD8 + T cells in Ezh2Y641F melanomas and reduced myelosuppressive cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in Ezh2WT melanomas, suggesting a strong immune system contribution in the role of Atg7 in melanoma progression. These findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic mutations, epigenetic regulators, and autophagy in shaping tumor immunity in melanoma.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive macrophage-mediated immunotherapeutic drug delivery

Immunotherapy, as a promising treatment strategy for cancer, has been widely employed in clinics, while its efficiency is limited by the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associate macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and play a crucial role in immune regulation. Herein, a M0-type macrophage-mediated drug delivery system (PR-M) was designed for carrying Toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonist-loaded nanoparticles. When TLR agonist R848 was released by responding to the TME, the PR-Ms were polarized from M0-type to M1-type and TAMs were also stimulated from M2-type to M1-type, which eventually reversed the immunosuppressive states of TME. By synergizing with the released R848 agonists, the PR-M significantly activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the TME and turned the ‘cold’ tumor into ‘hot’ tumor by regulating the secretion of cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-12, thus ultimately promoting the activation of antitumor immunity. In a colorectal cancer mouse model, the PR-M treatment effectively accumulated at the tumor site, with a 5.47-fold increase in M1-type and a 65.08 % decrease in M2-type, resulting in an 85.25 % inhibition of tumor growth and a 87.55 % reduction of tumor volume compared with the non-treatment group. Our work suggests that immune cell-mediated drug delivery systems can effectively increase drug accumulation at the tumor site and reduce toxic side effects, resulting in a strong immune system for tumor immunotherapy. Statement of significanceThe formation of TME and the activation of TAMs create an immunosuppressive network that allows tumor to escape the immune system and promotes its growth and spread. In this study, we designed an M0-type macrophage-mediated drug delivery system (PR-M). It leverages the synergistic effect of macrophages and agonists to improve the tumor immunosuppressive micro-environment by increasing M1-type macrophages and decreasing M2-type macrophages. As part of the treatment, the drug-loaded macrophages endowed the system with excellent tumor targeting. Furthermore, loading R848 into TME-responsive nanoparticles could protect macrophages and reduce the potential toxicity of agonists. Further investigations demonstrated that the designed PR-M could be a feasible strategy with high efficacy in tumor targeting, drug loading, autoimmunity activation, and lower side effects.

Urinary Tract Aspergillosis in a Child with Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction

Abstract Aspergillus spp. are fungi which are mostly nonpathogenic, but some species such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger can cause aspergillosis in humans. Aspergillosis can manifest as pulmonary or extrapulmonary infections, with respiratory involvement being common but infections in other body parts being rare. Urinary aspergillosis, an uncommon manifestation of Aspergillus infection, presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management due to its rarity and varied clinical presentations. It is seen in immunocompromised individuals, patients with underlying structural urinary tract abnormalities, or those undergoing invasive procedures. Here, we present a case of an 8-month-old child who presented with intermittent fever and increased urination since birth. The child underwent bilateral open pyeloplasty with double-J (DJ) stenting. A month later, the child returned with anuria, fever, and abdominal mass, leading to infected DJ stent removal and bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy. Despite antibiotic treatment, fever persisted. A fungal culture was done which showed growth of A. flavus. Liposomal amphotericin B was started for the patient after which he became afebrile, and all the fungal cultures done, thereafter, were negative. Urinary tract aspergillosis is rare, particularly among individuals with a strong immune system. Persistence of urinary tract symptoms despite antibiotic and medical therapy may raise the possibility of fungal infection such as urinary tract aspergillosis.

Experimental Studies on the Mineral Content of Solojo Flour and Protein Isolates from Two Varieties (DAS and BS) of Nigerian Cultivated Solojo Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp)

Studies on the Mineral Content of Solojo Flour and Protein Isolates from the two varieties (DAS and BS) of Nigeria cultivated solojo cowpeas were conducted to determine their nutritional value. These inorganic elements or minerals were classified into 3 categories, the ultra- trace minerals, which is the third category; the micro elements, also known as the trace minerals is the second category; while the first category are the macro elements, also known as major minerals. Some of the macro-elements are Ca, P, Na and Cl, the second category, micro-elements include, iron, copper, cobalt, potassium, magnesium, iodine, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, F, Cr, Se and S. Results show that the proportion of Sodium (Na) which is ingested into the body in the form of NaCl through food intake maintenance of body pH and to retain water ranged from 728.97 to 253.37 ppm (72.90 to 25.34 mg/100 g); 715.24 to 235.45 ppm; 735.28 to 270.37 ppm; 726.59 to 264.35ppm, for FFDAS, FFBS, DAS and BS respectively with all values of the germinated samples all bellow the control. While FFDAS iron content ranged from 4.25 to 13.50 mg/100 g; FFBS ranged from 3.15 to 12.56 mg/100 g; DAS ranged from 3.81 to 12.90 mg/100g; BS ranged from 3.42 to 9.40 mg/100 g. The values of the germinated flours were all greater than the ungerminated flour. Iron helps to transport oxygen round the body and also helps in red blood cells building and to convert food into needed energy by the body. While Manganese an element that is needed in micro quantity but necessary to convert food into energy, is also crucial for healthy bone and cartilage creation. Results also show that zinc quantity increased as germination proceeded and the values ranged from 38.80 ppm to 230.00 ppm (3.880 mg/100 g to 23.00 mg/100 g; 0.003880% to 0.0230%); 40.84 to 250.01 ppm; 32.85 to 93.41 ppm; 37.07 to 115.00 ppm, for FFDAS, FFBS, DAS and BS respectively. The Ca content improved significantly (p<0.05) with sprouting, the value extended from 250.56 ppm to 760.03 ppm (25.056 to 76.00 mg/100g or 0.0251 to 0.0760 %); 400.40 to 998.22 ppm; 116.87 to 195.69 ppm; 113.48 to 220.75 ppm, for FFDAS, FFBS, DAS and BS respectively. Zinc element although needed at the micro level in the body, is essential for a strong immune system to keep the body in good health. It is also crucial for the maintenance of a healthy sense of taste and odor, while Calcium is critical for strong bones and teeth, blood coagulation, and muscle tightening and relaxation. Magnesium is needed to build enzyme and antioxidants and also for healthy bones while Potassium is needed to maintain; water balance, muscle movement, and nerve impulses. It functions in conjuction with Na to regulate blood pressure.

Stat3-mediated Atg7 expression enhances anti-tumor immunity in melanoma.

Epigenetic modifications to DNA and chromatin control oncogenic and tumor suppressive mechanisms in melanoma. EZH2, the catalytic component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which mediates methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), can regulate both melanoma initiation and progression. We previously found that mutant Ezh2 Y641F interacts with the immune regulator Stat3 and together they affect anti-tumor immunity. However, given the numerous downstream targets and pathways affected by EZH2, many mechanisms that determine its oncogenic activity remain largely unexplored. Using genetically engineered mouse models we further investigated the role of pathways downstream of EZH2 in melanoma carcinogenesis and identified significant enrichment in several autophagy signatures, along with increased expression of autophagy regulators, such as Atg7. In this study, we investigated the effect of Atg7 on melanoma growth and tumor immunity within the context of an Ezh2 Y641F epigenetic state. We found that expression of Atg7 is largely dependent on Stat3 expression and that deletion of Atg7 slows down melanoma cell growth in vivo, but not in vitro. Atg7 deletion also results in increased CD8+ T cells and reduced myelosuppressive cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a strong immune system contribution in the role of Atg7 in melanoma progression. These findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic mutations, epigenetic regulators, and autophagy in shaping tumor immunity in melanoma.

Understanding the Importance of Balanced Nutrition: Steps to Optimal Health

This article underscores the importance of balanced nutrition as the foundation of optimal health in an era of modern lifestyles and varied diets. Proper nutrition contributes to physical and mental health, and prevents chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Understanding the essence of balanced nutrition is considered the first step towards optimal health. The proposed research methodology includes literature analysis, population surveys, and interviews with nutritionists to understand the understanding and implementation of balanced nutrition. The results are expected to generate practical guidelines to promote a balanced diet. Balanced nutrition is considered an important foundation for physical and mental health, supporting organ function, healthy growth, a strong immune system, and preventing chronic diseases. It is also important during the growing years of children and adolescents, and plays a role in mental health by reducing the risk of depression and anxiety. Overall, understanding and implementing balanced nutrition is expected to help individuals and communities build healthy and sustainable lifestyles, improving physical, mental health and productivity.

Pattern Of Breast Feeding, Weaning And Nutritional Status Of Under Five Children Of Working Mothers Of Bangladesh Armed Forces

Background: Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth, proper organ formation and function, a strong immune system, and neurological and cognitive development. The objective of the study is to assess the pattern of breast feeding, weaning and dietary behavior of under-five children of working mothers attended Child Welfare Centre (CWC), Malobika and Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at CWC, Malobika and Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka over a period of six months from July 2017 to December 2017. All under-five years old sick children of employed mothers of Bangladesh Armed Forces attended CWC Malobika and CMH, Dhaka were included in the study and mothers were the respondents. Total 130 children were selected purposively for the study. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences), version 25.0. The level of significance was set at 5% and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority (92.3%) of the children was nutritionally normal in terms Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Only 10(7.7%) children was malnourished; of them 6(4.6%) were severely malnourished and 4(3.1%) were moderately malnourished. In terms of Weight for Age Z score (WAZ) 3.1% were severe underweight and another 3.1% were moderate underweight. In terms of Height for Age Z score (HAZ), 5.4% were severely stunted and 6.2% were moderately stunted, while with respect to Weight for Height Z score (WHZ), 2.3% were severely wasted and 7.7% were moderately wasted. Conclusion: Nutritional status in children of working mothers of Armed Forces at Dhaka Garrison was high compared to the national figure. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 56 No (1) June 2023, pp 35-41

Exploring the Impact of Personalized Nutritional Approaches on Metabolism and Immunity: A Systematic Review of Various Nutrients and Dietary Patterns.

The systematic review investigates the impact of different nutrients and dietary patterns on metabolism and immunityto answer the research question: "Can personalized nutritional approaches boost immunity?" The importance of diet in supporting the immune system has come to light in today's environment, where a strong immune system is crucial for protection against infectious illnesses, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Four databases were screened for relevant data published in 2022-2023: PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were utilized, and 13 papers were finalized after screening and employing the quality appraisal tool Cochrane Bias assessment for randomized controlled trials (RCT). Personalized nutrition can strengthen immunity and enhance overall health by adjusting dietary recommendations and following a person's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and health state. An adequate supply of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fatty acidsas well as an optimum caloric intake are essential for immune health, and individual requirements can vary significantly due to genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions. Personalized nutrition considers these factors, enabling tailored dietary recommendations to address specific nutrient needs and optimize nutrient intake, leading to better health outcomes. The review concludes that personalized nutrition is more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach in boosting immunity, and its potential impact on health and immune function is highly important.

Host immune response, nutrition, and metabolism in <i>Schistosoma</i> parasite-host interactions

Human schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, is caused by a parasitic worm of the Schistosoma genus that resides in the veins of its host for many years. In parasite-host interactions, there is competition for survival between the parasite and its host because the parasite depends completely on the host for the maintenance of homeostasis. The host must protect itself from the harm caused by parasites in the process of obtaining food and shelter by attacking parasites with a strong immune defence system. Parasites have evolved strategies to survive in these unfavourable conditions created by the host. In this review, we examined the host immune response in Schistosoma parasite infection, the immune evasion mechanisms of Schistosoma parasites, nutrients, and the metabolic dependency of the parasite on the host.

How using light touch immersion research revealed important insights into the lack of progress in malaria elimination in Eastern Indonesia.

By 2022, the Government of Indonesia had successfully eliminated malaria in 389 out of 514 districts but continues to face a challenge in Eastern Indonesia where 95% of the total 2021 malaria cases were reported from Papua, West Papua and Nusa Tenggara Timur provinces. There is an increased recognition that malaria elimination will require a better understanding of the human behavioural factors hindering malaria prevention and treatment, informed by local context and local practice. This research used a light-touch immersion research approach. Field researchers lived in communities over several days to gather data through informal conversations, group-based discussions using visual tools, participant observation and direct experience. The study was conducted in four high malaria endemic areas in Papua, West Papua, and Sumba Islands in Nusa Tenggara Timur. The research highlights how people's perception of malaria has changed since the introduction of effective treatment which, in turn, has contributed to a casual attitude towards early testing and adherence to malaria treatment. It also confirms that people rarely accept there is a link between mosquitoes and malaria based on their experience but nevertheless take precautions against the annoyance of mosquitoes. There is widespread recognition that babies and small children, elderly and incomers are more likely to be seriously affected by malaria and separately, more troubled by mosquitoes than indigenous adult populations. This is primarily explained by acclimatization and strong immune systems among the latter. Using immersion research enabled behaviour research within a naturalistic setting, which in turn enabled experiential-led analysis of findings and revealed previously unrecognized insights into attitudes towards malaria in Eastern Indonesia. The research provides explanations of people's lack of motivation to consistently use bed nets, seek early diagnosis or complete courses of treatment. The felt concern for the wellbeing of vulnerable populations highlighted during light touch immersion provides an entry point for future social behaviour change communication interventions. Rather than trying to explain transmission to people who deny this connection, the research concludes that it may be better to focus separately on the two problems of malaria and mosquitoes (especially for vulnerable groups) thereby resonating with local people's own experience and felt concerns.

Immunomodulatory Phytocompounds from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) Against COVID-19

Withania somnifera is a famous medicinal plant. It is popularly known as Aswagandha. This plant has been in use in Ayurveda and Unani medicine for ages. The medicinal plant has immense medicinal properties. The plant is rich in potent medicinal phytocompounds. These phytocompounds are known to have potent antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory efficacies. Our immune system is the key player in n fighting back any kind of pathogeni attack on us. Withania somnifera extract and certain isolated phytocompounds from the plant are known to boost our immune system. Studies show that the mechanisms of immunomodulatory actions of the bioactive phytocompounds from Withania somnifera are by affecting the various cellular signaling pathways. These primarily involve the signaling pathways associated with the receptors present on the vital immune cells like the dendritic cells, T-cells and B-cells. Thus, some of the compounds of Withania suppress or activate certain components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Unlike synthetic adjuvants, the natural plant derived phytocompounds and their derivatives, as those from the Withania sp. are free from such risk factors. A strong immune system is the best possession to fight back invasions by microbes like bacteria and viruses like the SARS-CoV-2. Detailed and compact knowledge of the compounds from Withania sp. and their mechanism of modulating and impacting our immune system may make the ways for development of new supportive therapies against almost all different types of diseases including COVID 19.

Benefits of Medicinal Plants in Boosting Immunity against Viral Infections Including COVID-19

<p>Background: Medicinal plants can be beneficial for boosting immunity against viral infections by inducing immune functions, antiviral activity, and immunomodulatory effects, and serving as potential alternative therapies. These benefits make them an important resource for managing viral diseases, including COVID-19. Millions of people in more than 200 countries are faced with health emergencies because of this viral disease. However, some allopathic medicines are being used to moderate the negative health impacts of coronavirus on human beings. Although many therapeutic drug candidates have reached phase 3 trials, due to a lack of sufficient clinical data and large randomized trials, none has been approved yet. </p> <p> Methods: We have employed databases, like Google Scholar, Research Gate, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, etc., for the literature review using keywords, like medicinal plants, antiviral activity, COVID-19, etc. Medicinal properties of some plants have been considered in the present study, especially those possessing anti-viral properties. Also, the antiviral potential of some phytoconstituents against COVID-19 has also been discussed. </p> <p> Results: In the present article, therapeutic properties of numerous plants [e.g., Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi), Vitex trifolia L. (Nirgundi), Crocus sativus L. (Saffron or Kesar), etc.] have been thoroughly discussed against viral infections, including COVID-19. Several medicinal plants have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects, which can help regulate the immune system and improve its response to viral infections. They can be used as a primary preventive measure during home quarantine to improve immunity and provide protection against viral infections. A strong immune system can help protect against infections, provide faster recovery from infections, prevent chronic diseases, and improve overall health and well-being. </p> <p> Conclusion: This review article might be valuable for conducting future research for developing medicines against infectious diseases, like COVID-19. Medicinal plants could be useful for the pharmaceutical industries to minimize the impact of various viral infections, such as COVID-19. </p>

Early life antibiotic exposure and inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to affect millions of people worldwide and is primarily caused due to abnormal due to abnormal immune responses to intestinal microbes. IBD is primarily categorized under two main types – ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Although the cause of IBD is still an unsolved puzzle, its development can be attributed to the presence of various risk factors including antibiotic use. The intestinal immune system is the point of genesis of IBD and anything that creates an imbalance can trigger IBD. Alterations in the gut microbiota can lead to reduced microbial populations and lead a chronic inflammation state. Antibiotics may influence microbial maturity and can hamper the formation of a strong immune system. This makes an individual vulnerable to the threat of infections and subsequent development of a chronic inflammation state. Studies have implicated that the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, antepartum, and among neonates is associated with the development of IBD. Adequate development of the microbial niche takes place within the first 2 years of life and extensive administration of antibiotics during this period can pose a significant risk for the development of IBD. Animal studies have also documented the role of in utero antibiotic exposure during the antepartum period and the subsequent risk of developing IBD in the offspring. This review summarizes the role of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and infancy in the development of IBD.

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus among hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city

Epstein-Barr virus infection has a significant global impact on adults. In individuals with a strong immune system, the infection usually remains inactive and is effectively controlled. However, for those with compromised immune systems like hemodialysis patients, the virus can lead to severe illnesses that endanger lives. This study aims to evaluate the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus in hemodialysis patients and explore potential connections between the prevalence of these antibodies, the duration of dialysis (whether exceeding or less than one year), and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions. The research carried out in Kirkuk city encompassed 91 individuals undergoing hemodialysis and a control group of 50 individuals. Blood serum samples were collected from all participants in the study and subjected to analysis using the ELISA technique. The recent findings revealed that among hemodialysis patients, the prevalence of EBV IgM/IgG antibodies was 7.6% and 42.8% respectively, while in the control group, these values were 0% and 8%. The presence of EBV IgM and IgG antibodies showed a notable correlation with the younger age group. No statistically significant differences were noted concerning the patients' gender. Notably, EBV IgM levels were elevated in patients undergoing dialysis for over a year (71.4%), displaying significant divergence with a p-value of 0.015. The prevalence of Epstein Barr virus was higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group. Additionally, the occurrence of acute EBV infection showed a strong association with the duration of dialysis and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions.

Development of Breathable, Environmentally and Human-Friendly Cloth Mask That Meets Thermal Comfort Conditions and A Continuous Machine That Enables Industrial Production of This Mask

Ever-changing viruses that have threatened human health from past to present have greatly changed people's lifestyles. The most important precaution in infectious diseases is hygiene. Although hygiene is important in epidemics, the use of masks is the most effective method of protection in respiratory diseases. Since epidemic and infectious diseases remain stable in the incubation phase in people who do not have chronic diseases and have a strong immune system, these people without symptoms of the disease can be carriers. In addition, masks are used as protective equipment to prevent occupational diseases that may occur in sectors such as textiles. For this reason, within the scope of the study, it is suitable for multi-use with the use of sustainable class A natural raw materials, which prevents the formation of bacteria in all social areas even if there are no symptoms of disease, provides comfort with its coolness and soft structure, provides thermal comfort conditions for long-term use with its antistatic feature. It is aimed to develop an environmentally friendly cloth mask and a continuous system that performs serial pleating and ironing processes that will accelerate its industrial production.

Health Implications from the HIIT-Caused Alteration of Gut Microbiota

The term "gut microbiota" usually refers to various microorganisms that coexist in the colon and other regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These microorganisms are necessary for the digestion and breakdown of food, the production of certain vitamins, and the preservation of a strong immune system. Simultaneously, high-intensity interview training (HIIT) has been found to have several ways of changing gut microbiotas. Exploring the relationship between HIIT-caused alterations of gut microbiotas would be beneficial to the guidance of further application of exercise science. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the impact caused by HIIT on gut microbiota and its potential health implications. HIIT-induced alterations in the gut microbiota may help prevent and treat illnesses including obesity, psychological issues, and metabolism. As a potential regulator of the makeup of the gut microbiota, HIIT appears to have important health implications. For the purpose of creating novel techniques to advance general health and resist a variety of potential risks to health, understanding the complex interaction between HIIT and the gut microbiota holds promise.

Self-Destructive Copper Carriers Induce Pyroptosis and Cuproptosis for Efficient Tumor Immunotherapy Against Dormant and Recurrent Tumors.

Activating the strong immune system is a key initiative to counteract dormant tumors and prevent recurrence. Herein, self-destructive and multienzymatically active copper-quinone-GOx nanoparticles (abbreviated as CQG NPs) have been designed to induce harmonious and balanced pyroptosis and cuproptosis using the "Tai Chi mindset" to awaken the immune response for suppressing dormant and recurrent tumors. This cleverly designed material can disrupt the antioxidant defense mechanism of tumor cells by inhibiting the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) signaling pathway. Furthermore, combined with its excellent multienzyme activity, it activates NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis. Meanwhile, cuproptosis can be triggered by copper ions released from the self-destructive disintegration of CQG NPs and the sensitivity of cancer cells to cuproptosis is enhanced through the depletion of endogenous copper chelators via the Michael addition reaction between glutathione (GSH) and quinone ligand, oxygen production from catalase-like reaction, and starvation-induced glucose deficiency. More importantly, CQG NPs-induced pyroptosis and cuproptosis can promote immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, enhance the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, and activate robust systemic immunity. Collectively, this study provides a new strategy to resist tumor dormancy, prevent tumor recurrence, and improve the clinical prognosis of tumors.

Selection of Herbal Plants to Increase the Human Body's Immunity Using the Weighted Product Method

This research aims to evaluate and select the most effective herbal plants in improving the human immune system using the Weighted Product method. A strong immune system is very important to protect the human body from various infections and diseases. In this study, we collected data on various herbal properties relevant to immune enhancement, such as active compound content, safety, availability, and cost. The Weighted Product method is used to calculate the relative score for each herbal plant based on existing criteria. The results showed that several herbal plants had high scores and were identified as potential options for improving the human immune system. In addition, this research also provides information about factors that need to be considered in selecting herbal plants, including cost, availability, and relative effectiveness. These findings can help individuals and health professionals in choosing the most suitable herbal plants to strengthen their immune system. This research makes an important contribution to efforts to improve human health and quality of life through the effective use of herbal plants.

Beneficial role of healthy eating Index-2015 score & physical activity on COVID-19 outcomes

BackgroundNutritional status and physical activity are essential to maintain a strong immune system. No definite pharmacological strategies for Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment are presently available, so natural enhancement of the immune system is in need. Our goal was to assess the correlation of healthy diet and physical activity on COVID-19 disease outcome.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted on 68 adult patients who contracted mild (38) or moderate [30] cases of COVID-19, recruited via a convenience sampling technique from the outpatient clinic, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospital. Patients’ Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and degree of physical activity as measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire were evaluated and linked with several inflammatory markers.ResultsMost of patients with mild COVID-19 patients (92.1%) were physically active, compared to only 50% of moderate COVID-19. The total Metabolic Equivalent Task-min/week was positively correlated with the lymphocyte percentage. The median total HEI score was significantly higher in the patients with mild COVID-19 than with moderate COVID. Significant positive correlations observed among the lymphocyte count and total HEI-2015. There was approximately a 64% reduction in the probability of acquiring moderate COVID-19 illness for each unit rise in The HEI.ConclusionHealthier nutrition and Physical activity correlated with reduced COVID-19 disease severity.Trial registrationThe study was registered on clinical trial.gov maintained by the US National Library of Medicine (CinicalTrials.gov identifier = NCT04447144; https://clinicaltrials.gov/) (25/06/2020).