Higher Educational Status Research Articles

Sociodemographic features of COVID-19 premature mortality: Serbian individual-level data evidence

Abstract Background In Serbia, premature mortality due to COVID-19 usually has been assessed using aggregated mortality data, thus overlooking the impact of sociodemographic factors. Within the European Burden of Disease Network (COST Action CA18218), we examined the association between several sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 years of life lost (YLL) to reveal potential social inequalities. Methods The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS) has provided disaggregated, anonymized, and individual data on COVID-19 deaths in 2020 and 2021 from death certificates having U07.1 and U07.2 ICD codes as the main cause of death. Additionally, SORS remaining life expectancy and population size estimates were used along with sociodemographic data for each YLL case (sex, time and place of death, type of residential settlement, educational attainment, marital status, and economic activity). Results In the observed two-year period, 38,098 COVID-19 death cases were assessed, of which 72.8% were registered in 2021. The average YLL per death case was 12.51±7.62, and the median YLL was 11.50 (12.60±7.44 for men and 12.39±7.85 for women, p < 0.006). The multivariate linear regression indicated a significant association between the number of YLL and sex (B = 1.02, p < 0.01), residential area (B = 0.21, p < 0.01), educational attainment (B = 0.84, p < 0.01), marital status (B = 1.65, p < 0.01), employment (B=-7.02, p < 0.01) and place of death (B=-1.76, p < 0.01). Conclusions This study demonstrates social inequalities in COVID-19 premature mortality associated with the highest YLL among men, single persons, retired persons, and those with higher education status. We identify significant differences in YLL when comparing different regions. Key messages • Individual-level data reveals differences in premature mortality aggravated by social disparities. • Policymakers should consider sociodemographic factors when designing COVID-19 prevention measures.

Risk of depression and distress in people aged 70+ in a rural area in Germany

Abstract Background Mental health of people living in rural areas is largely unknown. We aim to evaluate mental health of individuals aged 70+ in a German rural region. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study (2018-2019). Participants were a representative sample living in a rural area. Main outcomes for this study were depression and general health (assessed with the PHQ-9 and the GHQ-28, respectively). As independent variables we assessed socio-demographics and access to care. Results Of the 460 participants, 140 (30.4%) were 70+ years old and 320 were between 18-69 (69.6%). The older age group was predominantly male (63.6%) and did not have university degrees (71.9%). 2.2% were employed. 2.1% reported depression symptoms (younger groups: 7.8%, p = 0.019) and 11.0% distress symptoms (younger groups: 28.0%, p < 0.001). Depression and distress were inversely associated with financial worries (p < 0.001). Higher education status was positively associated with depression (p = 0.051). Discussion: Older age was associated with less depression and distress. Results suggest that financial worries in old age contribute significantly to mental health conditions in old age. Interventions to reduce financial stress in old age are needed. Furthermore, longitudinal research is needed to evaluate how depression risk develops in rural areas in different groups.

H - 28 Assessment Following Acquired Injury to the Bilingual Brain: La Importancia De Los Determinantes Sociales De La Salud.

Given the growth of Latine populations in the U.S., variations in language fluency, educational attainment, quality of academic exposure, and access to medical care are essential social determinants of health to consider when assessing language in first generation immigrants, as illustrated through the following case study. A 17-year-old, Spanish-dominant, right-handed, Latina female with right frontoparietal stroke in the setting of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was referred for neuropsychological evaluation one year following two consecutive gamma knife procedures. Complications included seizures (well-managed with Vimpat) and cerebral edema (treated with prolonged, high-dose Dexamethasone) followed by iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. Brain MRI/CT were consistent with ruptured right frontoparietal AVM and vasogenic edema. Patient was a sequential language learner; education was received in Spanish until immigration from Colombia to the U.S. two years prior to injury. Parents completed higher education in Colombia. Consistent with stroke location/associated treatments, results indicated a mild neurocognitive disorder with deficits in cognitive efficiency, executive functioning (particularly on visual-based tasks), and memory. Academic skills also aligned with AVM (word reading: high average; reading comprehension: average; calculation: below average). Interestingly, even in the context of high parental education and dual language learner status, personal weaknesses in native language were identified (one-word expression: low average; semantic verbal fluency: below average). Integrating sociocultural demographic factors into the neuropsychological evaluation process supports a culturally-informed assessment approach and is imperative for practice with multilingual speakers. In this case, language concerns may have indicated premorbid weakness or right-sided/bilateral hemispheric language involvement, warranting follow-up fMRI/language mapping prior to further intervention.

Evaluation of the health-related quality of life and associated factors in Zimbabwean adults living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveHIV remains a global burden, with the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region reporting the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). An exponential improvement in the accessibility and uptake of antiretroviral treatment across SSA has significantly improved outcomes for PLHIV. Hence, HIV care goals have shifted from reducing mortality and morbidity to improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study uses generic and condition-specific HRQoL outcomes to holistically determine the HRQoL of Zimbabwean adult PLHIV and associated factors. HRQoL is a dynamic subject construct that warrants continuous evaluation to provide meaningful feedback to various stakeholders. We enrolled 536 adult PLHIV in Zimbabwe. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression.ResultsOur study shows a high HRQoL perception by Zimbabwean PLHIV. Anxiety, depression, and poor environmental health were widely reported domains influencing HRQoL. Also, being aware of HIV status for over a year, not experiencing an adverse event, being married, having adequate finances and food security and having higher educational status were associated with higher HRQoL. It is essential to integrate mental health care into routine HIV care to improve treatment outcomes and HRQoL. Last, implementing bespoke multisectoral HRQoL-enhancement interventions is paramount.

Higher Education Marketing Strategy: Comparative Study of State Islamic High Education Institution and State Higher Education

The increasing of State Islamic High Education Institutions (PTKIN) in Aceh is contradictory with the minimum interest of Acehnese to study PTKIN. This phenomenon shows an anomaly in Acehnese religiosity level. This paper aimed to seek higher education (HE) marketing strategies in Aceh and to describe the reason for Acehnese low interest in PTKIN. A mixed method was used in this research; meanwhile, an explanatory sequential design was chosen to be the research design. This research was done in 3 PTKIN and 3 State Higher Education (PTU) in Aceh, where 60 Acehnese students were chosen as respondents. Besides quantitative data, qualitative research was done by interviewing, observing, and studying documentation to get more information. The result showed that the products (departments and accreditation) significantly affected students' interest in HE. This article suggested that PTKIN add more departments to present many choices for society as a place to study at a high education level.

Development of Readiness of Future Special Teachers to Improve Professional Activities

The article deals with the issue of preparing future special teachers to improve their professional activities. Currently, the formation of the readiness of future special teachers to improve their professional activities is observed in ensuring the level of accessibility and improving the quality of education. Focusing on the special need to prepare future special teachers for professional activities, it was said that in the conditions of higher education, students can independently develop their intellectual potential, expand their knowledge base, and use them creatively. A comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological literature was carried out, and the issue of systemic preparation of future special teachers for a new situation of professional activity in the pedagogical environment was considered. The results obtained indicate that educational issues in the formation of professional training of future special teachers are not given sufficient attention. Particular attention is paid to special courses and a variety of practical experience in this area. In the article, much attention is paid to the personal qualities of a special teacher based on the system of the modern stage of development of special education. On the basis of the conducted empirical research, the authors come to the conclusion that special attention should be paid to the professional training of future special teachers. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical basis for the formation of the readiness of future special teachers to improve their professional activities and to propose new technologies and methods.

Риск-менеджмент как фактор конкурентоспособности казахстанских вузов

В статье рассмотрена проблема развития риск-менеджмента в образовательной среде Казахстана. Обоснована необходимость образовательного контекста при рассмотрении категории риск-менеджмента, генезис которого связан с экономической сферой. Проведен анализ экспертных представлений о сути системы управления рисками, её роли в обеспечении конкурентоспособности вуза и качества образования. Дана характеристика вектора развития методологии образовательного риск-менеджмента. Предложен сравнительный контекст существующих классификаций рисков, в том числе в условиях высшей школы. Описаны функциональные границы риск-менеджеров казахстанских вузов, нуждающихся в адекватной модели управления рисками, научно-методическом её сопровождении. Проведённый анализ свидетельствует о процессе становления риск-менеджмента в системе высшего образования Казахстана и формировании необходимых правовых условий. В частности, введены в действие нормативные документы, обязывающие учебные заведения Казахстана применять принципы риск-менеджмента, учитывать их при стратегическом планировании своей деятельности и сделать частью корпоративного управления вузом. Авторами раскрыт тезис о том, что в исследовательском сообществе Казахстана наблюдается стремление осмыслить риск-менеджмент как междисциплинарную категорию, сопряженную с педагогическим менеджментом. Приведены примеры обусловленности факторов конкурентоспособности вуза системой управления рисками

Complete continuum of maternity care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last twelve months in Mekane Selam town North-East Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study,2021.

Complete continuum of maternity care has significant value in improving the health and wellbeing of mothers and newborns. Assessing the complete continuum of maternity care is a global priority, particularly in developing countries. Despite the fact that the complete continuum of maternity care prevents more than half of all maternal and neonatal deaths, Ethiopia remains one of the largest contributors to the global burden of maternal and neonatal deaths due to the low implementation of the complete continuum of maternity care. Thus, this study aimed to assess the coverage of the complete continuum of maternity care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months in the study area. A community-based cross-sectional study with a multistage sampling technique was conducted among 479 mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months in Mekane Selam town. Data were collected from September 1 to November 30/2021 using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a P- value< 0.05 were used to identify significantly associated factors. The coverage of a complete continuum of maternity care was 42.4% (95% CI: 37.9%, 47%). Respondents with higher educational status (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.52, 11.44), pre-pregnancy contraception utilization (AOR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.80, 6.92), planned pregnancy (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.27, 6.97) and early initiation of antenatal care (AOR = 4.57, 95% CI: 2.86, 7.31) were significantly associated with complete continuum of maternity care. The coverage of complete continuum of maternal care was low in the study area. The coverage could be expanded by making the necessary interventions on the associated factors. It is essential for women to acquire education, utilize contraception, plan their pregnancies, and begin antenatal care at an early age in order to enhance the coverage of complete continuum of maternity care.

HUMAN RESOURCES AS AN EVALUATION CRITERIA QUALITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

The article presents the definition and assessment of the role of human potential in ensuring the quality of the implementation of the educational program in the conditions of higher education. It has been proven that the European integration of Ukraine involves ensuring the quality of higher education in order to prepare a competitive specialist for the domestic and international labor market. Specialist training is a multidimensional process that requires special attention to human potential and human resources. Creating adequate conditions for the preparation of competitive human capital also requires a decent level of scientific and pedagogical workers involved in the implementation of the educational program.It is well-founded that the quality of implementation of educational programs depends on the activity of cooperation of internal and external stakeholders. The quality of the implementation of the educational program will be facilitated by systematic measures to improve the professionalism of teachers and the effectiveness of clear and transparent procedures for monitoring the professionalism of scientific and pedagogical workers.It was established that the management of the educational program at the academic level is carried out by the guarantor, whose task is the organization of the collegial development of the educational program, the implementation of quality control of the work of scientific and pedagogical workers, the analysis and implementation of the best experience of world and domestic higher education in the content and technology of the implementation of the educational program; interaction with employers and graduates, etc.It is proven that the development of the educational program requires an effective system of personnel development, the creation of opportunities for self-improvement and self-development of scientific and pedagogical workers who implement the educational program, a systematic study of their professional needs and requests.&#x0D; Keywords: quality of education; quality of the educational program; human resources; stakeholders; guarantor; scientific and pedagogical workers; employers; evaluation criteria.

The Urgency of Implementation and Challenges of Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka: An Analysis Study at State Higher Education in Kalimantan

This study aims to describe and analyze the urgency of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka program along with its implementation and challenges of higher education in Kalimantan, which has launched the Merdeka Learn-Independence Campus. It also identifies and evaluates the indicators for identifying Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka, including student exchanges, internships/work practices, project assistance, economic activities, independent studies/projects, thematic KKN, and teaching assistance in education units. The research method used is descriptive analysis. Data was collected using literature and field studies. Interviews and observations were used in field studies. University-based data sources in Kalimantan include Tanjungpura University, Palangka Raya University, Lambung Mangkurat University, Mulawarman University, Borneo Tarakan University, and the Kalimantan Institute of Technology. The research findings show that the five tertiary institutions in Kalimantan have implemented the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka program by carrying out student exchange programs, apprenticeships/work practices, project assistance, economic activities, independent studies/projects, thematic KKN, and teaching assistance in higher education units. , while the implementation process is carried out highly sustainably by its singularity. The five tertiary institutions already have the capacity by the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka standards stipulated by laws and regulations.

Patient-reported unmet supportive care needs in long-term colorectal cancer survivors after curative treatment in an Asian population

Despite an increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival, less is known about CRC-specific long-term unmet supportive needs in Asian patients. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of long-term unmet needs and identify clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with increased unmet needs in Asian CRC survivors. We conducted a cross-sectional study that assessed unmet needs using the Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs scale. CRC survivors of at least two years after undergoing curative surgery were recruited from an outpatient clinic of a large public hospital in Singapore. In total, 400 CRC survivors with a mean age of 64 and a median survival time post-surgery of 78 months participated in the study. Approximately half of patients (52%) reported at least one unmet need. Male gender (RR 1.19, p=0.01), age greater than 65 years (RR 0.63, p<0.0001), longer follow up of more than 5 years (RR 0.80, p=0.009), presence of a permanent stoma (RR 1.78, p<0.0001), prior radiotherapy in treatment course (RR 1.99, p<0.0001), higher educational status (RR 1.30, p=0.0002), currently employed (RR 0.84, p=0.014), currently married (RR 0.84, p=0.01) were significant predictors for increased unmet needs. There is a high prevalence of unmet needs in long-term Asian CRC survivors, which underscores the importance of screening patients to allow for early detection of unmet needs. Our findings on sociodemographic and clinical predictors can inform the development of targeted interventions tailored to the need domains and improvement of survivorship programmes.

Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Palestine

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). Disease activity has been suggested as an important indicator for QoL in patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disease activity and patient QoL.&#x0D; Methods: A correlation cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to February 2018. We collected a convenience sample from three major hospitals in southern and northern Palestine. A disease-specific inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) was used to examine QoL and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 20.&#x0D; Findings: 132 patients were involved in this study. The mean age was 34 years (SD 13) and 77 (58.3%) patients were men. Active disease had been reported in 81 participants (61.4%) in the previous six months. The average IBDQ scores were 150.72 ± 30.08. Emotional and bowel domains were more disrupted than other domains. Active disease was the major significant factor associated with IBD patients’ QoL in all-dimensional scores (p&lt;0.001). Regression analysis revealed that patients in remission (r2 = 0.436, p&lt;0.001), with high educational status (r2 =0.035, p=0.009) and using azathioprine (r2 =0.017, p=0.034) were independently associated with high QoL.&#x0D; Conclusions: This study showed a low QoL among Palestinian IBD patients compared to other countries, and identified a number of significant associated factors that should be considered when dealing with IBD.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy: Associations with Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Parameters, Perinatal Outcomes, and Breastfeeding Practices.

Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been recognized as a beneficial nutritional pattern that promotes human health, decreasing the risks of a variety of human disorders and pathological states, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this aspect, the current survey aimed to assess the potential association of compliance with the MD during gestation with various sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5688 pregnant women from 10 distinctive Greek areas. Face-to-face interviews with qualified questionnaires and thorough retrievals of medical records were performed to collect data concerning the participants' sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Results: Elevated compliance with the MD during pregnancy was independently related with older age, higher educational status, and better economic status as well as decreased incidences of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excess gestational weight gain and a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes. Moreover, greater adherence to the MD was independently associated with an increased prevalence of delivering vaginally and a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least 16 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: A higher level of compliance with the MD for the period of gestation was associated with several favorable lifestyle factors that may promote maternal health. Further studies with a prospective design as well as studies exploring the potential effects of maternal compliance with the MD for the period of pregnancy on the health of children should be performed. Future studies should also be extended beyond the MD by assessing the potential beneficial effects of adopting a Mediterranean lifestyle on maternal and child health.

Socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyle in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of a national survey

BackgroundMultiple lifestyle risk factors exhibit a stronger association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to a single factor, emphasizing the necessity of considering them collectively. By integrating these major lifestyle risk factors, we can identify individuals with an overall unhealthy lifestyle, which facilitates the provision of targeted interventions for those at significant risk of NCDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyles among adolescents and adults in Ethiopia.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey, based on the World Health Organization's NCD STEPS instruments, was conducted in Ethiopia. The survey, carried out in 2015, involved a total of 9,800 participants aged between 15 and 69 years. Lifestyle health scores, ranging from 0 (most healthy) to 5 (most unhealthy), were derived considering factors such as daily fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking status, prevalence of overweight/obesity, alcohol intake, and levels of physical activity. An unhealthy lifestyle was defined as the co-occurrence of three or more unhealthy behaviors. To determine the association of socio-demographic factors with unhealthy lifestyles, multivariable logistic regression models were utilized, adjusting for metabolic factors, specifically diabetes and high blood pressure.ResultsApproximately one in eight participants (16.7%) exhibited three or more unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, which included low fruit/vegetable consumption (98.2%), tobacco use (5.4%), excessive alcohol intake (15%), inadequate physical activity (66%), and obesity (2.3%). Factors such as male sex, urban residency, older age, being married or in a common-law relationship, and a higher income were associated with these unhealthy lifestyles. On the other hand, a higher educational status was associated with lower odds of these behaviors.ConclusionIn our analysis, we observed a higher prevalence of concurrent unhealthy lifestyles. Socio-demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, marital status, residence, income, and education, were found to correlate with individuals' lifestyles. Consequently, tailored interventions are imperative to mitigate the burden of unhealthy lifestyles in Ethiopia.

Research on Higher Education Level in Different Regions of China--Based on factors and clustering

This paper uses factor analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate and classify the development level and status of higher education in various regions of China. It is found that the level of educational development is greatly related to the economic strength and urban development level of various regions, and there is an imbalance between the development of the east and the west in the level of higher education, especially the development level of ethnic minority areas and the weak development level of the western region.In order to promote the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of China's higher education, regional governments should make improvements, such as promoting the construction of new methods of higher education such as MOOC.

Medication error in geriatric population of an urban area and its relation with different factors influencing medication error

Medication errors have been a matter of concern since the time we started using medicines. The frequency of these errors is influenced by a number of factors few of them were pretty obvious and few surprising. Keeping this in mind this research was designed and carried out in geriatric population of an urban area. We tried to evaluate the role of various factors which influence medication error in geriatric population.1-Primary objective was to estimate the frequency of medication error. 2-Secondary objective was to find out relation of different factors related to medication error. This is a cross sectional study which aims to estimate the frequency of medication error in 250 patients of geriatric age group (Age More Than 65 Years) residing in an urban area and factors related to medication error For this a questionnaire was prepared which had questions related to demographic details and few questions focused on knowing the factors that could have an influence on medication error. These factors were taken into consideration as per the previous studies which were done on medication error.It was found that more than 80% of patients thought that medication errors are only those incidents where they use a medication other than what was prescribed to them hence Patients were properly explained what medication error actually is e.g. they were told that even if they take the correct mediation in wrong dose, frequency or duration it accounts for medication error and after this they started recalling incidents when they have faced these errors. There responses were entered into these questionnaire/case record forms which were later analysed.The data was entered in MS excel and analysed using Epi Info software. The quantitative variables were analysed as frequency. Association between variables was analysed using chi square test. P value &amp;#60;0.05 was considered as significant .The incidence of medication error was found to be 53% and its frequency was higher in patients with greater number of medications, increasing number of chronic health conditions , while it was lower in patients with higher educational status ,those belonging to lower age groups and if doctor or pharmacist explained the medications to them. surprisingly its frequency was low in patients who could just identify their medication with their health condition. It was concluded that medication errors are common health related issue in patients of geriatric age group and a number of factors can influence its incidence. If these factors are properly addressed it will have a considerable impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with this problem.

Challenges and Obstacles in Implementation of State Defense in University

Based on The Fund for Place's survey regarding the global vulnerability index, data shows that Indonesia is currently ranked 99th out of 178 countries in the world. In this case, Indonesia will receive a warning as its predicate, and one day it may enter a high warning level. Indonesia's lower position in the global vulnerability index is none other than the result of the low participation of the younger generation in implementing state defense. This study aims to identify, process, and analyze data empirically regarding the challenges and obstacles to defending the state in higher education along with recommendations for solutions. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method, because this research will describe the current situation systematically and factually with the aim of analyzing data by describing or describing the data that has been collected as a solution to the research problem.

Determinants of fruit consumption in adult women in Indonesia

Background: Fruit consumption in Indonesia is low, while diet related diseases are climbing, including among adult women where obesity prevalence is the highest. This study aimed to analyze determinants of fruit consumption among adult women aged 19–49 years in the country. Methods: Analysis was done to secondary data on food consumption obtained from a cross sectional survey of the national Basic Health Research 2010. The potential determinants analyzed were nutritional status (body mass index, BMI), age, formal education, marital status, economic status (quintile), and region. The logistic regression model was applied. Results: The results showed that adult women in Indonesia had higher odds of consuming more fruits if they were with higher BMI (OR BMI &gt; 25=1.093, CI:1.026–1.165), in the older age group (OR middle-aged adult=1.079, CI:1.013–1.150), had higher educational status (OR completed elementary School or higher=2.070, CI:1.909–2.244), from higher economic status (OR high=2.258, CI:2.112–2.413), and resided in urban regions (OR urban area=1.305, CI:1.230–1.385). Meanwhile, being married appeared to hinder fruit consumption (OR=0.915, CI:0.849–0.986). Conclusions: Fruit consumption among adult women in Indonesia showed disparities between socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Thus intervention to improve fruit consumption should involve improving nutritional knowledge, especially among those with lower level of consumption (e.g married women), as well as improving access and availability of fruit for women from lower socioeconomic status and rural areas. This could include the use of locally available fruits that is less expensive and more accessible.

The Effect of Occupational Health and Safety Education on Hazelnut Agriculture Workers' Knowledge Levels Related to Physical and Ergonomic Hazards

Objective: The study aimed at identifying dangers and risks encountered by hazelnut farm workers and exploring the effect of occupational health and safety training about hazelnut farming upon the workers’ knowledge level. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this research, which was conducted as an intervention study, the pre-test post-test single-group research pattern was used. Training and brochures were given to 60 hazelnut agriculture employees selected using a random sampling method after the pretest. The change in the current knowledge score was examined statistically with the last test application two weeks later.&#x0D; Results: 53.3% of the participants were male and their average age was 43.0±14.4 years. 60.0% of the participants stated that they had accidents while they were engaged in hazelnut farming and 71.7% of them did not have any training about occupational health and safety previously. Participants’ score of knowledge about physical dangers and risks as to occupational health and safety was 62.7±17.8 before the training while it significantly increased to 79.3±16.3 after the training. It was seen that after the training held; having a previous training, having high educational status, having no accidents previously and being at a young age affected post-test scores significantly. &#x0D; Conclusion: In the study, it was explored that hazelnut farming workers in Trabzon Province lacked knowledge about physical and ergonomic risks in relation to occupational health and safety. For the trainings of the workers; universities, provincial and district directorates of agriculture and agriculture cooperatives can be used.

Association of Maternal Education With Nutritional Outcomes of Poor Children With Stunting in Indonesia.

The consequences of poverty and food insecurity can indirectly contribute to obesity. Long-term effect of stunting children may be the risk factor for overweight and obesity in the poor in Indonesia. The role of parental education is also associated with overweight and obesity in children. This study wanted to see the risk of stunted children becoming overweight and obese based on maternal education among poor people in Indonesia. This study involved three cohorts design. Cohort 1 is a 14-year cohort, and two 7-year cohorts for cohorts 2 and 3. We used secondary longitudinal data from Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 3 (2000), IFLS 4 (2007), and IFLS 5 (2014). After stratification by high maternal education and economic status of the family, there is an increased risk of stunting children becoming overweight and obese, with a risk ratio of 2 in cohort 1 and 1.69 in cohort 2. These results show that stunted children with high-education mothers and stay lived in the low-income family have a 1.69 to 2 times higher risk of becoming overweight and obese. This result shows the importance of primary education and health education for women to increase children's health in the future.