Instability Conditions Research Articles

Conditions for the Formation and Development of a Culture of Risk Management for Teaching Staff

Introduction. In conditions of socio-economic instability, the use of risk management tools when making management decisions, building a management system that includes risk management, will allow you to more effectively achieve your goals. At the same time, the problem of risk management by the management of educational organizations, as well as in the organizational and managerial activities of teaching staff, is not given due attention. This allows us to talk about an unformed risk management culture as one of the results of professional training and advanced training of workers in the field of education. Risk management culture is one of the components of management culture that determines the readiness of teaching staff to ensure the quality of management in the educational system (management of the educational process, educational and cognitive activities of students, etc.). Risk management culture is increasingly being considered by researchers from the perspective of an innovative type of management culture, focused on the implementation of innovations, and the implementation of innovative activities always takes into account risks. Materials and methods: terminological analysis of risk management in the management of educational systems; abstract review of the formation and practical implementation of the risk culture of teaching staff. Results. Scientific and practical substantiation of the relevance of the development of theory and practice of creating a culture of risk management in the process of education, training and advanced training of teaching staff. Conclusions. The effectiveness of organizational and managerial activities in the education system presupposes a sufficient level of riskological competence of a teacher at all stages of the implementation of managerial functions, regardless of his status and position. The process of forming, improving and developing a risk culture requires taking into account the current level of implementation of certain organizational and pedagogical conditions when implementing professional retraining and advanced training programs.

Characterization of seismicity from different glacial bed types: machine learning classification of laboratory stick-slip acoustic emissions

Abstract Subglacial seismicity presents the opportunity to monitor inaccessible glacial beds at the epicentral location and time. Glaciers can be underlain by rock or till, a first order control on bed mechanics. Velocity-weakening, necessary for unstable slip, has been shown for each bed type, but is much stronger and evolves over more than an order of magnitude longer distances for till beds. Utilizing a de-stiffened double direct shear apparatus, we found conditions for instability at freezing temperatures and high slip rates for both bed types. During stick–slip stress-drops, we recorded acoustic emissions with piezoelectric transducers frozen into the ice. The two populations of event waveforms appear visually similar and overlap in their statistical features. We implemented a suite of supervised machine learning algorithms to classify the bed type of recorded waveforms and spectra, with prediction accuracy between 65–80%. The Random Forest Classifier is interpretable, showing the importance of initial oscillation peaks and higher frequency energy. Till beds have generally higher friction and resulting stress-drops, with more impulsive first arrivals and more high frequency content compared to rock emissions, but rock beds can produce many till-like events. Seismic signatures could enhance interpretation of bed conditions and mechanics from subglacial seismicity.

Disentangling Cerebellar and Parietal Contributions to Gait and Body Schema: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

The overlap between motor and cognitive signs resulting from posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and cerebellar lesions can mask their relative contribution in the sensorimotor integration process. This study aimed to identify distinguishing motor and cognitive features to disentangle PPC and cerebellar involvement in two sensorimotor-related functions: gait and body schema representation. Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to PPC or cerebellar stimulation. Sham stimulation and 1 Hz-repetitive-Transcranial-Magnetic-Stimulation were delivered over P3 or cerebellum before a balance and a walking distance estimation task. Each trial was repeated with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC). Eight inertial measurement units recorded spatiotemporal and kinematic variables of gait. Instability increased in both groups after real stimulation: PPC inhibition resulted in increased instability in EC conditions, as evidenced by increased ellipse area and range of movement in medio-lateral and anterior–posterior (ROMap) directions. Cerebellar inhibition affected both EC (increased ROMap) and EO stability (greater displacement of the center of mass). Inhibitory stimulation (EC vs. EO) affected also gait spatiotemporal variability, with a high variability of ankle and knee angles plus different patterns in the two groups (cerebellar vs parietal). Lastly, PPC group overestimates distances after real stimulation (EC condition) compared to the cerebellar group. Stability, gait variability, and distance estimation parameters may be useful clinical parameters to disentangle cerebellar and PPC sensorimotor integration deficits. Clinical differential diagnosis efficiency can benefit from this methodological approach.

Microservice instances selection and load balancing in fog computing using deep reinforcement learning approach

Fog-native computing is an emerging paradigm that makes it possible to build flexible and scalable Internet of Things (IoT) applications using microservice architecture at the network edge. With this paradigm, IoT applications are decomposed into multiple fine-grained microservices, strategically deployed on various fog nodes to support a wide range of IoT scenarios, such as smart cities and smart farming. Nonetheless, the performance of these IoT applications is affected by their limited effectiveness in processing offloaded IoT requests originating from multiple IoT devices. Specifically, the requested IoT services are composed of multiple dependent microservice instances collectively referred to as a service plan (SP). Each SP comprises a series of tasks designed to be executed in a predefined order, with the objective of meeting heterogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) requirements (e.g., low service delays). Different from the cloud, selecting the appropriate service plan for each IoT request can be a challenging task in dynamic fog environments due to the dependency and decentralization of microservice instances, along with the instability of network conditions and service requests (i.e., change quickly over time). To deal with this challenge, we study the microservice instances selection problem for IoT applications deployed on fog platforms and propose a learning-based approach that employs Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to compute the optimal service plans. The latter optimizes the delay of application requests while effectively balancing the load among microservice instances. In our selection process, we carefully address the plan-dependency to efficiently select valid service plans for every request by introducing two distinct approaches; an action masking approach and an adaptive action mapping approach. Additionally, we propose an improved experience replay to address delayed action effects and enhance our model training efficiency. A series of experiments were conducted to assess the performance of our Microservice Instances Selection Policy (MISP) approach. The results demonstrate that our model reduces the average failure rate by up to 65% and improves load balance by up to 45% on average when compared to the baseline algorithms.

Priorities of Russia's social policy in the context of global social changes

The relevance of the topic chosen by the authors is determined by the very fact of global changes in the established social order taking place in the world, which create serious risks for the "welfare state" formed in the West after the Second World War. There is a transformation of the basic principles of the modern welfare state – the principles of social solidarity and social justice, the external and internal conditions for the modern state to perform its social functions are becoming more complicated. The ongoing global social transformations fully affect Russian society, especially since it was Russia that acted as their catalyst. Their socio–economic consequences for Russia are ambiguous. The purpose of this work is to analyze the identification of priorities of social policy in modern Russia in conditions associated with both risks and new opportunities in the context of global social changes. The main methodological basis of the research is theoretical scientific methods and a systematic approach. The interdisciplinary nature of the research within the framework of the identified issues requires the involvement of both the results of sociological research and a significant amount of data from domestic and international economic statistics. It is emphasized that in the field of social policy, which is initially based on the principles of redistribution of resources through the budget system, there are no solutions that provide all Russians with prospects for economic and social well-being. Given the complexity of developing universal government solutions capable of ensuring the realization of the social interests of all population groups, in order to preserve the solidarity of Russians in conditions of instability and resource constraints, it is necessary to identify the right priorities of social policy. Accordingly, the authors analyzed the main problems and prospects in the implementation of the main priorities of the social policy of the modern Russian state: overcoming inequality and poverty, support for the participants of the SVO and their families, family and demographic policy. The authors conclude that when developing and implementing social measures, the Russian state should avoid inflating "bubbles" of social obligations. In addition, it is necessary to keep in mind the limited budget resources and avoid "life on loan". Consequently, the authors substantiate the position on the need to implement the principles of rationality, targeting, and orientation towards solving the most acute social problems of modern Russian society in conditions of limited resources.

ENTERPRISE BANK RELATIONSHIP: ISLAMIC FINANCE AND THE FINANCIAL FAILURE OF COMPANIES IN MAURITANIA

Building a strong business-bank relationship involves clear communication, transparency about your company's financial needs, and understanding the services offered by the bank. Regularly review and update your financial strategy with your bank to ensure it aligns with your business goals. Islamic finance in Mauritania operates in compliance with Sharia principles, avoiding interest-based transactions. While it can provide ethical financial solutions, business failure can still occur due to various factors such as economic instability, mismanagement, or external market conditions. Evaluating risks, adhering to Islamic financial principles, and implementing sound business practices are crucial to mitigate the potential for failure. Financial failure can result from a variety of factors, including poor financial management, excessive debt, economic downturns, or inadequate market research. It's essential for businesses to maintain financial discipline, regularly assess their financial health, and adapt strategies to changing circumstances to minimize the risk of financial failure. Seeking professional advice, managing cash flow effectively, and maintaining transparency in financial reporting are key practices to safeguard against financial setbacks. This research addresses the bank-business relationship by emphasizing the role of Islamic finance in the fight against business failure. The outline of our article is as follows: 1) A literature review on microfinance and its role in financing SMEs and also its role in the fight against unemployment among young graduates. It will be a literature that sweeps from the regional context to an international context. 2) Identification of research hypotheses and development of a questionnaire 3) Analysis of quantitative data using SPSS software and validation of hypotheses. Proposal for a modeling for the relationship between microfinance and the fight against youth unemployment in Mauritania. 4) Discussions of scientific results and recommendations for future research avenues

Economic behavior of an enterprise in the conditions of unstable environment

Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the scientific works of domestic scientists on the problems of ensuring the economic behavior of the enterprise. The results are obtained through the use of the following methods: generalization and comparison to formalize the theoretical provisions on the economic behavior of the enterprise; abstract-logical method – for theoretical generalizations and formulation of the conclusions of the study. Results. Separate approaches and interpretations of the concept of economic behavior of enterprise are analyzed. It is substantiated that economic behavior includes reactions to changes in the internal and external environment, representing a complex system of actions and decisions that are carried out in order to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. The key drivers and factors that influence the formation of the economic behavior of the enterprise, covering macro- and microeconomic conditions, financial, socio-economic, political and environmental aspects, are analyzed. The key features of the process of formation of the strategy of economic behavior of enterprise in conditions of instability of the environment are characterized. The influence of war on ensuring the economic behavior of enterprise in conditions of instability of the environment is analyzed. Novelty. In the course of the study, it is substantiated that ensuring the economic behavior of an enterprise in conditions of instability of the environment requires the introduction of innovative approaches and strategies. Innovation can be a key factor in enabling enterprises to effectively adapt to changes in the environment and ensure sustainable growth. The novelty of this approach is that innovation is becoming not only a tool for development, but also a key component for ensuring the sustainability and success of the enterprise in an unstable environment. Practical value. The basic guidelines for ensuring the economic behavior of an enterprise in conditions of instability of the environment are proposed, which reflect a combination of traditional approaches and innovative strategies that contribute to maintaining the sustainability, competitiveness and success of enterprises in changing conditions.

How to regulate pattern formations for malware propagation in cyber-physical systems.

Malware propagation can be fatal to cyber-physical systems. How to detect and prevent the spatiotemporal evolution of malware is the major challenge we are facing now. This paper is concerned with the control of Turing patterns arising in a malware propagation model depicted by partial differential equations for the first time. From the control theoretic perspective, the goal is not only to predict the formation and evolution of patterns but also to design the spatiotemporal state feedback scheme to modulate the switch of patterns between different modes. The Turing instability conditions are obtained for the controlled malware propagation model with cross-diffusion. Then, the multi-scale analysis is carried out to explore the amplitude equations near the threshold of Turing bifurcation. The selection and stability of pattern formations are determined based on the established amplitude equations. It is proved that the reaction-diffusion propagation model has three types of patterns: hexagonal pattern, striped pattern, and mixed pattern, and selecting the appropriate control parameters can make the pattern transform among the three patterns. The results of the analysis are numerically verified and provide valuable insights into dynamics and control of patterns embedded in reaction-diffusion systems.

Rains and Showers in OTREC; Weak Temperature Gradient Modeling

AbstractRainfall in the tropics has been shown to be produced either by isolated but intense convective systems (showers regime) or widespread but weaker systems (rains regime). We examine significant rainfall systems observed in the OTREC project (Organization of Tropical East Pacific Convection) in order to tease out the physical mechanisms differentiating these two regimes. We find that rains occur in very moist environments, typically with weak conditional instability. In contrast, showers develop in drier environments with larger instability. Spectral weak temperature gradient numerical calculations show that showers are associated with episodic rainfall separated by significant quiescent periods, whereas rains produce continuous simulated rainfall after a spinup period. Mass flux profiles of showers and rains are very different, resulting in different effects on the large scale environment.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF MISCHIEVOUSNESS AS A COMPONENT OF PLAY COMPETENCE (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A DIAGNOSTIC EXPERIMENT)

This article reveals the psychological characteristics of the current development of mischievousness as one of the key components of play competence, based on the results of a diagnostic experiment. The research aimed to identify the characteristic features and determinants of mischievousness as they manifest in various social interactions. The total number of participants was 238, with 45% of them being young (ages 21-30) and 55% being of mature age (ages 31-40). Mischievousness, as a central aspect of playfulness, manifests through the ability to maintain autonomy in interpersonal relationships, using flexible emotional control and humor to form and strengthen positive social connections. A key characteristic is the ability to act comfortably in conditions of uncertainty and instability, with a capacity for experimentation and adaptation to changes. Individuals with well-developed mischievousness exhibit high levels of creativity, openness to new experiences, and the ability to navigate between risk and adherence to social norms. An important component is their high emotional intelligence, which allows them to skillfully manage the emotional reactions of others, especially in situations that require testing or stepping beyond conventional boundaries. The psychological profile of such individuals includes moderate extraversion, empathy, and high flexibility in social adaptation, enabling them to function effectively in various social contexts, including complex interpersonal conflict situations. The study also confirmed the importance of the "Mischief" play position as a behavioral model that promotes the development of social competence and cognitive flexibility in young people. Thus, well-developed mischievousness not only affects emotional stability but also enhances the capacity for creative social interaction.

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: ROLE AND IMPACT

The article attempts to systematize arguments in favor of the fact that today the study of political communication at the international level, its various manifestations and consequences, faces problems that do not fit into the rigid framework of generally accepted political and philosophical theories, approaches and schools, and thereby actualizes the task of theoretical methodological understanding of the ongoing global socio-political changes through the formation of a new paradigm for studying the politics of international relations, adequate to the state of the world community and the challenges of the time. It is shown that in conditions of modern extreme instability and conflict potential, a special role is played by unofficial diplomacy, carried out through informal communication in various formats, in particular, in the format of the track two and track 1.5 diplomacy. The effectiveness of this kind of diplomacy is demonstrated by referring to its evolution and successful examples of its application in the 20th century, as well as the foundations and prospects in the current century.

Transdermal administration of farnesol-ethosomes enhances the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis induced by Candida albicans in mice.

Cutaneous candidiasis attributed to Candida infection is a prevalent condition that impacts individuals of all age groups. As a type of microbial community, biofilms confer benefits to host infections and mitigate the clinical effects of antifungal treatments. In C. albicans, the yeast-to-hypha transition and biofilm formation are effectively suppressed by farnesol through its modulation of multiple signaling pathway. However, the characteristics of farnesol such as hydrophobicity, volatility, degradability, and instability in various conditions can impose limitations on its effectiveness. Nanotechnology holds the potential to enhance the efficiency and utilization of this molecule. Treatment of farnesol-ethosomes by transdermal administration demonstrated a very remarkable therapeutic effect against C. albicans in infection model of cutaneous candidiasis in mice. Many patients suffering fungal skin infection will benefit from this study.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN SENSORY PREFERENCES OF TOURISTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The study of changes in sensory preferences of tourists under martial law is important both for understanding the impact of military conflicts on people's psychology and behaviour, and for developing strategies for managing the tourism industry in conditions of instability and crisis. The aim of the study is to analyse the changes in tourists' sensory preferences due to the effects of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Two sociological surveys were used to analyse and draw conclusions on the changes in the sensory preferences of tourists in connection with the large-scale invasion of Russia. The first survey was conducted in November-December 2021 and January 2022, the second in September and October 2023, which was a continuation of the first. A chi-squared test was calculated to confirm the hypothesis of a difference in the answers given by respondents before and during the war. Confirmation of the hypothesis allowed to prove that when developing tourism products, companies should take into account changes in the sensory preferences of tourists. The study showed significant changes in the choice of tourist options by travellers under the influence of sensory sensations that were formed during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The cost of travel has become more important, cultural and walking tourism has lost popularity, while extreme and gastronomic tourism has gained popularity. Aromas and tastes have a greater impact on travellers' associative memory, while visual impressions remain important, with historical themes becoming more popular. It was concluded that the sensory preferences and emotional reactions of travellers differ significantly by age. Younger respondents (under 16 years old) prefer food and music the most, while the older group (over 50 years old) prefers cuisine, tastes and appearance. It is clear that tourism businesses need to adjust their services and marketing strategies to take into account these age-specific characteristics and differences in tourists' reactions to sensory stimuli. Tourism businesses can use the findings of this study to adapt their marketing strategies and tourist offerings to the changing sensory preferences and needs of tourists caused by the military conflict. This will allow them to attract and retain customers even in times of insecurity, instability and crisis.

Problems of national and international food security

The scientific article presents the results of a study of current problems that impede the provision of national and international food security in modern conditions of economic and political instability. Threat factors that form key problems of national and international food security are considered. The influence of global food market problems on ensuring national food security in Russia is analyzed.

A model of solar magnetic flux rope eruption initiated primarily by magnetic reconnection

ABSTRACT There is a heated debate regarding the specific roles played by ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability and magnetic reconnection in triggering solar eruptions. In the context of a pre-existing magnetic flux rope (MFR) before an eruption, it is widely believed that an ideal MHD instability, in particular, the torus instability, is responsible for triggering and driving the eruption, while reconnection, as invoked in the wake of the erupting MFR, plays a secondary role. Here, we present a new numerical MHD model in which the eruption of a pre-existing MFR is primarily triggered and driven by reconnection. In this model, a stable MFR embedded in a strapping field is set as the initial condition. A surface converging flow is then applied at the lower boundary, pushing magnetic flux towards the main polarity inversion line. It drives a quasi-static evolution of the system, during which a current layer is built up below the MFR with decreasing thickness. Once reconnection starts in the current sheet, the eruption commences, which indicates that the reconnection plays a determining role in triggering the eruption. By further analysing the works done by the magnetic flux of the pre-existing MFR and the newly reconnected flux during the acceleration stage of the eruption, we find that the latter plays a major role in driving the eruption. Such a model may explain observed eruptions in which the pre-eruption MFR has not reached the conditions for ideal instability.

Transient DC-link voltage oscillation stability assessment of VSC-HVDC systems using Lyapunov direct method

Lyapunov direct method is utilized in this paper to reveal the transient voltage oscillation stability mechanism for VSC-HVDC systems. Firstly, a reduced analytical nonlinear model for transient voltage oscillation stability assessment is proposed, which is a Liénard system. Based on the proposed model, a novel Lyapunov function is constructed and the conservative stability boundary is depicted, which reveals that the transient voltage oscillation can be well damped when the operating points are within the domain of asymptotic stability. In addition, it is found that there exists one limit cycle for VSC-HVDC systems. Once any system operation point exceeds the limit cycle, the divergent oscillations are triggered, and the aperiodic instability will eventually appear if the perturbations failed to be cleared in time. Finally, according to the limit cycle theory, one sufficient instability condition is derived and the transient voltage instability risk of the VSC-HVDC systems can be well evaluated.

On the stability of linear systems with a quadratic integral

The problem of stability of non-degenerate linear systems admitting a first integral in the form of a non-degenerate quadratic form is considered. New algebraic criteria for stability, as well as complete instability of such systems, have been established in the form of equality to zero of traces of products of matrices, which include an additional symmetric matrix. These conditions are closely related to the symplectic geometry of the phase space, which is determined by the matrix of the original linear system and the symmetric matrix defining the first integral. General results are applied to finding conditions for complete instability of linear gyroscopic systems.

Автоматизація побудови, порівняння та вибору маршрутів та схем доставки в системі мультимодальних перевезень


 The article proposes the application of a methodical approach to choosing the optimal route of multimodal transportation based on a module integrated into the information system of a freight forwarding company. The functions of the module are to build an optimal delivery scheme and meet all customer requirements, both domestic and international multimodal transportation, taking into account the changing circumstances in the conditions of instability caused by the state of war and the need to reorient the usual delivery routes.
 In the conditions of military operations, this method of automated search and comparison of alternative routes allows taking into account changing conditions that develop in real time, while the cargo flow should be accompanied by an information flow that would also be available in real time. The proposed structure of the database, the structures of requests for development routes., developed forms of source documents. The criteria for comparing routes of different dimensions are defined: the difference in the distance of cargo transportation, the costs of changing the existing system of cargo transportation, increasing the level of transportation safety, delivery time, reducing the cost of delivering a batch of goods, the difference in delivery time. A solution to the multi-criteria decision-making problem by normalizing the criteria and the additive optimization method is proposed. The method of determining the best route and supply scheme is implemented in the "decision-making" module, which is integrated into the information system of the transport forwarding company.
 The result of the practical implementation of the proposed method of construction, comparison and selection of routes and delivery schemes in the system of multimodal transportation based on the integrated module in the information system of the transport and forwarding company is the possibility of quick response to changes in external circumstances, warnings of emergency and conflict situations, control of the transportation process along the entire route and , if necessary, making adjustments to the route and delivery scheme, choosing a safe and effective option by the operator of multimodal transportation.

The Relationship Between the Strategy of Russian Companies and Their Policies in the Field of Human Capital

In modern conditions of instability of the national economic system, the question of effective strategic planning and implementation of an organizational strategy covering all levels of the corporation becomes relevant. The post-pandemic period and the shock year 2022 for many Russian companies forced the top management of many corporations to respon3d flexibly to the current realities of the global market, changing previous strategies. Interesting in this regard are the factors that shape the organizational strategies of the corporations under study. The author presents an attempt to analyze the effectiveness of Russian companies from the chosen type of strategy in relation to the policy in the field of use of human capital. In particular, economically important companies using classical planned and classical process strategies are considered. Based on the study, it was revealed that there is a relationship between organizational strategy and management policy in the field of human capital; moreover, the higher it is, the more successful companies are (expressed in caring for employees). Also, as a distinctive factor shaping organizational strategies, the author identified the policy in the field of labor protection and industrial safety (which is a feature of companies with a classic process strategy).

Международный коммерческий арбитраж: верификация теории делокализации в эпоху санкций

The article deals with theoretical approaches to determining the essence of international commercial arbitration through the study of the concept of delocalization. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the hypothesis that the principle of delocalization of arbitration operates even in the face of hostile sanctions restrictions, although it is influenced by the international agenda. The practical task is to analyze the rules of international arbitration centers organizing cross-border arbitration and identify the jurisdiction of an arbitration center that can optimally guarantee a fair and qualified consideration of a dispute with the participation of Russian entrepreneurs. The relevance of scientific research in the field of delocalization of international arbitration is due to their practical significance. As a result of the study, the conclusion is substantiated that in the current unfavorable conditions of political and legal instability, Russian entrepreneurs are recommended the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Center (hereinafter — HKIAC).