Storage Containers Research Articles

Akal dan Otak dalam Telaah Al Qur'an dan Neurosains

Theoretical conflict in the study of the Qur'an and neuroscience related to reason and the human brain is the main problem underlying this research. Specifically, the meaning of the brain has not been stated in the Qur'an. Universally, reason plays a role as a thinking potential in humans. However, the mind and the brain are an inseparable unit. Although the form of reason itself is formless, there is a brain as a storage container. Humans are God's most perfect creatures because of their reason. In addition, humans were also created by God in the best form. This study aims to examine more deeply the concept of reason and the human brain from the perspective of the Qur'an and Neuroscience. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data sources obtained through literature study with various references. The results of the research show that the concepts of mind and brain are interconnected entities. By utilizing both of them properly, humans will be able to become caliphs on the face of God's earth. Humans should make use of their minds and brains in accordance with their functions and in line with religious law and optimize all their potential which is centered on reason and brain. The results of the research can add to the body of knowledge and have special implications for educators, both lecturers at school and parents within the family, to always optimize the function of the mind and brain.

The Impact of Relative Permeability Hysteresis on CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifer

This work analyzed the amount of capillary-trapped CO2 for maximum residual gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis. Upward migration of CO2 is unwanted because it increases the risk of CO2 migration from storage sites to the surface. One way to mitigate CO2 leakage risk is to reduce the vertical CO2 migration to improved storage capacity and containment security. A compositional simulator (CMG-GEM) was used to simulate the flow of two components (CO2 and H2 O). A fluid model was built with the PR 78 EOS using WINPROP. A base case model without relative permeability hysteresis was simulated and compared with the case with relative permeability hysteresis. The amount of CO2 trapped, and CO2 saturation distribution were analyzed for maximum trapped gas saturation of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. Results shows an increase in the amount of CO2 trapped as the maximum residual gas saturation was increased from 0.3 to 0.4 and 0.5 with a value of 16560128mol for the base case study, 49041744mol, 59502924mol and 67286728mol respectively for maximum residual gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 respectively. Very little accumulation of CO2 occurs when the maximum trapped gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis was set at 0.5. Result reveals that after 200 years, almost all the CO2 was trapped in the formation. Therefore, the imbibition cycle at the trailing end of the CO2 plume should be considered as accounting for hysteresis effects has led to a spread-out distrib

Study of a passive radiative cooling coating on chemical storage tanks for evaporative loss control

All-day passive radiative cooling is a promising cooling technique achieves cooling without any energy input, thereby attracting tremendous attention. Most of the studies focus on building applications, but there remains a lack of information on other potential applications of radiative cooling systems. Herein, we report an application of a polymeric passive radiative cooling coating (PRCC) on the exterior surface of chemical storage tanks, which is often overlooked but exhibits great potential to efficiently control the evaporative loss of the chemicals. The PRCC exhibits strong solar reflectivity (96.2%) and emissivity (95%) in the mid-infrared wavelength range. According to the results of an outdoor test on a small-scale chemical storage container, the PRCC achieves 81.4%, 54.1%, and 19.8% of chemicals saved compared with a raw container, container painted with commercial white paint (CWP), and the shaded raw container, respectively. A numerical simulation is also conducted to estimate the chemical standing loss from an industrial large-scale chemical storage tank. It is found that the PRCC can achieve a saving of over 50% of the chemical compared with commercial white paint for a chemical storage tank, showing a promising potential to be applied on chemical storage systems.

Development of a Novel Poushtic Powder: Nutritional characteristics, Organoleptic properties, Morphology study, Storage, and Cost Analysis, of supplementary food for a vulnerable group in Midnapore

Ready supplementary food has been the best choice to arrest hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. To develop low-cost with high nutritious supplementary food with locally available ingredients those fill up the requirements of nutrients of Indians per day at different age groups according to recommended dietary allowance. To prevent malnutrition and keep children healthy, the ICDS center provides several foods, one of which is poushtic laddu, which is made with rice, wheat, groundnut, gram flour, and sugar. The women of the self-help group mainly make these nutritious laddu ingredients and provide them to the ICDS center. There are currently several ICDS centers offering poushtic powders made by CINI known as Nutrimix, which is advised to feed the children as laddu at home. This laddu powder lags far behind in terms of nutrition and phytochemicals, this is the reason for submitting the report to improve the quality of this laddu in terms of nutrition. Three different poushtic powders were prepared, marked as P, PC, and PI by healthy and nutritious food ingredients which are locally available in the market and environment. After experiments, it was found that P, PI, and PC are best for protein (28.315g), iron (23.77mg), and calcium (325.502mg) content respectively. A sufficient amount of macro and micronutrients is present in all types of poushtic powders. Phytochemicals like ascorbic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, valinic acid, routine, trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol are found to be present. Antioxidant activity like FRAP (12.854µmol/gm), ABTS (19.217µmol/gm) and DPPH (19.167µmol/gm) high in PC sample. Every poushtic powder is good in one way or another. SEM determines morphology and particle size with a correlation with hardness and fineness. The shelf life of the products is determined by different types of storage containers. In this study cost of the three products is analyzed for product marketing. Locally available ingredients help to prepare the low cost with high healthy and nutritious ready to supplementary food products that improve human health and nutritional status. The innovation of poushtic powder is the production of a low-cost supplemental product using locally accessible, nutritionally fortified ingredients, allowing those from poor socioeconomic groups to benefit. At the same time, villagers have the potential to turn it into a small-scale company and profit from it in the future.

Discharging process within a storage container considering numerical method

Numerical method for simulating the influence of loading CuO nano-powders on freezing process was scrutinized in present essay considering the triangular enclosure in existence of fin. The process has been modeled via Galerkin method incorporating adaptive grid and transient terms have been discretized based on implicit technique. The formulas with assumption of homogeneous mixture approximation were incorporated to predict the features of mixture incorporating the impact of nanoparticles and diameter. Verification for current code has been presented which indicates that good accuracy can be achieved. Based on output, loading powder makes the freezing to expedite about 41.24 % which is associated with augmentation of conduction. Also, with alter of dp from minimum to optimum size, the freezing time declines about 20 % while augmenting dp more than this value makes the completion time to augment about 49.28 %.

Modeling of water solidification within storage container in presence of nanomaterial

The numerical method was established for modeling the freezing of water within the container with leaf shape in this article. The model for presenting solidification contains two equations and momentum equations have been neglected due to low magnitude of PCM during freezing. Adaptive grid technique has been combined with implicit technique for simulation of current problem and accuracy of model has been checked based on previous data. The impacts of dispersing nanomaterial have been scrutinized in results. The conduction mode becomes stronger in the existence of nanoparticles. Loading higher concentrations of nano-powders causes the freezing rate to increase about 19.5 %. As the size of alumina powder decreases from 50 to 40 and 30 nm, the period alters from 854.74 s to 572.2 s and 715.8 s. With changing the material due to loading nanoparticles, the completion time decreases around 41.35 %.

Note on the potential to increase the accuracy of source term calculations for spent nuclear fuel

The accuracy of source term predictions is an important factor which determines the efficiency of interim and final storage of spent nuclear fuel. To minimize the required number of storage containers and to minimize the volume and mass of facilities while maintaining safety margins requires accurate codes to predict the decay heat and the gamma and neutron sources with minimum bias for time points ranging from months to thousands of years. While the relevant nuclear data for the purpose of criticality safety received high attention in the last decades and have been extensively verified with dedicated tests, nuclear data relevant for spent nuclear fuel had smaller priority. Mostly results from a radiochemical analysis of samples taken from commercially irradiated fuel have been used for validation purposes. The comparatively sparse data available from tests which exclusively focus on nuclide vector validation under research conditions means that many factors enter the uncertainty estimate of the measurement-theory comparisons and limits the ability to validate codes to a high accuracy. Firstly, the current status of validation efforts is reviewed. Secondly, fields of improvement are explored. Thirdly, the character of uncertainty distributions in measurement-theory comparisons (C/E) of nuclide vectors is analyzed. Currently there are indications that the C/E data is thick tailed which limits improvement of code validation efforts.

Storing urine samples with moisture preserves urine hydration marker stability up to 21 days

To assess hydration status, hydration markers [urine color, osmolality, and urine-specific gravity (USG)] are used. Urine color, osmolality, and USG have shown to be stable for 7, 7, and 3days, respectively, at 4°C. However, refrigeration could produce a dry environment which enhances evaporation and potentially affects urine hydration markers. To examine the effect of duration and moisture on urine markers with refrigeration. 24 participants provided urine samples between 9 and 10 AM. Urine color, osmolality, and USG were analyzed within 2h (baseline). Then, each urine sample was divided into two urine cups and placed in a storage container with (moisture condition) and without (no moisture condition) water bath at 3°C. Hydration markers were analyzed at day 1(D1), D2, D7, D10, D14, and D21. A two-way ANOVA (time x condition) and repeated-measures ANOVA on time were performed to examine differences. No significant (p > 0.05) condition x time effect was observed for urine color (p = 0.363), urine osmolality (p = 0.358), and USG (p = 0.248). When urine samples were stored in moisture condition, urine color (p = 0.126) and osmolality (p = 0.053) were stable until D21, while USG was stable until D2 (p = 0.394). When assessing hydration status, it appears that the urine color and osmolality were stable for 21days, while USG was stable for 2days when stored with moisture at 3°C. Our results provide guidelines for practitioners regarding urine storage duration and conditions when urine cannot be analyzed immediately.

Integration of the PEMFC with a hydrogen production device adopting sodium borohydride and metal cobalt catalyst

Hydrolysis technology that releases hydrogen from chemical hydrogen storage materials is a method to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen storage has excellent development potential and is also one of the sources of large amounts of hydrogen. A sodium borohydride hydrogen production experiment was carried out based on steam hydrolysis technology. The system reaction tank is divided into a water-carrying bed and a catalyst bed. A mixed aqueous solution with a concentration of 1 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 10 wt% sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was used for the hydrogen production reaction test. These experiments determined the appropriate aqueous solution and water vapor combination, and optimal parameters for hydrogen production. The hydrogen production catalyst powder, blend ratio, different steel ball ratios, and ball milling time at the steam hydrogen production end will all affect the powder's fineness and hydrogen production stability. Under catalyst temperature control, the by-products solidify at a specific temperature, which affects the gas passage and causes blockage. Increasing the hydrogen production in an aqueous solution requires a Co2+/Al2O3 catalyst, or a temperature control method to catalyze hydrogen production to obtain stable hydrogen production suitable for emergencies without hydrogen storage containers. This experiment built a hydrogen production system combined with a fuel cell for power generation testing. The test process and results indicate whether the aqueous solution and steam technology can be an effective solution when the hydrolysis hydrogen production technology is matched.

High-tunnel Organic Ginger: Response to Propagation Material, Fertilizer, and Prepropagation Rhizome Storage

Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) is a tropical rhizome crop typically grown from rhizome pieces, but can also be produced from seedlings. No information is available on how the seedling method compares with the rhizome piece method in organic ginger culture. In addition, information on the growing of organic ginger in the mid-Atlantic region is lacking. Some of the challenges include limited knowledge of rhizome storage, types of propagation materials for planting in the field or high tunnel, and acceptable organic fertilizers that will not increase the excess P currently polluting the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The objective of this study was to assess plant development, soil nutrients, and economic feasibility of organic ginger derived from different storage conditions and planting materials when grown in different nutrient sources in a high tunnel. Three types of plant material (single-shoot transplant seedlings derived from 36.5–40.0 g/rhizome, multishoot transplant seedlings derived from 60–120 g/rhizome, and rhizome seeds of 60–120 g) and three fertilizers types [cotton seed meal, 6N–0.9P–0.8K (0.18 kg⋅m–2), plus AZOMITE (1 kg⋅m–2); Nature Safe, 13N–0P–0K (0.07 kg⋅m–2); and Phytamin All Purpose Liquid fertilizer, 4N–1.3P–3.3K (0.26 L⋅m–2)] were used in 2018. In 2019 and 2020, three types of plant material and two fertilizer types at modified rates from the 2018 study, plus two storage containers (pans and flats), were tested. In general, the rhizome storage container did not affect plant height, leaf soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, and rhizome yield, and its effect on tillers was none or mixed. Fertilizer type had mixed effects on plant height and tiller number, and no effect on the leaf SPAD index. Rhizome yields in 2019 and 2020 were unaffected by fertilizer, but Nature Safe produced a greater benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) and profitability index (PI) than Phytamin. Soil P was generally less in Nature Safe–fertilized soil than in Phytamin-fertilized soil. Multishoot seedlings produced the greatest rhizome yield, BCR, PI, and tallest plants, and had some of the highest tiller numbers. These findings show that it would be more profitable to use multishoot seedlings as planting material in high tunnels compared with single-shoot seedlings and rhizome seeds. Furthermore, the lower P levels in the Nature Safe–fertilized soils compared with the Phytamin soils, and greater PI suggest that using Nature Safe will be a better choice than Phytamin for growing organic ginger.

HF01-11 TRIALS OF VOIDING IN SPACE: HOW URINE SHAPED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPACESUITS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023HF01-11 TRIALS OF VOIDING IN SPACE: HOW URINE SHAPED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPACESUITS Aaron Huang, Jacob Gaines, and Jason Kim Aaron HuangAaron Huang More articles by this author , Jacob GainesJacob Gaines More articles by this author , and Jason KimJason Kim More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003243.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The Space Race, a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to send a man to the moon, captured the world’s attention in the 1960s. While tensions between the nations ran high, one main focus of NASA scientists was on how to design a spacesuit to handle this harsh, new environment. These suits were created in the most practical fashion – to preserve pressures at high altitudes and protect its wearer. However, they were not created to facilitate voiding as “the first space man is not expected to have ‘to go’,” said a NASA official at the time. METHODS: A review was conducted on the history of the development of space suits using Google and Google Scholar. RESULTS: When it came to the first American in space, Alan Shepard was ready for the mission, undergoing vigorous training, both physical and psychological. What he and the crew were not prepared for on that fateful day of May 5th, 1961 were delays that led to long times spent sitting in his spacesuit waiting for launch. Shepard, unable to hold back his urine much longer, got the approval from mission control to relieve himself in the suit, short-circuiting certain monitors for his vitals. Researchers looked into other approaches to collecting urine; suprapubic and indwelling catheters were swiftly rejected due to discomfort as well as the risk for infection. The second American in space, Gus Grissom, made his own urine reservoir with two pairs of rubber pants, containing the urine between the layers, a creative yet quite impractical method. NASA, seeking to improve the current suit in terms of a urinary collecting device, looked towards the real world for people that lived with impaired detrusor activity to the purchase of a rubber urinal. Engineers created a complex valve on this device that would allow the astronaut to raise the intra-suit pressure when urinating, thus forcing the urine into the storage container, to counteract zero gravity. CONCLUSIONS: Today, maximally absorbent fabrics are utilized by astronauts as their urinary collecting devices that wick off and recycle urine. It was through Shepard’s unplanned trial of voiding into his suit that led to NASA understanding the need for urinary collecting devices, which have come a long way over the past half century. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e259 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Aaron Huang More articles by this author Jacob Gaines More articles by this author Jason Kim More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Identification of Unknown Nanofabrication Chemicals Using Raman Spectroscopy and Deep Learning

Raman spectroscopy is a common identification and analysis technique used in research and manufacturing industries. This study investigates the use of Raman spectroscopy and deep learning techniques for identifying various nanofabrication chemicals. Four solvents and SU-8 developer were identified inside common chemical storage and distribution containers. The containers attenuated the spectra and contributed varying amounts of background fluorescence, making manual identification difficult. Two varieties of SU-8 photoresist were differentiated inside amber glass jars, and cured samples of three ratios of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were differentiated using Raman microscopy. The neural network accurately identified the nanofabrication chemicals 100% of the time, without additional preprocessing. This investigation demonstrates the use of Raman spectroscopy and neural networks for the identification of nanofabrication chemicals and makes recommendations for use in other challenging identification applications.

On the Design Features of Russian Chests (16th — the First Quarter of the 20th Century)

Chest has been used by man for centuries. It served not only as a storage container for documents, valuables, dowry, but also as a table, bed and bench. Throughout the history of Russian chest craft, several basic designs have developed. Despite the importance of the problems and questions related to the design features of the Russian chest, no special research was devoted to them. Information found in the literature is sketchy, and the sources give only the basis for assumptions. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the main designs that existed in the Russian chest production. The main tasks include: the introduction of new information into scientific circulation and the analysis of specific works. The research material involved works from the collection of the State Russian Museum and other museums. Chronological framework of the study is from the 16t through the first quarter of the 20th centuries. This is explained by the fact that the first Russian preserved chests dated back to the 16th century, and beginning with the first quarter of the 20th century, mechanization of production had become increasingly growing in the chest craft, which resulted in a significant decrease in the quality of products. The author comes to the following conclusions: there were four main designs in Russian chest production – sarcophagus, frame-panel (as a variant of the first), ‘dovetail’ and manufacture; there was a dependence of the design of chests on the forms of production organization; the design of the chest can currently be only an additional attributing feature; the repertoire of designs to which European masters applied, was richer than accepted in the Russian chest craft.

Household drinking water quality and its predictors in flood-prone settings of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional community-based study

Globally, the deterioration of drinking water quality is a major public health problem that contributes to the spread of disease and causes death. Therefore, it is important to have regular quality control monitoring. This study aimed to assess the level of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of household drinking water and its contributing factors in flood-prone settlements of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in flood-prone settings of Northwest Ethiopia from January 17 to March 30, 2021. Structured questionnaires were used to gather the sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral data. A total of 675 drinking water samples were collected from water storage containers of selected households. Logistic regression models were used for both univariate and multivariable studies. The survey included a total of 675 households. The mean values of pH (5.9 ± 1.03), turbidity (6.7 ± 2.21 NTU), and free residual chlorine (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/l) did not meet the WHO recommended limits for drinking water. The prevalence of fecal contamination of drinking water in the study area was 62.2% with [95% CI (53–60%)]. Family size [AOR = 2.205, 95% CI (1.375–3.536), absence of latrine [AOR = 3.449, 95% CI (1.349–8.823)], and lack of a separate container to draw water from its storage [AOR = 0.454, 95% CI (0.249–0.827)] were significant predictors for fecal contamination of household drinking water. In conclusion, the water quality in terms of pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, and bacteriological parameters was poor and not suitable for consumption. High prevalence of fecal contamination of water was found, and it was significantly associated with family size, the absence of a latrine, and the lack of a separate cap to take water from the storage. Therefore, continuous chlorination and monitoring its concentration, educating the community on how to use stored water, educating the advantage of having a latrine, and promoting point-of-use treatments such as filtration and boiling are needed.

Expanded waste glass/methyl palmitate/carbon nanofibers as effective shape stabilized and thermal enhanced composite phase change material for thermal energy storage

A prominent choice for phase change materials (PCMs) for passive solar thermoregulation is fatty acids because of their many beneficial characteristics for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). Their low thermal conductivity and additional storage container requirements to prevent leaks during heating time, however, severely restrict their range of applications. In order to address these issues with methyl palmitate (MP) as a phase transition material, it was first doped with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) after being incorporated with expanded waste glass (EWG) using the melting/blending procedure. The SEM, XRD, FTIR, DSC, and TGA techniques were used to investigate the thermal and chemical performance of composite phase change materials (CPCMs). The leak-proof composite phase change materials (LPCPCM) and thermal enhanced shape stabilized composite phase change materials (TE-SSCPCMs) had latent energy between 96.1 and 96.7 J/g and melting temperatures between 26.61 and 27.12 °C. Doping 2, 4, and 8 wt% of CNFs into CPCMs, conductivity got enhanced by 29.2, 62.5, and 112.5 % respectively, due to which, the TE-SSCPCM's charging/discharging periods were significantly shortened without changing their LHTES properties much. Further, evidence came from the thermal cycling test, TGA results, and the impressive thermal reliability, LHTES cycle performance, and chemical compatibility of all manufactured composites.

Quartz–H2–Brine Bacterium Wettability under Realistic Geo-Conditions: Towards Geological Hydrogen Storage

In this study, quartz substrates were incubated in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) culture for 21 days at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to quantify the bacterium effect, i.e., organic metabolite acids on the wetting behavior of the mineral surface. We examined the wettability of the quartz substrate before and after microorganism effects under reservoir conditions, i.e., 0 to 27 MPa pressures and 50 °C temperature. Nevertheless, there is no study reported to date for real geologic conditions, including for hydrogen–bacteria–rock wettability, which is proven to determine storage capacities, withdrawal rates, and containment security. Our findings reveal that the pH value of quartz dipped in the nutrient solution without SRB did not change meaningfully for 21 days. However, it significantly reduced from 7.58 to 5.98 with SRB. These microorganisms produce H2S, release the organic metabolite acids, and change the wettability of the mineral. The wettability of quartz surface changes from 4.2° to 14.4°, i.e., a 10.2% increase at 27 MPa and 50 °C after the bacterium effect. FTIR indicates the hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl group (i.e., acetic acid) spectra in the microorganism solution. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) shows that the concentrations of sulfate (SO42−), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) have significantly reduced after the SRB effect. Overall, strong water-wet quartz shifted to less water-wet quartz after the microorganism effect under the reservoir conditions. SRB slightly reduce the residual trapping effect. Hence, this process might have enhanced the withdrawing efficiency of H2 in high brine-saturated sandstone reservoir rock under the microbial activity.

Numerical Simulation of an Indirect Contact Mobilized Thermal Energy Storage Container with Different Tube Bundle Layout and Fin Structure

The great development of energy storage technology and energy storage materials will make an important contribution to energy saving, reducing emissions and improving energy utilization efficiency. Mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES) technology finds a way to realize value for low-grade heat sources far beyond the demand side. In this paper, an indirect-contact M-TES container is studied using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. By optimizing the heat exchange tube bundle layout and the installed fin structure of the shell and tube type M-TES container, a method of enhancing the charging and discharging efficiency is identified. The peripheral distribution mode of the heat exchanger tubes improves the efficiency of heat charging by 12.6% compared with the traditional uniform layout. The installation of the Y-shaped fins can improve the heat charging efficiency by 8.3%, better than straight fins. Compared with the horizontal installation of Y-shaped fins, the vertical installation of Y-shaped fins is preferred to improve the heat charging efficiency of the M-TES container.

Effect of Long Term Storage of Soil Sample on Some Chemical Properties of Vertisol and Andosol at Kulumsa Agricultural Sub Centers

The present study was conducted at the Kulumsa Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory, Ethiopia from January 2021 to January 2022 to identify the appropriate storage duration of soil samples and recommend good storage materials for soil laboratories. The effects of soil sample storage on the pH, TN (%), OC (%), and available phosphorus were studied for 12 months. The highest and lowest concentrations of pH, TN (%), OC (%), and available phosphorus at the Kulumsa site were: 6.29 and 5.82; 0.17 and 0.12%; 2.93 and 1.70%; 22.53 and 10.88 respectively. At the Arsi Robe site, the highest and lowest concentrations of pH, TN (%), OC (%), and available phosphorus were 6.54 and 5.97, 0.16 and 0.12%, 3.02 and 1.00%, and 19.09 and 10.39 respectively. The highest and lowest concentrations of pH, TN (%), OC (%), and available phosphorus (mg kg1) at the Dera site were 9.14 and 8.47; 0.11, 0.07%; 4.36, 1.04%; and 111.85 and 75.37 respectively. Soil samples were stored in three storage containers with replications. The storage materials a card box with a plastic bag and a polyethylene bottle have not made any significant difference in the results of a soil sample stored under laboratory. A card box with a plastic bag was the appropriate material for soil sample storage for long-term analysis. However, based on the cost effectiveness and availability of the material to be purchased for the soil storage condition, the polyethylene plastic bag was the best option for soil sample storage under laboratory conditions.

Smartvessel: A New Extinguisher Prototype Based on New Materials and IoT Sensors

Smartvessel is an innovative fire extinguisher prototype supported by new materials and IoT technology that seeks to improve the functionality and efficiency of conventional fire extinguishers. Storage containers for gases and liquids are essential for industrial activity as they enable higher energy density. The main contributions of this new prototype are (i) innovation in the use of new materials that provide lighter and more resistant extinguishers, both mechanically and against corrosion in aggressive environments. For this purpose, these characteristics are directly compared in vessels made of steel, aramid fiber and carbon fiber with the filament winding technique. (ii) The integration of sensors that allow its monitoring and provide the possibility of predictive maintenance. The prototype is tested and validated on a ship, where accessibility is complicated and critical. For this purpose, different data transmission parameters are defined, verifying that no data are lost. Finally, a noise study of these measurements is carried out to verify the quality of each data. Acceptable coverage values are achieved with very low read noise, on average less than 1%, and a weight reduction of 30% is obtained.

Characterization of an odor permeable membrane device for the storage of explosives and use as canine training aids.

The storage and use of explosives is regulated at the state and federal level, with a particular focus on physical security and rigorous accounting of the explosive inventory. For those working with explosives for the training and testing of explosive-detecting canines, cross-contamination is an important concern. Hence, explosives intended for use with canine teams must be placed into secondary storage containers that are new, clean, and airtight. A variety of containers meet these requirements and include screw-top glass jars (e.g., mason jars). However, an additional need from the explosive-detecting canine community is secondary containers that can also be used as training aids whereby the volatiles emitted by explosives are emitted in a predictable and stable manner. Currently, a generally accepted method for the storage of explosives and controlled emission of explosive vapor for canine detection does not exist. Ideally, such containers should allow odor to escape from the training aid but block external contaminates such as particulates or other volatiles. One method in use places the explosive inside a permeable cotton bag when in use for training and then stores the cotton bag inside an impermeable nylon bag for long-term storage. This paper describes the testing of an odor permeable membrane device (OPMD) as a new way to store and deploy training aids. We measured the evaporation rate and flux of various liquid explosives and volatile compounds that have been identified in the headspace of actual explosives. OPMDs were used in addition to traditional storage containers to monitor the contamination and degradation of 14 explosives used as canine training aids. Explosives were stored individually using traditional storage bags or inside an OPMD at two locations, one of which actively used the training aids. Samples from each storage type at both locations were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9months and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) with Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). FTIR analyses showed no signs of degradation. GC-MS identified cross-contamination from ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) and/or 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) across almost all samples regardless of storage condition. The contamination was found to be higher among training aids that were stored in traditional ways and that were in active use by canine teams.