Abstract
As the third cancer worldwide, the incidence and the cancer-related mortality is both high in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The treatment of CRC has standard methods, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other general therapy. However, these systemic therapies are not specific, which are also toxic for normal cells and show many side effects in patients. New immunotherapeutic strategies have changed the landscape of treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC), especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). After research, the condition of microsatellite instability (MSI) has proven to be one of the main influencing factors of ICIs' efficacy. This review comprehensively analyses the possible mechanisms underlying the varying efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of different MSI tumors and evaluates potential therapeutic strategies that offer possible ways to overcome resistance mechanisms.
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