Atypical presentation of Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient: a case report and comprehensive literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a systemic disease that is marked by the presence of neoplastic lesions caused by Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infections. KS usually impacts people with weakened immune systems, although there have been a few cases of it occurring in individuals with normal immune function. Medical records and histopathological slides of the case were retrospectively reviewed. This work has been reported based on SCARE criteria {1} . Case presentation: A 51-year-old man from Palestine came in with a single, painless, purple growth on his left forearm that had been growing quickly for six months. The patient did not have a history of using immunosuppressants, HIV infection, or engaging in unconventional sexual practices. Histopathological examination confirmed nodular-stage KS, with positive HHV-8 immunostain. The lesion was excised without complications, and the patient remains under periodic follow-up. Discussion: KS typically manifests with multiple lesions in individuals with weakened immune systems. This case showcases a unique presentation in a patient with a strong immune system and no notable risk factors. Histopathological confirmation is necessary to differentiate between benign and infectious vascular lesions when considering the diagnosis of KS. The treatment approaches can differ depending on the extent of the lesion and the condition of the patient. Conclusion: this case emphasizes the significance of considering KS as a potential cause for solitary vascular lesions, even in people who have a healthy immune system. It also emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and personalized management.