Translation Strategies Research Articles

The Analysis of Video Game Title Translation: A Case Study of Iranian Darinoos Publishing

With video games gaining popularity worldwide and becoming one of the most common forms of entertainment in the digital age, the game's title holds both commercial and entertainment value. This study aims to analyze foreign video game titles that have been translated into Persian by the Iranian Darinoos publishing. The practical analysis in the research study is based on Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) and Chaume’s (2020) translation strategies. Those models were applied to compare the translation strategies used by the Darinoos with the translation strategies used by participant translators and to identify the most commonly used translation strategies by both groups. The overall results showed that literal translation remained the most widely used translation strategies in title translation. The Darinoos team used new translation, partial translation, and modulation to translate video game titles into Persian in a more creative way than the other participants. In some instances, participants didn't consider titles to be translatable and used the original title in the target language. These obtained results will be benefical to journalists, video game publishers, content writers, and game localizers.

The Transfer of Culture-Specific Items in Subtitling

Subtitling culture-specific items is considered challenging to translators since they are grounded in a specific source culture and audience. In this connection, Technology Entertainment and Design (TED) is a well-known organization that presents influential speeches or talks about different topics such as science, health, culture, and others. These talks are subtitled in different languages including Arabic. Therefore, the equivalence of culture-specific items in TED talks requires a deep understanding of the source and target languages and cultures. In light of this, the present study sheds light on the intersection between culture and subtitling manifested through the equivalence of culture-specific items in the subtitled TED talks from English into Arabic along with the position of the subtitler in this transfer. To this end, quantitative qualitative methods are adopted to measure and analyse the selected culture-specific items cultural aspects are selected by applying Diaz Cintas and Remael’s [9] cultural classifications and Pedersen’s [33] and Baker’s [4] translation strategies. The findings of the study show that direct translation and retention are the most deployed translation strategies whereas cultural substitution, paraphrase, and official equivalent are the least deployed strategies in the selected TED talks. The findings further contribute to understanding the relationship between the implemented translation strategies and the subtitling guidelines of the TED organization.

Study on the English translation of excerpts from Mencius: Gong Sun Chou based on translator’s subjectivity

The translator is the subject of translation, serving as a medium for cultural exchange and communication. However, translators in the external dissemination of Chinese culture have long been neglected and marginalized. With the “cultural turn” in translation studies, translators have gained due attention. As one of the representative works of Confucianism, Mencius is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, but its foreign translation is later than the Analects of Confucius and other classics, which also reflects the problem of scholars’ insufficient investment in its research. This paper makes a comparative analysis of how the English translation of the core concepts of Mencius by James Legge, Derk Bodde and D.C. LAU reflects the translator’s subjectivity, and in turn how the translator’s subjectivity affects their translation strategy, in order to make a contribution to the foreign translation of classics.

CCR2 cooperativity promotes hematopoietic stem cell homing to the bone marrow.

Cross-talk between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow (BM) cells is critical for homing and sustained engraftment after transplantation. In particular, molecular and physical adaptation of sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) promote HSPC BM occupancy; however, signals that govern these events are not well understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell-cell communication crucial in shaping tissue microenvironments. Here, we demonstrate that integrin α4β7 on murine HSPC EVs targets uptake into ECs. In BM ECs, HSPC EVs induce up-regulation of C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) ligands that synergize with CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling to promote BM homing. In nonirradiated murine models, marrow preconditioning with HSPC EVs or recombinant CCR2 ligands improves homing and early graft occupancy after transplantation. These findings identify a role for HSPC EVs in remodeling ECs, newly define CCR2-dependent graft homing, and inform novel translational conditioning strategies to improve HSPC transplantation.

Analysis of Multimodality, Critical Discourse, and Translation Strategy "Buto Had a Toothache"

The purpose of this article is to analyze the multimodality aspects involved in the translation of story books for children and the translation strategy that is used from Indonesian into English. In addition to the multimodality aspect reviewed, this article also analyzes the translated text using critical discourse analysis to determine the acceptability of the target text. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. Based on the analysis of the translation of this illustrated story, it was found that from a multimodality point of view, expressions of anger, sadness, irritation, and fear are depicted by the difference in the eyes and the shape of the lips in this story. Thus, the reader gets a clear meaning from the illustrations depicted apart from the narrative conveyed in the story. Judging from the results of the translation strategy, 16% of the story is translated using compression, 25% using literal, and 59% of the story is translated using expansion so that the meaning and essence of the story are still conveyed properly.

Translation Strategies Selection in the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism: A Case Study of the Chinese Translation of The Joy Luck Club

The Joy Luck Club, written by the American-born Chinese author Amy Tan, is her breakout novel that garnered attention from both general readers and scholars upon its publication. In terms of Chinese translation, there have been seven versions so far, and various scholars have used multiple theories to compare and analyze the translations of different translators. However, studies that analyze the translation strategies of the earliest translation version (translated by Cheng Naishan) and the latest translation version (translated by Li Jun and Zhang Li) from the perspective of translator behavior criticism are rare. This paper finds that Cheng Naishan tends to use domestication strategies, while Li Jun and Zhang Li adopt a combination of foreignization and domestication strategies in their translation. This is reflected in their actual actions within the "truth-seeking-pragmatism" translator behavior continuum. Li Jun and Zhang Li's translator behavior is higher in both truth-seeking and pragmatism than Cheng Naishan's, showing greater rationality.

Foreignisation and resistance: Lawrence Venuti and his critics

This article evaluates whether Lawrence Venuti’s translation approach of “foreignisation” is likely to achieve his stated goal: translations that can resist cultural dominance. This is assessed in light of criticism of his approach from other translation scholars also concerned with cultural encounters and power relations: Maria Tymoczko, Mona Baker, Tarek Shamma and Michael Cronin. The article concludes that it is problematic to identify foreignisation and predict its effect. In spite of this, Venuti’s focus on the dangers of a one-sided privileging of fluent translation strategies is important and valuable, not least in the perspective of the internal cultural and linguistic struggles that will take place within the target culture.

Unveiling hybrid culinary cultures in Macao: a corpus-assisted multimodal approach to the translation of Macanese cuisine

ABSTRACT This study investigates the special foodscape and hybrid culinary cultures in Macao through the translation of Macanese cuisine. It employs a corpus-assisted multimodal approach, with the concept of intersemiotic translation and multimodal theories as the theoretical basis for analysis and discussion. The data under investigation is a self-built multimodal database of Macanese cuisine translations. The study first examines the ingredients and cooking methods in Macanese cuisine dish names and then delves into the translation strategies and methods used in the translations across Portuguese, English and Chinese. Multimodal analysis is also conducted to explore the intersemiotic translation between the verbal and visual materials of Macanese cuisine. The research results show that hybrid culinary features are represented in the ingredients, cooking methods and translations of Macanese cuisine, constituting an inclusive, integrated and diversified foodscape in Macao. Moreover, the intersemiotic translation between the verbal and the visual could highlight particular ingredients and cooking methods, showcase the enticing appearance of the dishes, and convey the hybrid culinary cultures in Macanese cuisine. This study holds the potential to enrich research on food translation from a multimodal perspective, while also contributing to the translation and cultural transmission of Macanese cuisine and culinary cultures in Macao.

The effectiveness of a knowledge translation intervention on the implementation of NEWS2 in nursing homes, a pragmatic cluster RCT

BackgroundImproving the uptake of relevant and reliable research is an important priority in long-term care to achieve sustainable and high-quality services for the increasingly older population.AimThe purpose was to assess the effectiveness of a tailored, adaptive and a multifaceted KT capacity program, relative to usual practice, on the implementation of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2).MethodsThis study was carried out as a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial. The capacity program consisted of an educational part to address implementation capacity gaps and a facilitation-upon-implementation part to address a relevant knowledge gap in nursing homes. A collective decision was made to address the challenge of early detection of clinical deterioration among nursing home residents, by implementing the (NEWS2) as clinical innovation.Public nursing homes in a Norwegian municipality (n = 21) with a total of 1 466 beds were eligible for inclusion. The study-period spanned over a 22-month period, including a 12-month follow-up.Data was extracted from the Electronic Patient Journal system and analyzed using multilevel growth model analysis.ResultsThe intervention had a large effect on the use of NEWS2 among care staff in intervention nursing homes, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference, d = 2.42). During the final month of the implementation period, residents in the intervention group was assessed with NEWS2 1.44 times (95% CI: 1.23, 1.64) per month, which is almost four times more often than in the control group (mean = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.57). During the follow-up period, the effect of the intervention was not only sustained in the intervention group but there was a substantial increase in the use of NEWS2 in both the intervention (mean = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.55, 1.96) and control groups (mean = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.65).ConclusionsThis tailored implementation strategy had a large effect on the use of NEWS2 among care staff, demonstrating that integrated knowledge translation strategies can be a promising strategy to achieve evidence-based care in the nursing home sector.Trial registrationISRCTN12437773. Registered 19/3 2020, retrospectively.

Translating Arabic Free Poetry Texts into English by ChatGPT: Success and Failure

The purpose of this study is to examine the success and failure of ChatGPT in translating some Arabic free poetry texts selected from Wahib's 'Hulm 'ala Nasiat Aljabin 'A Dream on the Corners of Nostalgia.’ In this study, we examined ChatGPT’s ability in the translation field. In particular, the focus is on translating in Arabic context. The free poetry texts were first translated by the authors and then by ChatGPT. Both translations were then analyzed and compared to find out to what extent ChatGPT translation deviates from human translation. A qualitative approach is adopted with the help of comparative and analytical methods. The results show that ChatGPT is, to some extent, successful in producing a natural English translation of the Arabic poems in this study. In contrast, humans adopt translation strategies like paraphrasing, adapting, recreating, and transliteration. ChatGPT adopts translation strategies like paraphrasing addition, word-for-word, and literal translation. However, there is no care for the aesthetic values in ChatGPT’s translation, and many types of translation errors result from applying these strategies.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance acellular nerve allografts to promote peripheral nerve regeneration by facilitating angiogenesis.

Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles, including limited tissue sources, invasive acquisition methods, cellular heterogeneity, purification challenges, cellular senescence, and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages. In this study, we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells, known for their self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory characteristics. We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation. Furthermore, the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats. Additionally, our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization. Collectively, our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats, offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.

Movie Titles’ Translation Strategies from English into Thai in Monomax Application

The objective of this study is to analyze the strategies employed in translating English movie titles into Thai within the Monomax Application. A total of 501 English movie titles spanning the decade of 2011 and 2020 were examined because a decade provides clear guidelines for data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The strategies for translating film titles into Thai conducted by Thongwan (2012) served as a framework for this study. The findings revealed that all 10 translation strategies were employed as follows respectively: 1) naming a new name regardless of the old name, 2) naming a new name based on the original name, 3) partial translation and adding Thai language, 4) partial transliteration and adding Thai language, 5) all translation and adding Thai language, 6) all transliteration and adding Thai language, 7) all transliteration without adding Thai, and 8) all translation without adding Thai language. Meanwhile, the last two which are 9) partial transliteration without adding the Thai language and partial translation without adding the Thai language were found used only once per each. Notably, the translated movie titles in Thai often featured distinctive and attractive elements, such as rhyme and alliteration. These findings corresponded to Nida & Taber (1974) translation theory that translation process is related to purpose and cultural linguistic norms. Future studies could explore the reception and perception of these translated titles among Thai audiences, shedding light on which strategies resonate most effectively and why.

Developing Transcreation Skills in Translation Studies: Training University Lectures to Address Demands for Creative Translation

The relevance of transcreation skills goes beyond mere translation strategy to a more sought-after service, that help equip translators with relevant employability skills. Nevertheless, the concern for the high demands of translators who possess these skills calls for a thorough training of future translators to acquire these skills. On the other hand, this will be possible if translator educators are already equipped with these skills. As such, this study aims to explore how translation educators, specifically, university lecturers can be prepared to effectively address the growing need for transcreation skills. The research further explores practical techniques and approaches aimed at teaching instructors to successfully impart transcreation abilities and adequately equip students for employment in creative translation. In order to achieve the objective of this research, a quantitative research methodology was adopted, and an online research questionnaire was also utilized. Moreover, a total of ninety-seven (97) study participants were included in the online survey to express their perspectives on how the university lecturers can be trained to address demands for creative translation. The participants' replies, which constitute the primary dataset for this study, were presented and subjected to thorough analysis. Additionally, these replies provided additional clarification on the two fundamental study hypotheses. The study results highlighted several fundamental elements connected with transcreation skills, including bilingual proficiency, creative writing, cultural sensitivity, and multimedia proficiency. Based on the analyzed data, the research revealed that adoption of practical strategies and methodologies such as professional development, inclusion of transcreation projects in translation training module, collaboration with industry experts, and technology integration helps to train translation educators to effectively teach transcreation skills. The study, however, recommends combination of these identified strategies for effective training of university lecturers.

ОТНОШЕНИЕ НА ЕКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТ НА ИЗБРАНИ ПОЛСКИ И БЪЛГАРСКИ ТЕРМИНИ В СЪДЕБНИ АКТОВЕ (ПО НАКАЗАТЕЛНИ ДЕЛА)

The article juxtaposes Polish and Bulgarian terms in terms of the names of courts, the names of court authorities, assistants, parties and other persons involved in the case in Polish and Bulgarian. The compilation of the juxtaposition made it possible to resolve what type of equivalence relations we are dealing with in the type of court records under study. To determine the type of equivalence relations between Polish and Bulgarian legal terms, I used the concept of denotative equivalence distinguished by Wolter Koller. Recognizing the types of equivalence relations is the starting point for considering the difficulties and translation strategies that the translator must undertake.

Translator’s Visibility in Mediating Confrontational Responses of “Challenge” Strategy at China’s Diplomatic Press Conferences

The study aims to unveil how translators deal with confrontational responses through their visibility in translating the diplomatic discourse of China’s diplomatic press conferences. Distinct from past theoretical frameworks, this study is grounded in the impoliteness strategies model (Bousfield, 2008) and the concept of translator’s visibility. The corpus focuses on the English-translated responses using the “challenge” strategy, delivered by the spokesperson Hua Chunying throughout 2020. Findings show that the translator’s visibility is mainly presented at the syntactical and lexical levels, and the discursive level is hardly found. The translation strategy of modulation is used most in syntax and reduction most in lexicon. Additionally, the translator’s visibility by using translation strategies can mediate the degree of confrontation. In maintaining the confrontational tone, the main strategies involve modulation in syntax and reduction in lexicon. Linguistic compression and reduction are employed more commonly in weakening the confrontational implication in lexicon, and reduction in syntax. Linguistic amplification is observed more frequently in the lexicon and modulation is more often used in syntax in strengthening the confrontation. This research sheds light on the dynamic interplay between impoliteness strategies and the translator’s visibility, contributing to a deeper understanding of the translator’s engagement in institutional discourse.

Domestication and Foreignization in Translating Polite Tweets

Translation strategies, domestication and foreignization bridge the linguistic and cultural gaps. Domestication adapts foreign texts for target readers, often sacrificing cultural nuances, as seen in historical examples like Rome's assimilation of Greek texts. Foreignization preserves the original text's cultural distinctions. On social media like Twitter, translators face unique challenges with its character limit and specific lexicon. They must decide between domesticating tweets for clarity or foreignizing them to retain cultural elements. This paper explores domestication and foreignization in historical and modern contexts, highlighting their implications for cross-cultural communication and translation on digital platforms like Twitter.

Pragmatic Strategies in Artistic Translation: Balancing Creativity and Cultural Adaptation

This study investigates the communicative-pragmatic aspects of artistic translation, focusing on how translators navigate the complexities of preserving the original text's artistic and aesthetic integrity while adapting it to a different cultural and linguistic context. Despite extensive research in translation studies, a systematic exploration of pragmatic motivations and strategies in artistic translation remains underdeveloped. This research addresses this gap by employing a comprehensive methodological approach that includes descriptive-analytical, semantic-stylistic, and literary analysis of original texts and their translations. The findings highlight the critical role of the translator's creative interpretation in maintaining the balance between fidelity to the original text and the need for cultural adaptation. The results demonstrate that pragmatic strategies significantly influence the translation process, particularly in how verbal-artistic information is transformed to resonate with the target audience. The study also suggests that these strategies are essential for achieving functional equivalence and preserving the artistic value of the original work. The implications of this research are significant for both translation theory and practice, emphasizing the need for enhanced training programs that focus on the development of creative and pragmatic skills in translators. Further research is recommended to explore the emotional and experiential dimensions of translation, as these aspects remain crucial yet underexplored in current literature.

The Kurdish Translation of English Collocations in Shakespeare’s the Tempest

Collocations have always been an area of interest for linguists. They study this phenomenon in both translation and language dimensions. The way of using collocations in a source text and the way of translating them are important keys to indicate a text’s linguistic, stylistic and cultural features. It is beyond doubt that collocations are essential word combinations that enhance the pragmatic appeal of a text. More specifically, literary authors use collocations to make the language of their literary works more figurative. Therefore, translators need to be careful enough during their translation process in order to preserve the uniqueness of a language. The present article aims to study those English collocations in literary texts that are translated into Kurdish. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher takes account of William Shakespeare’s famous play (The Tempest) that is translated into Kurdish by Dr.Azad Hama Sharif who is a famous Kurdish translator. For the same purpose 59 collocations that are used in that literary work are chosen to be the data of the study. Then the selected collocations are classified according to the strategies that are used to translate them. Moreover, the frequency of using each strategy is also presented. The article explores an explicit analysis of translating those collocations from the source into the target language by using Vinay and Darblen’s model of translation. It also delineates that claque is the most used translation strategy and modulation is the least used strategy.

Способы передачи безэквивалентной лексики при переводе «Сказки о царе Салтане» А. С. Пушкина с русского языка на английский

The translation of non-equivalent lexis incorporated into a poetic text is always a special complex problem for a translator, since, in addition to knowledge of a foreign language and proficiency in professional translation competencies, they must have a poetic gift and deep background knowledge. It is important for a translator to choose the right translation strategies in order to preserve not only the meaning of the poetic text, but also its rhythm, intonation, melody and cultural component. The aim of the study is to determine to what extent the translation strategies used contributed to the preservation of the national and cultural peculiarities of non-equivalent vocabulary when translating A. S. Pushkin’s “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” from Russian into English. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a comparative study of two translations of the above-mentioned fairy tale was conducted, which made it possible to consider ways of transmitting non-equivalent lexis within the framework of a poetic text, evaluate the effectiveness of these methods and identify translation challenges that lead to wrong perception of the work by A. S. Pushkin. It was found that the translators used various methods of transferring non-equivalent lexis, among which the most frequent are transcription when translating proper names, analogue and description when translating realia, methods of description and calque when translating lacunae. It is shown that lacunae present the greatest difficulty in translating the poetic text of A. S. Pushkin. With the multiplicity of translation solutions, the meanings of non-equivalent lexical units were distorted in some cases, which did not allow to fully convey the national and cultural peculiarities of the work.

Real-World Evidence Application in Translational Medicine: Making Use of Prescription Claims to Inform Drug-Drug Interactions of a New Psoriasis Treatment.

Patients with psoriasis often take multiple medications due to comorbidities, raising concerns about drug-drug interactions (DDIs) during the development of new medicines. DDI risk assessments of a new small molecule showed risks of CYP3A4 autoinduction and being a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. We conducted a real-world evidence (RWE) claims analysis to assess the frequency of prescription claims for up to 12 months from the date of the initial psoriasis diagnosis for drugs that may interact with CYP3A4 substrates. We used 2013 to 2018 patient data from the US Merative MarketScan Research Database. Among patients diagnosed with psoriasis, less than 1% had a claim for a moderate/strong inducer, but up to 15% had a claim for moderate/strong inhibitor. Most prescriptions for CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers included antibiotics and anticonvulsants. While CYP3A4 inducers were rarely used, those treated received more than >90 days treatment. Then, these RWE data were used to inform the early translational medicine strategy for the new investigational drug by strategically integrating DDI evaluations into a first-in-human healthy volunteer trial prior to studies in patients with psoriasis. The resulting DDI substudy showed that the investigational small molecule did not induce midazolam clearance but was sensitive to CYP3A inhibition, leading to the decision to exclude concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors from clinical trials.