Strengthening Of Cooperation Research Articles

КОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ РОССИИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

Topical aspects of confessional and cultural interaction in the political space of Russia are considered. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the main confessions in the political and legal space of Russia, the forms of their interaction with the state and among themselves are indicated. As a result of the analysis the conclusion about the need of further development and strengthening of cooperation between religious organizations in terms of counteracting the negative phenomena in society is made.

Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Poverty Reduction in Countries along the Route

Poverty reduction is an important driving force for the global realization of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the building of a global community with a shared future for mankind. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a quasi‐natural experiment. Based on the panel data of 134 countries in the world from 2000 to 2018, this paper uses the difference‐in‐difference (DID) model to examine the impact of the BRI on poverty reduction in countries along the route and to study its internal mechanism from the dual perspectives of trade openness and investment openness. The results show that (1) the BRI can significantly reduce the incidence of poverty with the impact coefficient stable at −0.26, and the empirical conclusion has passed the parallel test, placebo test, and instrumental variable test; (2) the mediating effect test model shows that the BRI can achieve poverty reduction through the dual openness of trade and investment, and the intermediary effect of trade openness is greater than investment openness; and (3) from the perspective of heterogeneity analysis, geographically, the BRI has a slightly higher role in promoting poverty reduction in landlocked countries than in coastal countries. In terms of economic location, the effect of poverty reduction has a certain “pro‐poverty” characteristic, that is, the BRI promotes poverty reduction in low‐ and middle‐income countries far more than other types of income countries. Therefore, we believe that the continuous deepening of the BRI high‐quality construction and the strengthening of cooperation among countries along the route will play a key role in promoting the international cycle of trade, investment, and other factors, as well as the cause of poverty reduction in the region and the world.

Interoperacyjność unijnych systemów informacyjnych – narzędzie wykorzystywane w zwalczaniu terroryzmu i poważnej przestępczości transgranicznej (część I)

Terrorism and cross-border crimes are complex and diversified problems. They are one of the most se rious threats to the modern world, both nationally and internationally. The Act on the Police contains the major tasks of this formation, namely: “To cooperate with foreign police forces and their international or ganisations, as well as European Union bodies and institutions, on the basis of international agreements and treaties and separate regulations” and “The Police also carry out tasks resulting from the legislation of European Union as well as international agreements and arrangements on the rules and within the scope specified therein”. In order to carry out statutory tasks, police officers at home and in the world work on the basis of information which is collected and processed in various types of files, registers, collections or databases. This information is exchanged among authorised authorities at home and in the world. This cooperation is aimed at preventing, detecting and combating the most dangerous crime, in particular, terrorism and organised cross-border crime. The latter became very real when controls at the internal borders of the European Union were abolished, through the creation of the Schengen area. From the beginning of the launch of the Schengen area, it has been realised that security within the area and external border management would require a need to create and implement IT systems whose task would be to support the above-mentioned activities. The abolition of border controls and increased migration flows in Europe are conducive to developing cross-border and terrorist crime. Awareness and experi ence related to the materialisation of the above-mentioned threats initiated strengthening of cooperation among the individual countries of the globe. Strengthening of cooperation became possible following the creation and launch of large-scale information systems, namely: Schengen Information System (SIS), Eurodac, Visa Information System (VIS), Entry/Exit System (EES) and European criminal records infor mation system - third country nationals (ECRIS-TCN). In this part of the publication, in view of the exten sive nature of the issue, only SIS and VIS systems have been described, however, I encourage you to enhance your knowledge about other large-scale systems, i.e. Eurodac, Entry/Exit, ECRIS-TCN and the issue related to their interoperability.

Interoperacyjność unijnych systemów informacyjnych – narzędzie wykorzystywane w zwalczaniu terroryzmu i poważnej przestępczości transgranicznej (część I)

Terrorism and cross-border crimes are complex and diversified problems. They are one of the most serious threats to the modern world, both nationally and internationally. The Act on the Police contains the major tasks of this formation, namely: “To cooperate with foreign police forces and their international organisations, as well as European Union bodies and institutions, on the basis of international agreements and treaties and separate regulations” and “The Police also carry out tasks resulting from the legislation of European Union as well as international agreements and arrangements on the rules and within the scope specified therein”. In order to carry out statutory tasks, police officers at home and in the world work on the basis of information which is collected and processed in various types of files, registers, collections or databases. This information is exchanged among authorised authorities at home and in the world. This cooperation is aimed at preventing, detecting and combating the most dangerous crime, in particular, terrorism and organised cross-border crime. The latter became very real when controls at the internal borders of the European Union were abolished, through the creation of the Schengen area. From the beginning of the launch of the Schengen area, it has been realised that security within the area and external border management would require a need to create and implement IT systems whose task would be to support the above-mentioned activities. The abolition of border controls and increased migration flows in Europe are conducive to developing cross-border and terrorist crime. Awareness and experience related to the materialisation of the above-mentioned threats initiated strengthening of cooperation among the individual countries of the globe. Strengthening of cooperation became possible following the creation and launch of large-scale information systems, namely: Schengen Information System (SIS), Eurodac, Visa Information System (VIS), Entry/Exit System (EES) and European criminal records information system - third country nationals (ECRIS-TCN). In this part of the publication, in view of the extensive nature of the issue, only SIS and VIS systems have been described, however, I encourage you to enhance your knowledge about other large-scale systems, i.e. Eurodac, Entry/Exit, ECRIS-TCN and the issue related to their interoperability.

МОЖЕТ ЛИ КИТАЙ ПОМОЧЬ РОССИИ ПРЕОДОЛЕТЬ САНКЦИОННОЕ ДАВЛЕНИЕ ЗАПАДА

China's support for Russia in its confrontation with Western countries in the form of verbal interventions is obvious. Russian business also expected the strengthening of cooperation with its eastern neighbor in the financial, technological and trade areas. However, the development of interaction in these areas is not so pronounced. The article analyzes the development of bilateral cooperation after the start of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine in the field of trade, finance, logistics, energy and technology.

ПРЕПОДАВАНИЕ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В РГГУ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКО-АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

The article deals with issues related to the experience of teaching the Azerbaijani language at the Russian State University for the Humanities in the context of the development of Russian-Azerbaijani relations. The authors highlight the key areas of cooperation between Russia and Azerbaijan, paying special attention to the humanitarian sphere. They consider in detail the scientific and educational activity of the Institute of Post-Soviet and Interregional Studies of the Russian State University for the Humanities, which contributes to the strengthening of bilateral ties at the highest level. A significant part of the article is concerned with the peculiarities of the Azerbaijani language and the main methods of its teaching. The authors also emphasize the need to use high-quality educational and methodological materials during the teaching process. As an example, the manual “Azerbaijani for Beginners” is given. This manual contains various educational materials, tasks, texts and an Azerbaijani-Russian dictionary. In the final part of the article, the authors emphasize that the prospects for learning the Azerbaijani language in Russia depend on various factors. They come to the conclusion that the study of the Azerbaijani language in Russia is one of the important factors contributing to the strengthening of cooperation in the scientific and educational sphere. In turn, economic cooperation and the strengthening of humanitarian and cultural contacts open up wide opportunities for further popularization of the Azerbaijani language and culture in Russia.

Relevant trends in the formation of a single legal space in the Arctic region in the sphere of environmental protection and conservation of biodiversity of the region

The circumpolar location of the Arctic region and the unity of its natural environment substantiates the need for the formation of unified approaches towards its protection, which is complicated by the differences in the legal systems of the Arctic Council member-states. Moreover, a growing number of non-Arctic countries claim to implement their scientific, economic or other activities in the region, which necessitates the creation of a single legal regime aimed at environmental protection in the region. Despite the negative changes in environmental situation of the Artic that took place in recent decades, the region still has the unique potential of flora and fauna resources, the conservation of which is one of the priority tasks. With regard to the living resources of the Arctic, the formation of unified approaches in the legislation of the Arctic states towards their conservation and use should be carried out in several directions, among which is the legal protection of ecosystems and individual species, rational use of natural resources and traditional natural resource management of the indigenous population, development of the comprehensive system of environmental monitoring, and control over the advancement of Arctic tourism. Despite certain difficulties that currently exist on the intergovernmental level, the problems of environmental protection of the Arctic zone, the solution of which due to its circumpolar location and single natural space determines the sustainable development of the Arctic Council member-states, would contribute to strengthening of cooperation and adoption of concerted decisions, including on the legislative level and formation of a single legal space in the region in the indicated sphere.

Domestic Violence and its Impact upon Reproductive Health during Corona Virus Pandemic among Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad City - Iraq

Violence is widespread, affects women of all cultures globally, breeds in silence, it is an important cause of physical, psychological reproductive health problems.Method:A cross sectional design was utilized to assess the types domestic violence and it's impacts of upon reproductive health during corona virus pandemic among women attending primary health care centers in Baghdad City - IraqA non-probability sample of (150) women who expose to violence was selected during the period from 26th Jun to 18th Mar. 2021. Data was collected by filling out the questionnaire, and the validity and reliability were determined through the pilot study, and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in analyzing the data.Results:The results of the study revealed that most of the study sample were subjected to hitting (86%) and slapping (83%) during their daily lives, controlling their behavior (90%) and abuse or the use of force during sexual relations (75%), while preventing them from using some social networking sites(84%). According to the R/S, the result was psychosocial violence was high level, and physical and electronic violence was medium level, while sexual violence was low level, The study finding indicated that all study samples suffer from at least one impact of domestic violence on them during childbearing age, but most of the study sample considered psychosocial violence to be the most influential on their lives than others. The study recommends that women will be screened for any type of domestic violence during childbearing age. Incorporating domestic violence topics into education curricula, using social media, the availability of health services, and supporting the strengthening of cooperation between social agencies, justice and the police through law enforcement and research to promote and protect women's rights.

Sexual Domestic Violence Impact upon Reproductive Health during COVID-19 Pandemic among Women at Baghdad City

Background: Sexual violence is widespread, affects women of all cultures globally, breeds in silence, and finds legitimacy through cultural norms. Proprietors are partners, husbands, family, and friends. It may be domestic violence (DV), sexual (SV), a serious violation of women’s rights as human beings. It is an important cause of physical, psychological and sexual reproductive health problems. Aims of the study: the aim is assessing domestic sexual violence on women's reproductive health during the coronavirus pandemic. Methodology: A descriptive analytical study was conducted on women exposed to physical domestic violence. Non Probabilistic Intentional sample of (150) of women exposed to violence by a member of her family through the questionnaire for the period of 26th Jun to 28th Feb, 2020. The information was collected by filling out the questionnaire, and the validity and reliability were determined through the exploratory study, and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in analyzing the data. Results: The result of the study showed that the highest percentage (79.4%) of the study sample members ranged in was at age group (20 to 34) years, most of whom were housewives, three- quarters of the study sample had a low educational level, and half of the study sample had a low socioeconomic status, and that the number of births ranging (2-5) children and more. Conclusion: The results indicated that two-thirds of the study sample suffers of impact sexual domestic violence on them during childbearing age. Recommendations: The study recommends that women be screened for any type of domestic violence during childbearing age. Incorporating domestic violence topics into education curricula, using social media, the availability of health services, and supporting the strengthening of cooperation between social agencies, justice and the police through law enforcement and research to promote and protect women's rights.

Features of the Digital Economy Development in the EAEU Countries

The most important factor of the global economy development is its digitalization. The degree of introduction of technologies determines the overall level of national economy competitiveness. In this context, the research studies modern approaches to the definition of the digital economy and analyzes the digital economy development of the Eurasian Economic Union (the EAEU) countries. Therefore, the article, first, characterizes the features and challenges of the digital economy as a new socio-economic system. Second, it investigates the development of digital economy in the EAEU countries by analyzing the statistical data and indices and identifies the potential of the EAEU countries in this field. Specifically, a rating assessment is made based on the E-Government Development Index, the E-participation Index, the ICT Development Index, the Network Readiness Index, and the Global Cybersecurity Index. The research has showed that there are currently conditions for the development of the digital economy of the EAEU countries and the strengthening of cooperation between them in this field. The advantages of Russia are not total, and Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia have the best result in a number of indicators among the EAEU countries. In 2017 the “Main Directions for Implementing the Digital Agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union Until 2025” were approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council. This document includes the following directions: digital transformation of economic sectors and cross-sectoral transformation, digital transformation of the goods markets, services, capital and labor, digital transformation of management processes by integration processes, the development of digital infrastructure and ensuring the security of digital processes. In addition, a number of projects aimed at creating a single digital space are being implemented. This article extends the knowledge about the digital economy development of the EAEU countries, their potential in this area in terms of the implementation of the joint digital agenda.

Russia Trade with Africa: The Current State of Affairs

Russia is strengthening its geopolitical influence. An example of this is the holding of the first Russia-Africa summit and economic forum in Sochi in October 2019. This event showed how important Africa is for Russia and how important Russia is for Africa. It was an epoch-making event that demonstrated to the world the degree of Russian-African mutual interest.With what has Russia approached this event and how will economic cooperation develop? This work is devoted to this. The article deals with the issues of mutual trade between Russia and African countries. The main African trade agents of the Russian Federation in recent years have been identified. The state of trade between Russia and African countries has been analyzed, according to which the indicators have grown significantly due to the increase in the volume of Russian exports to African countries. This, especially in the context of solving the import substitution program and developing new markets, is extremely promising, since the African market is large and Russian goods are competitive on it, which opens up new opportunities for increasing trade and cooperation.The main export and import positions have been determined. According to the study, it is necessary to revise export positions on the part of Russia, in particular, the transition from the fuel and energy direction to industrial goods, the provision of services and new technologies. Diversification of African exports is also necessary, by increasing the added value of goods, a transition to the industrialization of production and the use of high technologies.In this regard, the most promising seems to be the strengthening of cooperation between Russia and Africa in the direction of increasing the volume of trade, promoting Russian education, high technologies, services, medicine, increasing investment in the fuel and energy complex of African countries, cooperation in agriculture, fish farming, construction, water purification and other mutually beneficial directions. This will strengthen the positions of Russia and Africa as leading players in the world arena and will serve to strengthen the polycentric world order.

United States security cooperation with Kenya in the second decade of the 21st century

The subject of the paper is the cooperation of the United States with Kenya in the area of security in the second decade of the 21st century. The introduction contains the methodological assumptions of the paper and a synthetic historical background. The first section of the paper covers the theoretical framework. The second section outlines the increase of the United States’ strategic involvement in Africa, including East Africa, in the 21st century. The third section discusses the joint efforts of the US and Kenya in combating terrorism and piracy. The fourth section is devoted to US training and development assistance for the Kenyan security sector. The considerations are carried out within the framework of the postcolonial current of the theory of international relations. During the research, the method of analyzing text sources was used. The main thesis of the paper assumes that although Africa, including Kenya, was not a particularly important area of strategic interest of the United States, these countries had significant common security interests and undertook cooperation to implement them. First of all, it concerned counteracting international terrorism, but also the general stabilization of East Africa. In the future, the importance of East Africa in American politics might systematically increase, both in the area of economy and security, which will entail further strengthening of cooperation between the US and Kenya.

The effect of home quarantine in light of the Corona pandemic on (positive and negative) thinking among academics at Palestine Ahliya University: تأثير الحجر المنزلي في ظل جائحة كورونا على التفكير (الإيجابي والسلبي) لدى الأكاديميين في جامعة فلسطين الأهلية

The study aimed to identify the effect of home quarantine in light of the Corona pandemic on thinking among academics at the Private University of Palestine, and to reveal the existence of differences between the sample members according to variables: (gender, Years of service, college, place of residence). The study followed the descriptive and analytical approach. The sample of the study consisted of (66) faculty members working at the university in all colleges of the university, and the questionnaire was used to collect data. The results of the study indicated that there is an average effect of home quarantine in light of the Corona pandemic on thinking (positive and negative), and the results showed that there are no significant differences in the effect of home quarantine in light of the Corona pandemic on thinking from the point of view of academics, regardless of their gender and duration of service and regardless of the college that They work and where they live. The study came up with several recommendations, the most important of which are: (Urging the faculty members at the university to use the home quarantine to promote positive thinking by transforming the ordeal into a grant, the good and efficient use of time during the home quarantine through the work of research and scientific studies, and the strengthening of cooperation and social communication among colleagues at the university).

Synergistic alloying effects on nanoscale precipitation and mechanical properties of ultrahigh-strength steels strengthened by Ni3Ti, Mo-enriched, and Cr-rich co-precipitates

The synergistic effects of Mo, Ti, and Cr on nanoscale precipitation and mechanical properties of maraging stainless steels were systematically studied using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography (APT), thermodynamic and first-principles calculations, and mechanical tests. Our results reveal a notable precipitation pathway involving the co-precipitation of Ni3Ti, Mo-enriched, and Cr-rich precipitates; their formations are not separated, but rather highly interacted. The APT results indicate that Mo partitions to the Ni3Ti precipitate core in the early stage of precipitation, which doubles the number density of Ni3Ti precipitates. Our calculations indicate that the Mo partitioning not only increases the chemical driving force, but also reduces the strain energy for nucleation, thereby accelerating Ni3Ti precipitation. As the precipitation proceeds, Mo atoms are rejected from the Ni3Ti precipitate core to the interface between the Ni3Ti precipitates and matrix, which leads to the heterogeneous nucleation of Mo-enriched precipitates on the outer surface of the Ni3Ti precipitates. This results in a substantial size refinement of Mo-enriched precipitates. In addition, the formation of Ni3Ti precipitates consumes Ni from the matrix, which substantially inhibits the spinodal decomposition and refines the size of Cr-rich precipitates. The cooperative strengthening of Ni3Ti, Mo-enriched, and Cr-rich co-precipitates leads to the development of new steels with a strength of 1.8 GPa; the contributions of these precipitates to the strengthening were quantitatively evaluated in terms of precipitate shearing and Orowan dislocation looping mechanisms.

Military Aspect of Evolution of the Euro-Atlantic Relationships during the Second Presidential Term of Barack Obama (2013—2017): the Factor of Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian factor for the changes within the Euro-Atlantic military relationships during Barack Obama’s second presidential term. That was highlighted by the strengthening of the cooperation within NATO as a responsive reaction of the USA and EU to the Russian-Ukrainian events in 2014. It is noted that in a post-bipolar world NATO was lacking raison d'être due to the dissolution of the USSR. Consequently, the tendency to the political-military regionalization had significantly increased within the transatlantic alliance. These tendencies had been reflected in different approaches of the leading NATO countries towards Russia in the early 2000s. It is also highlighted that since early 2010s the prerequisites for the future deterioration of the relationships between the USA and Russia and the EU and Russia were formed. Thus, the foundation for the future improvement of the transatlantic military relations was formed, for which the Ukrainian crisis is appeared to be a turning point because it caused the changes in a post-Cold War European security system. In order to identify the consistent patterns in this process the historical-genetic method was applied. The content analysis method has been used to demonstrate changes in the conceptual design of military-political relations based on official documents and statements. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that the previous works on this issue mainly analyzed changes in bilateral relations within the US — Russia and the EU — Russia frames. However, due attention was not paid to the influence of the Russian factor on the changes for the bilateral US — EU relations. Changing the perspective of analysis allowed us to get a new look, as well as attract new foreign sources and literature. The author concludes that during the second presidential term of B. Obama, NATO de facto had a raison d'être for presence in Europe, which contributed to a significant strengthening of the military-political cooperation of Euro-Atlantic relations.

ЖУРНАЛ «ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ И ТОРГОВЛЯ» – ВЕДУЩИЙ ПЕЧАТНЫЙ ОРГАН РОССИЙСКОГО БИЗНЕСА (1908–1918 гг.)

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the journal «Industry and Trade» as the leading mouthpiece of Russian business in the period from 1908 to 1918. It is stressed that All-Russian business organization the Congresses of representatives of Industry and Trade is created in 1906 and the magazine «Industry and Trade» is its printing body. The article is concerned with the main stages and directions of the journal's activity. It is shown that the main function of this mouthpiece is to strengthen the influence of entrepreneurship on economic processes in the country, on the development of the government economic policy, to promote the unification of members of society and strengthening of cooperation between other institutions of the emerging civil society. In conclusion, it should be noted that the lobbying practice of the new union is reflected in the pages of the publication.

The geopolitical risks and prospects for Russia-Western relations in the Baltic region

The article presents a conceptual vision of existing and future geopolitical risks and prospects for Russia-Western relations in the Baltic region. Emphasis is placed on relations with countries belonging to the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO). Existing and future relations are considered within several important geopolitical and geostrategic tracks: Russia-NATO and Russia-EU, as well as bilateral relations with key global and regional actors. The most complex and turbulent relations are those between Russia and the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO). As the analytical basis of the research, the evolution of key strategic documents of Russia, including the strategy of national security of the Russian Federation in 2000–2020 was analyzed. Geopolitical scenarios of relations between Russia and the West in the Baltic region, including the conflict potential in the so-called “gray zone” located in the buffer zone between Russia and European countries, were shown. It is concluded that there are only two scenarios and associated geopolitical risks — the destruction or consolidation of the “gray zone” between Russia and the West, NATO expansion, the strengthening of cooperation between neutral countries and NATO up to joining, an armed conflict between Russia and NATO on the territory of third countries, an armed conflict between Russia and NATO on the territory of one of the NATO countries. For the Baltic region, the most sensitive areas are the following: Kaliningrad region, “Suvalki Corridor” zone, Belarus, Eastern Estonia, Latgale. In our study, we emphasize that the existing complex geopolitical background and tensions in relations between Russia and the West have created conditions for seeking new partners and allies, as well as strengthening and diversifying relations with proven and reliable partners. One of the key and traditional partners, and now allies, we see as China, which has a special interest in entering European markets and expanding its geopolitical influence in Central and Eastern Europe, including the Baltic region.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ПЛАТФОРМ НА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЮ МИРОВОЙ ФИНАНСОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The article describes the main trends in the growth and spread of digital platforms and platform-based companies, as well as identifies the reasons and factors for their penetration into the financial sector. The sector of digital payments based on platforms is analyzed. It also emphasizes the impact of the infor-mation system on changing the traditional functions of money and the form of money in the future, as well as on the role of large technology companies and their potential. Analyzing various expectations regarding the development of digital platforms in the world, the essence of the ongoing changes and their various conse-quences for the global financial system, and the central role of Asia in general and China in particular, were identified. The purpose of the study is to study the various impacts of digital platforms on the global financial system, identify problems and propose solutions to overcome them. the object of research is the global finan-cial system. the subject of research is the economic relations between its subjectsThe article proves the rev-olutionary impact of digital platforms on the changes taking place in the system that will shape our new world, and emphasizes the strengthening of cooperation between different sectors in one country or between the state and other countries.

Strengthening of seaweed business institutions through cooperatives in Bulukumba Regency, Indonesia

Cooperatives are one of the supporting sectors for the economy based on a people's economy. Therefore, cooperatives can function well, if there is the institutional strengthening of cooperatives in them, especially regarding seaweed cooperative institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential and strategies for strengthening seaweed business institutions through cooperatives. The method was using qualitative approach method using SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that the potential for strengthening the economic institutions of seaweed farmers through cooperatives is quite large through the main strategies: Increasing the quantity & quality of production through increasing the area of seaweed cultivation; Developing partnership; Capital accumulation through the addition of cooperative members; implementing innovation; and implementing priority scale.

Research on an Enterprise Remanufacturing Strategy Based on Government Intervention

Due to rapid economic development and population growth, environmental pollution problems such as urban pollution and depletion of natural resources have become increasingly prominent. Municipal solid waste is part of these problems. However, waste is actually an improperly placed resource. As a part of green supply chain management, remanufacturing can turn waste products into remanufactured products for resale. Based on the development status of China’s remanufacturing industry, this paper establishes three Stackelberg game models, namely the free recycling model (model N), the government regulation model based on the reward–penalty mechanism (model G), and the government dual-intervention model (model GF). In this study, the standard solution method for the Stackelberg game method, namely the backward induction method, is applied to solve the dynamic game equilibrium. For comparison, a further numerical analysis is also carried. The research results show that: (1) in the closed-loop supply chain based on remanufacturing, the strengthening of cooperation between manufacturers and remanufacturers is beneficial in terms of maximizing supply chain profits; (2) in order to maximize social benefits, the government needs to intervene in green supply chain management; (3) government regulation is particularly important when the remanufacturing industry is in the initial stage of development; (4) government intervention needs to be based on the development level of the remanufacturing industry; (5) in order to maximize social benefits, it is recommended that the government consider the ratio between the green consumption subsidies and the taxes on new products.