Instability Conditions Research Articles

Receptivity of the rotating disk boundary layer to traveling disturbances

An adjoint approach is developed to undertake a receptivity study of the rotating disk boundary layer. The adjoint linearized Navier–Stokes equations are first derived in cylindrical coordinates. A receptivity formula is then formulated that specifies the response of stationary and traveling linear perturbations to an external force, including sources of momenta and mass and unsteady wall motion. Using the parallel flow approximation, in which the radial dependence of the undisturbed flow is ignored, receptivity characteristics are computed for a broad range of temporal frequencies, radial wavenumbers, azimuthal mode numbers, and Reynolds numbers. The type-I crossflow instability attains a maximum amplitude for external forces fixed near the wall-normal location of the critical layer (i.e., α¯rF+βG=ω), and the type-II Coriolis instability achieves larger amplitudes when external forces are located in the vicinity of a vanishing effective shear stress (i.e., α¯rF′+βG′=0). Sources of radial momenta fixed about these wall-normal locations establish larger-sized disturbances than equivalent-sized sources of azimuthal momenta, wall-normal momenta, and mass. At the disk surface, motion along the wall-normal direction induces a stronger receptivity response than wall motions acting along the radial and azimuthal directions. In general, the crossflow instability achieves larger-sized amplitudes than the Coriolis instability, with the peak response realized for Reynolds numbers near the critical conditions for linear instability.

«Государство – наука – образование – бизнес»: стратегиче- ское партнерство в целях поддержки человеческого капитала и экономического развития

Introduction: human capital, the level of support for which directly affects the development of national and global economies, is a multifaceted concept that requires close attention from the main economic agents – government, science, education and business, as well as their unification when facing the problem of increasing human resources potential under conditions of external environment instability. Objectives: to proposal of economic agents role model in the interests of maintaining their long-term economic, educational and technological cooperation. Methods: logical method, system method, economic analysis, graphical modeling. Results: the need to identify the educational element in the “triple helix” concept and its modifications has been justified. The author’s role model for government, science, education and business is graphically presented in the context of partnerships under modern conditions; a corresponding matrix of competencies has been compiled based on eight parameters grouped into two broad areas. Systematization of coordination problems in “government – science – education – business” partnership within the Russian economy made it possible to identify key areas of cooperation in the form of an updated graphic role model and an adjusted matrix of economic agents competencies. Further prospects for research in the area under consideration are noted. Conclusions: a new format of functions within the framework of a role model, development of feedback channels as a tool for partner communications and satisfying the interests of partners because of resource exchange will allow to keep up a decent level of human capital in the Russian economy, improving its quality and increasing the innovative activity of scientific and educational organizations.

Steady states and spatiotemporal dynamics of a diffusive predator-prey system with predator harvesting

<p>From the perspective of ecological control, harvesting behavior plays a crucial role in the ecosystem natural cycle. This paper proposes a diffusive predator-prey system with predator harvesting to explore the impact of harvesting on predatory ecological relationships. First, the existence and boundedness of system solutions were investigated and the non-existence and existence of non-constant steady states were obtained. Second, the conditions for Turing instability were given to further investigate the Turing patterns. Based on these conditions, the amplitude equations at the threshold of instability were established using weakly nonlinear analysis. Finally, the existence, direction, and stability of Hopf bifurcation were proven. Furthermore, numerical simulations were used to confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis and show that harvesting has a strong influence on the dynamical behaviors of the predator-prey systems. In summary, the results of this study contribute to promoting the research and development of predatory ecosystems.</p>

HIDDEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: REASONS AND FEATURES

The purpose of the article is to substantiate and systematize the causes and features of hidden entrepreneurship in the national economy. It is noted that the generalization of the problem of the appearance and reasons for the development of hidden entrepreneurship creates conditions for determining the methods of reducing its level in Ukraine at the current stage. Identification of the main reasons, as well as awareness of the negative consequences of the further development of hidden entrepreneurship for the national economy should become the foundation for the transformation of the institutional environment in the country. Attention is focused on the fact that in scientific works there is a position that the emergence of the "underground economy" is due to endogenous reasons of self-awareness of entrepreneurs, their attitude to existing restrictions and prohibitions, as well as their attitude to the justice of the existence of such restrictions. The reasons for the appearance of hidden entrepreneurship are divided into general and partial. It was determined that common causes exist as a result of prohibitions and restrictions that are established regarding the regulation of the main aspects of economic activity. In turn, partial or specific reasons lead to the emergence of hidden entrepreneurship at the level of individual operations, types of activities, in relation to a specific restriction or prohibition. It was determined that the next stage in the development of social business began at the end of the 20th century as a result of the creation of the first social enterprises. It is during this period that the concept of "social business" begins to be used, which takes on the characteristics of a socio-economic phenomenon and is the subject of independent research by scientists. Thus, analyzing the given historical milestones in the development of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship, two approaches to solving social problems that have arisen in society are highlighted: financial and institutional. It is substantiated that a significant reason for the possible appearance of hidden entrepreneurship is the practical implementation of the relationship between politics and the shadow economy. In addition, an important reason for the appearance of hidden entrepreneurship is the intention and desire of business to "survive" in conditions of socio-economic instability. This is due to the fact that the excessive costs faced by entrepreneurship in the legal sphere put the entrepreneur himself on the edge of survival, which leads to the forced transfer of the business into the shadows. It is pointed out that the reasons for the appearance of hidden entrepreneurship are also related to circumstances of an objective nature. In this case, it is not so much about a deliberate violation of the established restrictions as about their absence or insufficient formation. It is primarily about the emergence of operations and activities related to the intensification of the use and spread of information and communication technologies, the development of creative industries, social networks, etc. It is justified that in order to explain the cause-and-effect relationships of hidden entrepreneurship, it is advisable to pay attention to the possibilities of using a behavioral approach. That is, the study of the essence of behavior regarding the implementation of hidden entrepreneurship is expedient to conduct also from the standpoint of a behavioral approach and a separate aspect – deviant behavior. Attention is focused on the fact that the basis of behavior oriented towards hidden entrepreneurship is the motive of preserving activity, saving costs, and striving to increase one's own wealth. Usually, this behavior is accompanied by the choice of a form of shadow operations, given the scale of the business and risk appetite. It was determined that the main essential characteristics of behavior oriented towards hidden entrepreneurship are: individuality, propensity to risk, the search for a compromise between the expectation of income and the avoidance of losses. It was concluded that hidden entrepreneurship from the point of view of cause-and-effect relationships is one of the forms of the embodiment of the behavior of the subject of economic relations, which reflects the complex interaction of his rational and emotional motives. The main consequences of hidden entrepreneurship can be: a decrease in competition, especially in the case of an established partnership of shadow business with politics; receiving benefits, privileges, exclusive rights in the state, including due to corruption and lobbying for draft laws; reducing the risks of economic activity; the possibility of legalization of illegally obtained income; illegal appropriation of rights to economic benefits; the formation of stocks of money of shadow origin, due to the need to pay shadow expenses.

Зміцнення конкурентоспроможності регіональних ринків праці в Україні як механізм протистояння безпековим викликам

The article updates the issue of ensuring the competitiveness of regional labor markets of Ukraine in conditions of critical instability caused by the consequences of the full-scale war. The aim of the study is to substantiate the priorities and tools for strengthening the competitiveness of regional labor markets in Ukraine as a mechanism for confronting security challenges. It was noted that the war became a systemic challenge not only to the functioning, but also to the preservation of the civilized labor market. It has been proven that, in the current situation, the State administration and local self-government bodies should activate, first of all, the economic tools of regulation in order to preserve the key structural characteristics of the labor market, existing jobs and opportunities for employment, self-employment, available human and, in particular, labor-resource capital, but also rational use of potentially new opportunities. At this, the main focus should be on preserving the human potential of the country and its regions against the background of high migration activity of the population. Four key directions of the regional policy of strengthening the competitiveness of the regional labor markets of Ukraine have been identified: 1) structural; 2) normative and legal; 3) infrastructural; 4) security. It is shown that from the point of view of subjects of regulation, regional policy should be oriented towards overcoming the main challenges, risks and threats to the functioning of the labor market and their impact on the regional economy. From this position, the entire range of economic levers and means of management is contrasted with the factors and consequences of: 1) the full-scale war; 2) post-war reconstruction of national and regional economies; 3) the preservation of systemic problems and obstacles to the functioning of the labor market; 4) the development of its structural asymmetries, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the specifics and impact of migration processes on the regional socioeconomic system. It is decided that this method is characterized by timeliness and systematicity, adaptability to the existential challenges of the existence of Ukraine, its integrity and security.

Case Analysis and Future Expectations of Chinese Enterprises Suffering Heavy Losses in the International Futures Market: Take the Bank of China and Tsingshan LME as Examples

Affected by various factors such as COVID-19 epidemic and war, the world economic situation changes more frequently, which leads to increased instability in the international and domestic financial derivatives market. For the substantial changes in the international and domestic financial derivatives market, how to deal with sudden changes and analyze the failure cases in the change of financial derivatives is of far-reaching significance to the rapidly developing domestic financial derivatives market. By taking the Bank of China “crude oil treasure’ margin call liquidation case and Tsingshan LME Nickel Futures Squeeze Case as the core of the study, this paper uses case analysis method to deeply study the possible problems and failures in the futures market under the condition of financial derivatives market instability and puts forward suggestions on how to deal with these problems. This paper analyzes the attributes and characteristics of China’s ‘crude oil treasure’ products and nickel futures products, restores the event process, describes the impact of the event on investors, trading institutions and banks, and puts forward suggestions for improvement. The suggestions in this paper are as follows: First, the company and the regulatory department should strengthen risk supervision and management; Second, companies and investors should improve their professional capabilities.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ЯК ОСНОВИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НА МІКРОРІВНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the economic sustainability and economic security of an enterprise in the conditions of multiple external environment.In the conditions of instability of the external environment of enterprises, the problems of ensuring their economic stability and adaptability acquire priority importance. Ensuring the economic stability of the enterprise is a guarantee of viability and the basis of stable economic development, competitive position and competitive advantages in the market. It gives priority in attracting investments, obtaining loans, choosing contractors and attracting qualified personnel. The higher the economic stability of the enterprise, the higher its adaptability, independence from changes in the market and, therefore, the lower the probability of bankruptcy.It is proven that the economic security of the enterprise largely depends on the component of economic stability, solvency, liquidity, profitability. It is indisputable that economic sustainability is the basis of enterprise security and the ability to implement development strategies in conditions of minimizing the impact of risks, threats and dangers. It was noted that the effectiveness of the relationship and mutual influence of the economic stability and security of the enterprise is reflected in its financial flexibility based on the ability to change the volume and structure of funding sources, as well as the directions of investment of financial resources due to the influence of risks, threats, dangers of the internal and external environment.Therefore, without ensuring the economic stability of their enterprises in the conditions of a market economy, enterprises will not be able to operate successfully on the market. The modern market is constantly changing. Since changes are happening quickly, adapting to them becomes a significant advantage of enterprises in the fight against competitors.

Industrialization and prefabrication of thin vaults and shells in Latin America during the second half of the 20th century

After World War II, the socio-economic difficulties in some Latin American countries often led to political instability conditions. In this complex context, solutions were adopted by some designers to meet looming needs: housing for populations reduced to poverty and the construction of strategic infrastructures. In these countries, starting from the 1940s, the introduction of new techniques and materials – such as concrete and steel – enabled the industrialization of building processes. This also allowed the experimentation of standardized models of thin vaults and shells using the traditional thin vaults, whose technique was imported from the Iberian Peninsula as a reference. The solution of “thin” vaults is one of the most interesting, given the peculiarities that distinguish it from other systems. The small thickness of such vaults derives from the consideration that their strength is determined by their shape and cohesive behavior, following the theories of R. Guastavino Moreno. Based on these assumptions, this paper aims to review some solutions developed for the prefabrication of thin vaults and the construction of some remarkable buildings. Based on the principles of prefabrication and reinterpretation of the traditional construction technique, the solutions adopted in some emblematic buildings can be useful for suggesting the development of new technical solutions to put in place shells and thin vaults in the second millennium.

Frequency jump of a flickering buoyant jet diffusion flame influenced by ambient coflow

Flickering of laminar diffusion flames is known to be caused by the buoyancy-induced toroidal vortices attached to the outer flame surface, making a classical model for understanding flame-vortex interactions. This work experimentally investigates the impacts of ambient coflow on the flickering behaviors of a buoyant jet diffusion flame. Utilizing a simultaneous high-speed flame imaging/OH⁎ chemiluminescence imaging/particle image velocimetry measurement system, the evolutions and interactions of coherent flame and flow structures are resolved. The results demonstrate that the periodic deformation of the flame surface (i.e., flame flickering) arises from the periodic formation, growth, and shedding of the buoyancy-induced outer vortex rings (OVRs), manifesting as a hydrodynamic instability developing along the outer shear layer (OSL). Upon applying a weak-to-moderate coflow, the flame bulge's size gradually reduces, and the flickering frequency slightly increases with increasing coflow velocity. The notable frequency jump phenomenon is confirmed as the coflow velocity rises to a threshold value such that the flickering frequency undergoes a sudden increase of 3–4 Hz; this is also accompanied by a significant reduction in the flame bulge's size and a delay in flame pinch-off. Moreover, a second frequency jump of 2–3 Hz occurs at a higher coflow velocity. Based on quantitative analysis of the OVR core's evolution, we find that the frequency jumps result from a sudden downstream shift of the initial OVR core, essentially indicating the jump of the instability onset point of the OSL. From a hydrodynamic instability perspective, this phenomenon can be explained as a stabilization effect of the coflow on the OSL, resulting in the re-establishment of the instability condition in a downstream location.

Variable Rainfall over Steady SST: The Effect of the Free Troposphere on Surface Pressure in the East Pacific

Abstract Surface winds and precipitation over the tropical oceans are related to sea surface temperature (SST) through multiple mechanisms. Greater SST is associated with greater conditional instability, which in turn is more conducive to deep convection. The associated mass and flow responses can extend to the surface, via associated pressure gradients imprinted on the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). SST also influences surface pressure and wind directly through its control over PBL temperature, as explained by Lindzen and Nigam. The authors examine the relative magnitudes of these two influences over the eastern tropical Pacific on subseasonal precipitation variability during northern summer, when and where SST gradients are largest and the direct influence via PBL temperature is expected to be strongest. Geopotential at 1000 hPa is partitioned into two components: the geopotential at the PBL top (the PBL top is chosen to be 850 hPa, supported by an analysis of the vertical structure of geopotential and temperature) and the PBL thickness. These fields are composited on quintiles of daily ITCZ precipitation both with and without a high-pass filter that isolates subseasonal time scales. The PBL thickness varies little between the highest and lowest precipitation quintiles, while the PBL top geopotential varies much more. This supports a view in which the direct contribution of SST to the surface pressure and flow fields, including the associated PBL convergence over sharp SST maxima, can be viewed as a steady forcing on the rest of the column, while free-tropospheric transients contribute most of the variability associated with precipitation on subseasonal time scales.

FORECASTING UKRAINE'S EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS

Forecasting external public debt under conditions of uncertainty is important as it allows the country to respond adequately to economic and financial challenges, promotes efficient management of financial resources, formation of a stable financial policy and ensures the country's external debt security, which are critical elements for ensuring economic sustainability and sustainable development. The article's main purpose is to critically analyze and apply existing time-series forecasting methodologies to determine the future values of Ukraine's external public debt in conditions of uncertainty caused by the still unresolved consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and russia's invasion and full-scale war in Ukraine. Using three forecasting methods, namely trendline extrapolation, exponential smoothing, and autoregressive and moving average models, the paper forecasts the volume of external public debt until 2029 and presents a graphical representation of the debt dynamics from 2011 to 2029. The most pessimistic forecast for the growth of external public debt was revealed when applying the method of data extrapolation based on the trendline. A comparative analysis of the forecast values for the three forecasting methods has revealed common trends in the growth of public debt, as well as the key advantages and disadvantages inherent in each model. Importantly, the article emphasizes the common risks identified in forecasting Ukraine's external debt using time series analysis models, including the problem of achieving only short-term forecasting accuracy and insufficient flexibility taking into account complex and unexpected changes that may arise in conditions of uncertainty and economic instability. The results of the study provide valuable information for policymakers and stakeholders trying to navigate the complexities of managing external public debt under uncertainty.

Transformation of Multi-Level Governance based on Global Strategies of the EU and National Resilience of Ukraine under Conditions of Hybrid Threats

The article examines various aspects of the transformation of multi-level management based on the application of EU global strategies and the definition of the institutional foundations of the formation of the national system of stability of Ukraine in the conditions of hybrid threats. It is emphasized that the focus on the implementation of the common policy and global strategies of the EU regarding the functioning of the new European model of multi-level management, strategic security and stability should be determined by the coherence of the key subjects of strategic decision-making, aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of such policies and strategies in the conditions of global influences and hybrid threats. It is proved that the transformation of multi-level management in relation to the European security strategy also changes the perception of the relevant threats towards their acquisition of a hybrid character in the conditions of long-term instability in the social, economic, political and energy spheres. This indicates, first of all, the increasing complexity of the geopolitical environment in the permanent process of the security transformation of the EU, which is taking place in the conditions of the spread of regional and local conflicts and their territorial approach directly to the borders of the EU and is characterized by a crisis in the system of international relations, which is associated with changes in the dominance of the liberal model of public policy in the direction of a more pragmatic, i.e. real policy, which is based mainly on the real conditions and possibilities of power relations, both in relation to the domestic and foreign policy of the vast majority of the countries of united Europe. It was determined that the Ukrainian context of the formation of a national system of stability should be based on a clear understanding of threats to the national security of Ukraine, which according to the Law of Ukraine "On National Security" should be considered: phenomena, trends and factors that make it impossible or difficult or may make it impossible or difficult to realize national interests and preservation of Ukraine's national values, and under stability - the ability of society and the state to quickly adapt to changes in the security environment and maintain sustainable functioning, in particular by minimizing external and internal vulnerabilities. It is proposed to consider the national system of stability as one that should ensure the ability of society and the state, as the highest form of its institutionalization: to identify external and internal threats, to direct activities in the field of national security to the timely identification of other vulnerabilities, to assess real and potential threats to national security , take actions to prevent negative impacts, as well as ensure effective response and quick recovery from the consequences of emergency situations and crisis events, including and hybrid threats. It is noted that the further development of the concept of multi-level management in the context of ensuring the comprehensive security of the state should be focused primarily on the use of effective mechanisms of influence, through the use of international-legal, political-diplomatic, organizational-economic, socio-humanitarian and others, including safety means, as well as the implementation of appropriate measures.

Icis Treatment for Different MSI Colorectal Cancer: Theoretical Basis, Status Quo And Outlook

As the third cancer worldwide, the incidence and the cancer-related mortality is both high in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The treatment of CRC has standard methods, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other general therapy. However, these systemic therapies are not specific, which are also toxic for normal cells and show many side effects in patients. New immunotherapeutic strategies have changed the landscape of treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC), especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). After research, the condition of microsatellite instability (MSI) has proven to be one of the main influencing factors of ICIs' efficacy. This review comprehensively analyses the possible mechanisms underlying the varying efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of different MSI tumors and evaluates potential therapeutic strategies that offer possible ways to overcome resistance mechanisms.

Innovative approaches to business management in conditions of economic instability

Innovative approaches to business management in conditions of economic instability

ASSESSMENT AND WAYS TO MINIMIZE THE FINANCIAL RISKS OF THE BANKING SECTOR UNDER FINANCIAL INSTABILITY

The article is devoted to the assessment of financial risks of the banking sector, their impact on the activity of banks and their minimization in conditions of economic instability. The banking sector is a key link that ensures the development of the financial system, but banking activity is risky. Therefore, it is important to study banking risks and ways to minimize them in order to increase the efficiency and stability of the banking system. The article provides a classification of banking risks in accordance with domestic literature. Factors due to which banking institutions are exposed to risks are reflected. Financial risks of the banking sector affect the net profit, capital of the bank. Therefore, the impact of risks on the financial stability and efficiency of Ukrainian banks was analyzed. The bank's regulatory capital is one of the most important indicators of its activity, the main purpose of which is to cover the negative consequences of various risks. During the entire studied period, there is a tendency to increase this indicator, which is positive. Due to external risks, namely the difficult military and economic situation, the profit of Ukrainian banks decreased. The credit risk, which is one of the most significant in banking activity, is characterized. The causes of credit risk in banking are given. The dynamics of the assets of Ukrainian banks, the volumes of loans granted, were studied. It was concluded that in modern conditions of banking activity, there is a slight slowdown in lending to the population and an increase in the volume of loans granted to business entities. To reduce credit risks, commercial banks use various methods to protect against credit risk: diversification, limiting, insurance, risk distribution. The banking sector cannot exist without risk, so it is necessary to look for ways to minimize them. Minimizing the level of financial risks in the banking sector involves the implementation of risk management measures and methods. Measures to minimize banking risks include preventive and protective measures. Banking risk management methods include: methods of avoiding and accepting banking risks. The article reflects the peculiarities of these measures and methods. Keywords: financial risks, banking sector, bank profit, credit risk, bank assets, bank risk minimization.

Express Diagnostic Model of Crisis Preparedness

The problems of the theoretical content of anti-crisis management, sustainability and business continuity demonstrate their relevance for the management of Russian and international companies of various levels and scales in the lockdown of 2020. In conditions of instability of economic systems at various phases of economic cyclicality, signs of readiness or unpreparedness of an organization to reflect various kinds of incidents appear. The formation of an organization’s culture of Incident preparedness and operational continuity management (IPOCM) can be viewed as a type of intangible asset that contributes to the growth of management quality.

Ensuring information security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges and threats from the Russian Federation

The article examines the issue of ensuring information security of Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges and threats from the Russian Federation. It is noted that the stability of the functioning of institutions of public authority, the preservation of law and order is a necessary prerequisite for the observance of human rights. In the conditions of technological development, ensuring information security is one of the most important guarantees of human rights. The basis of such guarantees is the observance of the principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information and information systems. In order to ensure the information security of the individual, special legal frameworks for the protection of the right to the inviolability of private life are being developed, as well as additional mechanisms for its protection related to the establishment of specific requirements in the field of collection and processing of personal information. In order to ensure national security and information security of the state as one of its components, the most important guarantee of human rights is the observance of the principle of proportionality when restricting them. Most states have responded to the threats to national security that have grown recently by expanding the authorities' powers to access, collect and process personal information, which are now not limited to any particular categories of information. At the same time, approaches to ensuring the proportionality of measures taken to ensure national security may also differ in different states. It is emphasized that the actions of modern terrorists go beyond elementary humanitarian principles (in this context, we can talk about the Russian Federation as the most dangerous terrorist of the modern period of human development). There is contempt for the basics of humanity. In the conditions of such a struggle, it is difficult to call for respect for human rights, to apply this message to those who completely ignore it. Almost every day, state institutions, mass media, critical infrastructure objects, and the life support system are exposed to powerful cyber attacks using advanced information technologies. All this is part of a coordinated informational aggression against Ukraine. It was concluded that special attention should be paid to the tasks of protecting the relevant resources of the executive authorities, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. It is necessary to constantly improve the measures taken for this purpose, to establish day-to-day control of the execution of relevant assignments of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the conditions of geopolitical instability and transformation of the world order, modern cyber­attacks, which are characterized by non-standard methods, methods and means of their perpetration, require, at the legislative level, prompt work to prevent and prevent a destructive impact on domestic information resources and the information infrastructure of the public and private sector.

Образ справедливого социального государства в контексте обеспечения ключевых конституционных прав и свобод: социологический анализ

The article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the concept of “social state” in close connection with social justice and ensuring the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen based on the results of a socio-logical study (online survey) conducted in August-October 2023 on the basis of three Moscow universities (n = 400), in order to study the patterns, structure and factors of formation of the imperatives of youth con-sciousness in the system of ensuring the rights enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, identi-fying factors determining the development of civil legal consciousness and human potential. The research was carried out within the framework of project no. 1023042500239-9-5.4.4 “Formation and consolidation in the minds of young people of the image of a fair social state in the context of ensuring key constitutional rights and freedoms”. Scientific topic code FZNW-0223-0050. The results obtained allow us to conclude that in the minds of young people an ambiguous image of a modern social state has been formed, which, on the one hand, is supported by the idea of the state’s responsibility to ensure constitutional guarantees in the field of education, health care, employment, social protection; on the other hand, a readiness is being formed to taking personal responsibility for one’s own well-being in conditions of political and economic instability in the country and the world.

Перспективное освоение угольных запасов Арктики на основе пространственной организации коммуникаций

In the current conditions of economic instability, the problem of developing the regional space of the Arctic zone, where huge reserves of hydrocarbons and other minerals are concentrated, which are the main driver of the future development of the Arctic economy, is becoming increasingly important. The development of the Arctic region was strongly influenced by the international environment, which, on the one hand, poses a threat to the Arctic mineral projects, and on the other hand, opens up new opportunities for their successful implementation. Against this background, the task of the Arctic coal industry within the framework of spatial and regional development is the territorial and production optimization of production and transportation of coal products. The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the development of the coal mining market in the new geo-economic and political conditions, which results in the proposed approaches to the spatial organization of the transport communications system, allowing maximizing the economic and export potential of the prospective development of Arctic coal reserves. It has been established that the current situation greatly affects the energy market. Russian coal market is being transformed under the influence of geo-economic transformations, the formation of new coal mining centers is shifting eastwards closer to the Asia-Pacific region, which will become the main center of coal trade in the near future. The study concludes that the efficiency of the development of Arctic coal reserves directly depends on the spatial organization of a complex system of integrated production and transport corridors (IPTC) that combine the production and logistics chain of mining and transportation of coal products into a single holistically integrated space of sea, coastal and land communications. On the basis of the analysis of the Taimyr coal basin, a priority level for the prospective development of mineral resources has been determined, based on a combination of factors that condition the economic and export potential of coal deposits.

ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE FARMS

The article substantiates the main stages of formation and development of farms. The vital needs of a farmer's family are highlighted, which determine the main strategic priorities of farming in conditions of instability. The dynamics of the number of farms in Ukraine and the area of ​​agricultural land in their use, as well as the wages of the farmer's family and hired workers, were analyzed. An assessment of material and technical support for newly created farms with the size of land plots of 5, 20 and 50 hectares with a certain specialization before the start of military aggression was carried out. The average prices for agricultural products (2010−2022) were studied, in addition, the harvested area, the yield of the main agricultural crops and the production of plant and animal products by national farms were analyzed.