Strategic Community Research Articles

Boundaries innovation through knowledge convergence-developing triad strategic communities

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the process of implementing a micro innovation strategy for the development of the company’s mainstay business at present (incremental innovation) and a future growth strategy (radical innovation) in an age when there are dramatic changes in the environment and the future is hard to predict from the perspective of boundaries innovation that the company should implement based on the creation of boundaries knowledge and convergence knowledge. To implement knowledge convergence processes, outstanding companies dynamically establish various project teams and diverse mixed teams, which are strategic communities, as well as network organisations that integrate these teams and continually generate new boundaries innovation. The paper presents a theoretical framework, a detailed case study, and new insights regarding combination of exploration and exploitation through triadic strategic community formations for boundaries innovation strategies where dynamic strategic communities that overcome and transcend various boundaries create boundaries knowledge from various different types of knowledge and dynamically converge these different types of knowledge to create new convergence knowledge (such as the development of new products and services and the development of new business models, etc.).

Intelligence security in the European Union: building a strategic intelligence community

Intelligence security in the European Union: building a strategic intelligence community

Assessing the Effect of Flood Menace on the Community Well-being in Bunyala, Busia County, Kenya

Flooding has been singled out as the most common in Bunyala Sub-County of all the environmental hazards that have continued to pose tremendous danger to people’s lives and property. As such, members of these communities are hardly capable of averting and or managing the impacts of disasters facing them . This study aimed at examining the root causes of persistent floods and strategic community- based interventions in Bunyala Sub-County, and how community coping mechanisms affect the community’s well-being. The researcher used a descriptive research design through which the exact condition of Bunyala Sub-County was established in a cross-sectional manner. Data was collected through interviews with key informants, administration of semi-structured questionnaires to household, as well as through discussions in focus groups. The researcher used household as the definite analysis unit. Hence, 384 households were selected as the sample size for the study. Data analysis entailed its cleaning, coding and input into SPSS 11.5 version spread sheet for descriptive statistical analysis. Results showed that flooding effects were significantly higher during the flood season such as destruction of social amenities, houses, productive and non-productive assets though the benefit of living in the floodplains outweighs associated flooding risk.

Indikasi Kartel Komunditas Strategis dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (Studi Kajian Perlindungan Hukum)

In general, the competition was fair, if done honestly but the competition was not always done honestly. The fraudulent acts one of which was the cartel. Cartels were agreements made by businesses to other businesses in similar production to influence prices and production process. The cartel action usually choose products that have strategic value, as well as production of meat and soy. In the production of strategic community such as meat and soy currently were alleged (indication) the occurence of a cartel. To avoid these allegations, to marketing, production businesses must leave the Antimonopoly Law No.5/1999. Where in the legislation there was a ban on cartel action by businesses that contained in Article 11 of the law. However, the setting of the cartel was still considered less clear and complete, because it does not provide clear and unequivocal definition of the cartel as well as the type of the cartel. To avoid the vagueness of the norm government in formulating laws and should be careful and able to provide legal protection of a clear and unequivocal to the consumer to prevent arbitrary actions of businesses.

Developing a sustainable child and family service system after a community tragedy: Lessons from Sandy Hook.

This article describes a systematic approach to assessing community services post‐Sandy Hook shooting. An evaluation team was invited to develop a sustainability plan for community services in Newtown. Service organizations, providers, and families were interviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the range of services; respondent perspectives were coded using content analysis. We found that Newtown has a broad array of community services, but respondent groups varied in their perceptions of service adequacy. Consensus existed about core components of an ideal service system, including centralizing access; coordinating care, personalizing and tailoring services for families, and providing evidence‐based care. The strategic community assessment approach developed here may inform how communities examine their service capacity and develop sustainability plans post‐disaster.

Assessment of public knowledge, attitude and practices towards rabies in Debark Woreda, North Gondar, Ethiopia

The study was conducted from November 2015 to April 2016 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on rabies and associated risk factors among the community of Debark district, North Gonder, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. For this cross-sectional study, a simple random sampling procedure was employed to select kebeles. From the list of kebeles, six were randomly selected using lottery method. Then, 70 households were selected and interviewed from each kebeles using systematic random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews among 422 respondents. Then, the data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. The frequency distribution of both dependent and independent variables were worked out by using descriptive statistics technique (Frequencies, mean, SD and percentage). Association between independent variables and KAP scores on rabies was calculated using Pearson’s Chi square. Out of 416 respondents interviewed, 240 (57.7 %%) of them were males and 176 (42.3%) females. 151 (36.3%) of the respondents were between 15 to 29, 153(36.8%) were between 30 to 45 and 112 (26.9%) were >45 years old. The majority of the respondents 391 (94.0%) were Orthodox Christians. Almost all of the respondents indicated that they had previously heard about rabies. Out of this 251 (60.3%) had good level of KAP on rabies. There was strong association between KAP scores and educational level; occupation and sex (p<0.05). Generally, these findings indicate that the Debark Woreda community has good knowledge about rabies. However, a need for further awareness creation on the attitude and practice for appropriate prevention and treatment measure. Therefore, Veterinarians and health professionals should prepare and deliver continuous and strategic community awareness programs on prevention and control of rabies in the study area. Key words: Attitude, debark district, Ethiopia, knowledge, practice, rabies.

Strategi Pemasaran Komunitas And Implikasinya Pada Loyalitas Merek Toyota Di Indonesia [Community Marketing Strategy and Its Implication on Brand Loyalty Toyota in Indonesia

This research study examined the strategic community marketing and its impact on brand loyalty of Toyota in Indonesia. Elements of the strategic community marketing were: (a) critical awareness and reflection, (b) building community identity, political and legislative actions, (c) culturally relevant practice, (d) spontaneous associations of neighbors, colleagues, or groups with a particular interest in a topic, (e) leadership in communities; (f) empowerment; and (g) critical reflection. Elements of the brand loyalty were: perceived risk, inertia, habit, involvement, satisfaction, and relationship between product or service providers. The population of this study was 4,000 customers from 29 Toyota communities in Indonesia who used Toyota cars. The size of the sample was 400 respondents. The sampling method used nonprobability sampling by incidental sampling. The results by using structural equation modeling (SEM) found significant impacts of strategic marketing community on brand loyalty of Toyota in Indonesia.

Using strategic communities to foster inter-organizational collaboration

Purpose The purpose of this paper is: to report on an experiment in building up inter-organizational collaboration between healthcare organizations; and to identify how structure and some of the components of the strategic community (SC) approach to organizational change can have a long-term impact on inter-organizational collaboration. Design/methodology/approach This paper resulted from participative action-research held from 2007 to 2013. A systematic collection of data (field notes, 746 hours of observations, proceedings, 186 interviews, journals, focus groups, discussion forums) was conducted in the various cycles of the action-research. Findings Adapted to the healthcare sector, the SC has taken the form of a temporary inter-organizational collaboration structure composed of health professionals, first-level managers, general practitioners, specialized doctors, and non-profit organization representatives. The SC approach appeared to be an efficient strategy for taking action. Practical implications The SC approach appeared to be appropriate for cases where the inter-organizational collaboration had clearly declined, where several other attempts had failed, and where the care trajectory involved vulnerable clients who had to travel between different service points for the required care. Originality/value This study illustrates how SC helps to significantly improve inter-organizational collaboration in the healthcare sector. It likewise acknowledges the relevance of Thomson and Perry’s (2006) work in analyzing and emphasizing the dimensions required to ensure successful inter-organizational collaboration.

Ordering and controlling the dimensions of strategy

Colin Gray’s dimensions of strategy, built upon the earlier work of Clausewitz and Howard, has theoretical, practical, and pedagogic value for the Strategic Studies community. This paper further develops the theory, arguing that the dimensions can be controlled or managed to improve strategic performance. The dimensions are divided into two categories: “internal” and “external” to the process of strategy. The paper describes the dynamic process by which the internal dimensions, which can be controlled, are used to exert influence over the external dimensions that are beyond the control of the strategist. It is argued that six dimensions hold the key to strategic success: politics and the five dimensions concerned with warfighting. This conclusion validates the Clausewitzian paradigm with its emphasis on policy and battle.

China’s Policy in the East China Sea

This paper looks back at China’s policy towards the establishment of a crisis management mechanism with Japan in the East China Sea from the beginning of the negotiations in 2008 to the deadlock reached at the end of 2015. During this period of seven years, China moved from being a reluctant negotiator to interrupting the negotiations and finally accepting their resumption, but only after setting such a high bar in terms of relative sovereignty gains that the talks unravelled. The paper argues that the socialisation of China to confidence-building norms in the security sphere – norms that the strategic community of the PRC traditionally rejects – is making very slow progress despite the rising risk of incidents in maritime East Asia. It concludes that Chinese foreign policy uses crisis management negotiations to secure a variety of foreign policy goals linked to sovereignty and balance of power rather than a tool purely dedicated to building security and stability by freezing an existing status quo.

Trick and treat: how the Commission and the European Parliament exert influence in EU foreign and security policies

Studies suggest that the Commission and the European Parliament (EP) influence the Common Foreign and Security policy (CFSP), despite it being formally an intergovernmental instrument. Few systematic attempts have been made to capture how the two institutions exert influence from an analytical perspective. This paper develops and explores a set of hypotheses (strategic coalition building, bargaining, community framing, circumvention and normative argumentation) in two cases: Naval mission Atalanta and the EU’s Maritime Security Strategy (EUMSS). We find that the Commission drew on its bargaining leverage, circumvented the member states and framed the issues at stake in a manner that increased its own competence. It is also in a better position to influence CFSP decisions at an early stage. The EP’s influence is bigger in the post-decision phase. One would, however, expect that the influence of the supranational institutions will increase as the CFSP moves towards a comprehensive approach.

Learn how Brandman University created a successful recruitment strategy

Shelly Neal, Ph.D., is the vice chancellor of strategic initiatives at Brandman University, a nonprofit institution with a rich heritage of academic excellence and more than 50 years of experience serving nontraditional and adult students. Her division, which began as a one‐woman show at the school's San Diego campus ten years ago, has grown to a team of more than 30 professionals who are dedicated to building enrollments by creating strategic community and corporate partnerships.

Making the case for creative spaces in Australian libraries

The establishment of creative spaces (any place where the community can come together for informal and shared social learning) in public libraries has been an emerging trend worldwide in recent years. It is timely to examine what this means for Australian libraries and their communities, and how such spaces can be successfully established. This article, based on a toolkit produced for a Public Libraries Victoria Network and State Library Victoria Shared Leadership project, provides an overview of what creative spaces are, why they are relevant to libraries and the benefits they can bring to libraries and their communities. It also draws on literature from the field to summarise some key best practice principles for developing a creative space. It reiterates the findings of other commentators in recommending that creative spaces be included in Australian library offerings because of their clear strategic fit, community benefits and scalability for different libraries. These spaces, and their activities, equipment and funding models vary widely, but it is clear that successful creative spaces share certain qualities. There are many clear benefits to both libraries and their communities from having a creative space. These include empowering your community, fostering community collaboration and co-creation, growing a larger, more engaged user base, enabling inter-generational learning and social connectedness, facilitating trans-literacy, developing a culture of lifelong learning and adding socio-economic advantage to communities. Creative spaces also provide an opportunity for libraries to future-proof themselves and adapt to meet the changing nature of society.

Strategic partnering to improve community health worker programming and performance: features of a community-health system integrated approach.

BackgroundThere is robust evidence that community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries can improve their clients’ health and well-being. The evidence on proven strategies to enhance and sustain CHW performance at scale, however, is limited. Nevertheless, CHW stakeholders need guidance and new ideas, which can emerge from the recognition that CHWs function at the intersection of two dynamic, overlapping systems – the formal health system and the community. Although each typically supports CHWs, their support is not necessarily strategic, collaborative or coordinated.MethodsWe explore a strategic community health system partnership as one approach to improving CHW programming and performance in countries with or intending to mount large-scale CHW programmes. To identify the components of the approach, we drew on a year-long evidence synthesis exercise on CHW performance, synthesis records, author consultations, documentation on large-scale CHW programmes published after the synthesis and other relevant literature. We also established inclusion and exclusion criteria for the components we considered. We examined as well the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing each component.ResultsWe identified a minimum package of four strategies that provide opportunities for increased cooperation between communities and health systems and address traditional weaknesses in large-scale CHW programmes, and for which implementation is feasible at sub-national levels over large geographic areas and among vulnerable populations in the greatest need of care. We postulate that the CHW performance benefits resulting from the simultaneous implementation of all four strategies could outweigh those that either the health system or community could produce independently. The strategies are (1) joint ownership and design of CHW programmes, (2) collaborative supervision and constructive feedback, (3) a balanced package of incentives, and (4) a practical monitoring system incorporating data from communities and the health system.ConclusionsWe believe that strategic partnership between communities and health systems on a minimum package of simultaneously implemented strategies offers the potential for accelerating progress in improving CHW performance at scale. Comparative, retrospective and prospective research can confirm the potential of these strategies. More experience and evidence on strategic partnership can contribute to our understanding of how to achieve sustainable progress in health with equity.

New Approaches to the Development of Methodology of Strategic Community Planning

One of the major problems faced by modern social development – is social systems controllability decrease. This is largely due to the unsuitability of the old management model, functioning by trial and error method, to the new social realities which requires a much more accurate and evidence-based approach. Socially important decisions based on subjectivism lead to the destabilization of society, deterioration of living conditions and quality of life. With the increasing complexity of the social world, the support of sustainable social development and societal systems security can only be based on scientific knowledge with the usage of the methods of strategic community planning. The authors suggest using the new parameters for the development of methodology of strategic community planning that are relevant to the modern stage of social development. The given article contains the proposals of methodology of strategic community planning development. As a strategic goal one put forward the formation of a genuine social state in Russia. An approximate range of tasks for each of the subsystems of society is suggested. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s6p357

An Overview of the Indonesian Security Outlook

Security issue has always become a major problem for every sovereign state. Tremendous changes to the world society these days for example through advance technologies, extreme perception of the religious beliefs, people movement across the globe, and economic disparity, had oblige sovereign states to adjust significantly towards its security policy. Indonesia, an archipelagic, with its strategic location and diverse community has always at the crossroad to overcome the security challenges that occurs since Independence Day in 1945 until recent days. This article will briefly define Indonesia’s security policy, and discussing possible ways to deterrence conflicts through strengthening the main tools of internal defenses and beneficial international cooperation in security. Contemporary Second track Indonesia foreign policy stands on the basic of the international cooperations on security to protect the people and interests.Keywords: Security, Indonesia, Military and Defense

If we build it, we will come: a model for community-led change to transform neighborhood conditions to support healthy eating and active living.

Neighborhoods affect health. In 3 adjoining inner-city Cleveland, Ohio, neighborhoods, residents have an average life expectancy 15 years less than that of a nearby suburb. To address this disparity, a local health funder created the 2010 to 2013 Francis H. Beam Community Health Fellowship to develop a strategic community engagement process to establish a Healthy Eating & Active Living (HEAL) culture and lifestyle in the neighborhoods. The fellow developed and advanced a model, engaging the community in establishing HEAL options and culture. Residents used the model to identify a shared vision for HEAL and collaborated with community partners to create and sustain innovative HEAL opportunities. This community-led, collaborative model produced high engagement levels (15% of targeted 12 000 residents) and tangible improvements in the neighborhood's physical, resource, and social environments.

A Multipronged, Adaptive Approach for the Recruitment of Diverse Community-Residing Elders with Memory Impairment: The MIND at Home Experience.

To provide a critical review of a multipronged recruitment approach used to identify, recruit, and enroll a diverse community-based sample of persons with memory disorders into an 18-month randomized, controlled dementia care coordination trial. Descriptive analysis of a recruitment approach comprised five strategies: community liaison ("gatekeepers") method, letters sent from trusted community organizations, display and distribution of study materials in the community, research registries, and general community outreach and engagement activities. Participants were 55 community organizations and 63 staff of community organizations in Baltimore, Maryland. Participant referral sources, eligibility, enrollment status, demographics, and loss to follow-up were tracked in a relational access database. In total, 1,275 referrals were received and 303 socioeconomically, cognitively, and racially diverse community-dwelling persons with cognitive disorders were enrolled. Most referrals came from letters sent from community organizations directly to clients on the study's behalf (39%) and referrals from community liaison organizations (29%). African American/black enrollees were most likely to come from community liaison organizations. A multipronged, adaptive approach led to the successful recruitment of diverse community-residing elders with memory impairment for an intervention trial. Key factors for success included using a range of evidence-supported outreach strategies, forming key strategic community partnerships, seeking regular stakeholder input through all research phases, and obtaining "buy-in" from community stakeholders by aligning study objectives with perceived unmet community needs.

Pakistan's Battlefield Nuclear Policy: A Risky Solution to an Exaggerated Threat

Pakistan has introduced a new battlefield nuclear weapon, Nasr, into its arsenal. Nasr, a short-range ballistic missile, was first flight-tested in 2011. Pakistani leaders have declared that the weapon is meant to deter India from executing its Cold Start war doctrine. The doctrine was conceived by members of India's army and its strategic community in 2004 as a solution to perceived operational shortcomings of the army in responding to major terrorist incidents involving Pakistanis. It recommends the positioning of smaller army units at the international border with the capability to rapidly invade Pakistan and occupy narrow slices of territory, while denying Pakistan the ability to anticipate the attack and to immediately assemble a counterattack force. The Cold Start war doctrine, however, has since been publicly disavowed by the Indian government, and the Indian army has not reorganized or equipped its troops in a manner consistent with the doctrine. Further, the use of battlefield nuclear weapons inside Pakistan or near the densely populated border regions could potentially cause civilian casualties in the tens of thousands. These factors should dissuade Pakistan from deploying the Nasr missile.

Distance to retail stores and risk of being homebound among older adults in a city severely affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.

Background: after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, inactivity and the homebound status of older victims in affected areas have been a serious public health concern owing to the victims' prolonged existence as evacuees in mountainous areas.Objective: to evaluate the association between distances to retail stores and risks of being homebound.Design: secondary analysis of cross-sectional interview survey data with a geographical information analysis.Setting: Rikuzentakata, Iwate, a municipality seriously damaged by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.Subjects: all Rikuzentakata residents aged 65 or older except for those living in temporary housing (n = 2,327).Methods: we calculated road distances between each residential address and retail stores, hawker sites and shopping bus stops, accounting for the extra load caused by walking on slopes. The prevalence ratio of being homebound adjusted for age, source of income and morbidity by road distance was estimated using Poisson regression with a generalised estimating equation.Results: those living at distances of 1,200 m or more were 1.78 (95% confidence intervals, 1.03–3.08) times more likely to be homebound (going out only every 4 or more days a week) among men and 1.85 (1.13-3.02) among women, compared with those residing in places <400 m from retail stores or shopping bus stops. The distances were reduced by new hawker and shopping bus services, but the improvements varied greatly across the districts.Conclusions: access to daily needs is essential to prevent homebound status. Post-disaster community diagnosis in terms of the built environment is important for strategic community restoration.