Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus among hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus infection has a significant global impact on adults. In individuals with a strong immune system, the infection usually remains inactive and is effectively controlled. However, for those with compromised immune systems like hemodialysis patients, the virus can lead to severe illnesses that endanger lives. This study aims to evaluate the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus in hemodialysis patients and explore potential connections between the prevalence of these antibodies, the duration of dialysis (whether exceeding or less than one year), and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions. The research carried out in Kirkuk city encompassed 91 individuals undergoing hemodialysis and a control group of 50 individuals. Blood serum samples were collected from all participants in the study and subjected to analysis using the ELISA technique. The recent findings revealed that among hemodialysis patients, the prevalence of EBV IgM/IgG antibodies was 7.6% and 42.8% respectively, while in the control group, these values were 0% and 8%. The presence of EBV IgM and IgG antibodies showed a notable correlation with the younger age group. No statistically significant differences were noted concerning the patients' gender. Notably, EBV IgM levels were elevated in patients undergoing dialysis for over a year (71.4%), displaying significant divergence with a p-value of 0.015. The prevalence of Epstein Barr virus was higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group. Additionally, the occurrence of acute EBV infection showed a strong association with the duration of dialysis and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions.