State Of Readiness Research Articles

Direct Correlation between Donor-Acceptor Distance and Temperature Dependence of Kinetic Isotope Effects in Hydride-Tunneling Reactions of NADH/NAD+ Analogues.

Recent study of structural effects on primary kinetic isotope effects (1° KIEs) of H-transfer reactions in enzymes and solution revealed that a more rigid reaction system gave rise to a weaker temperature dependence of 1° KIEs, i.e., a smaller isotopic activation energy difference (ΔEa = EaD - EaH). This has been explained within the contemporary vibrationally assisted activated H-tunneling (VA-AHT) model in which rigidity is defined according to the density of donor-acceptor distance (DADTRS) populations at the tunneling ready state (TRS) sampled by heavy atom motions. To test the relationship between DADTRS and ΔEa in the model, we developed a computational method to obtain the TRS structures for H-transfer reactions. The method was applied to three hydride transfer reactions of NADH/NAD+ analogues for which the ΔEa's as well as secondary (2°) KIEs have been reported. The 2° KIEs computed from each TRS structure were fitted to the observed values to obtain the optimal TRSs/DADTRS's. It was found that a shorter DADTRS does correspond with a smaller ΔEa. This appears to support the VA-AHT model. Moreover, an analysis of hybridizations at the bent TRS structures shows that rehybridizations at the donor-acceptor centers are much more advanced than predicted from the classical mechanism. This implies that more orbital preparations are required for the nonclassical H-tunneling to take place.

The COVID-19 Student WorkForce at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai: A Model for Rapid Response in Emergency Preparedness.

In accordance with guidelines from the Association of American Medical Colleges, medical schools across the United States suspended clerkships and transitioned preclinical courses online in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals and health systems faced significant burdens during this time, particularly in New York City. Third- and fourth-year medical students at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai formed the COVID-19 Student WorkForce to connect students to essential roles in the Mount Sinai Hospital System and support physicians, staff members, researchers, and hospital operations. With the administration's support, the WorkForce grew to include over 530 medical and graduate students. A methodology was developed for clinical students to receive elective credit for these volunteer activities. From March 15, 2020, to June 14, 2020, student volunteers recorded 29,602 hours (2,277 hours per week) in 7 different task forces, which operated at 7 different hospitals throughout the health system. Volunteers included students from all years of medical school as well as PhD, master's, and nursing students. The autonomous structure of the COVID-19 Student WorkForce was unique and contributed to its ability to quickly mobilize students to necessary tasks. The group leaders collaborated with other medical schools in the New York City area, sharing best practices and resources and consulting on a variety of topics. Going forward, the COVID-19 Student WorkForce will continue to collaborate with student leaders of other institutions and prevent volunteer burnout; transition select initiatives into structured, precepted student roles for clinical education; and maintain a state of readiness in the event of a second surge of COVID-19 infections in the New York City area.

A framework to test South Africa’s readiness for the fourth industrial revolution

Background: The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is being touted as having the capacity to lift South Africa out of the challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequitable distribution of wealth. However, the state of the country’s readiness for the enabling technologies of the 4IR is in question.Objective: This article sought to investigate South Africa’s state of readiness for the technologies that enable the 4IR. The article proposed a framework which can be used to measure the country’s level of preparedness and implement the necessary processes to move the country into the 4IR era.Method: A detailed analysis of literature was carried out on the current and futuristic technologies employed by developed countries as they moved towards the 4IR. The fit – viability and the task – technology theories were employed to propose a framework to government for measuring its state of readiness for the 4IR in South Africa.Results: Based on findings from the literature study, the article proposed the 4IR readiness framework for government to measure and subsequently plans its response to the advent of 4IR technologies in the country.Conclusion: The framework revealed that South Africa has low technological capability, plummeting economic complexity and a fall in digital technological readiness. There is also a dearth of skilled workforce and technological infrastructure. It was recommended that government should focus on building and strengthening the resilience of both public and private institutions, investment in relevant 4IR education, infrastructural improvement, and promulgation and enforcement of legal framework to ensure security and privacy of data.

Examining the Relationship between Older Adults' Readiness for Discharge after Surgery and Satisfaction with Nursing Care and the Associated Factors.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between older adults' readiness for discharge after surgery and satisfaction with nursing care and effects factors, using a descriptive, cross-sectional design that included 204 older adults. Examining the state of readiness for the discharge of older adults who underwent surgery in terms of the expected support sub-dimension of patients revealed that the presence of someone to support home care, the existence of health insurance, living with someone, undergoing emergency surgery, and being illiterate were statistically significant predictors. Thought of improvement in terms of nursing care between prior hospitalization and the latest hospitalization, use of intensive care unit, male, nursing care satisfaction, and the existence of health insurance were statistically significant predictors of the readiness for discharge in older adults after surgery in terms of personal status sub-dimension. Accordingly, an individual approach that takes these characteristics/variables into account is recommended when planning discharge.

Public Health Strengths During the COVID-19 Response.

Public Health Strengths During the COVID-19 Response.

Contemporary State of Readiness of First School Pedagogues to Use Pro-Health Education Technologies

The article includes the current issues of maintaining the health of younger students, namely determining the readiness of primary school teachers to use pro-health technologies in the educational process. For this purpose, a teacher survey was used, and the results of the experi-mental study were analyzed and generalized. Teachers' answers to thirteen questions of the survey were described in detail, and the ranking of exercises used by teachers during "PE-minutes" during primary school lessons was presented. It was concluded that the use of health-promoting technologies is not a very widespread phenomenon in the practice of primary school tea-chers. The least used are aromatherapy, color therapy, musical accompaniment and art technology. On the basis of the received conclusions, it was predicted that the basic condition for the functioning of a health-promoting educational environment is the use of a complex of functional components, ensuring the integrity and effectiveness of influencing the conscious behavior of students.

Coastal Communities and Response Planning

Abstract The Coastal Response Program is a Western Canada Marine Response Corporation (WCMRC) initiative that brings existing response programs under one umbrella. The objective is to enhance these interrelated initiatives and ensure they have coordinated support to maintain an operational ready state. The program improves WCMRC's overall capacity by building strong relationships with industry, coastal communities and First Nations by involving them in spill response in a meaningful way. This paper will provide an update on how WCMRC is rolling out the program on Canada's west coast and will discuss some of the benefits and challenges that WCMRC has experienced. While local issues will bring unique challenges to every jurisdiction, some of the broader principles of the community involvement under the Coastal Response Program can help other response organizations and coastal communities be better prepared.

Exposure to Brands Makes Preferential Decisions Easier

Abstract The most consequential consideration of brands arises during preferential decision-making. This article proposes that as a consequence of the repeated pairing of brands and preferential decisions, exposure to brands initiates a cognitive state of readiness for preferential decisions (which we term decision readiness) that subsequently makes preferential decisions easier. Using both real and fictitious brands across a variety of choice contexts, seven experiments demonstrate that consumers find preferential decision-making easier when it occurs in the presence (vs. absence) of brands. Consistent with the details of our framework, this effect: (i) is explained by the activation of decision readiness, (ii) leads to outcomes such as increased outcome satisfaction and decreased decision delegation, and (iii) is attenuated when exposure is to only one brand. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of exposure to brands for decision-making which, in turn, offers novel insight into existing literatures on brand exposure, decision difficulty, and brand roles.

Evolution Mechanism on the Unsafe Behavioural Risks of General Aviation Pilots

The unsafe behaviour prevention and control of general aviation pilots has become an emphasis in the general aviation safety management with the increasing number of general aviation enterprises, lengthening of flight time and frequent occurrence of public safety events caused by general aviation accidents. How to identify the factors influencing the unsafe behaviours of general aviation pilots and clarify the inter factor evolution mechanism is hot issue in the general aviation. To accurately identify the key factors influencing the unsafe behaviours of general aviation pilots and define the interaction mechanism between factors, using the unsafe behaviours of pilots in 200 global general aviation accidents during 2015-2019 and the association rule method, the bottom-layer factors of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) model were analysed. Furthermore, the influence degree, influenced degree, centrality and causality of the influencing factors in the HFACS model were calculated, and the risk transfer path at different layers was determined on the basis of the integrated decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and fuzzy theory. Results show that the poor individual ready state is strongly associated with skill error, decision-making error and habitual violation. Moreover, 11 factors, such as poor physical environment, physical/intelligence limitation and poor technical environment, constitute the factors in the cause group for pilot unsafe behaviours. 7 factors, such as insufficient supervision, improper operation plan and failure to discover and correct problems, are the factors in the result group. Illegal behaviour, failure to discover and correct problems and decision-making error of pilots, which are of high centrality, are key factors influencing the unsafe behaviours of general aviation pilots. The conclusions obtained from this study compensate the deficiencies for the linear statistical model of risk factors and provide a novel method for regulating and controlling the unsafe behaviours of general aviation pilots.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phe-tRNA synthetase: structural insights into tRNA recognition and aminoacylation.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for ∼1.5 million fatalities in 2018, is the deadliest infectious disease. Global spread of multidrug resistant strains is a public health threat, requiring new treatments. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are plausible candidates as potential drug targets, because they play an essential role in translating the DNA code into protein sequence by attaching a specific amino acid to their cognate tRNAs. We report structures of M. tuberculosis Phe-tRNA synthetase complexed with an unmodified tRNAPhe transcript and either L-Phe or a nonhydrolyzable phenylalanine adenylate analog. High-resolution models reveal details of two modes of tRNA interaction with the enzyme: an initial recognition via indirect readout of anticodon stem-loop and aminoacylation ready state involving interactions of the 3′ end of tRNAPhe with the adenylate site. For the first time, we observe the protein gate controlling access to the active site and detailed geometry of the acyl donor and tRNA acceptor consistent with accepted mechanism. We biochemically validated the inhibitory potency of the adenylate analog and provide the most complete view of the Phe-tRNA synthetase/tRNAPhe system to date. The presented topography of amino adenylate-binding and editing sites at different stages of tRNA binding to the enzyme provide insights for the rational design of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Ensuring the readiness of the psychophysical state of water transport specialists by means of physical exercises

The article considers the psychofunctional mechanism and the impact of physical exercises on the psychophysical condition of future water transport specialists (on the example of the use of competitive fights in hand-to-hand combat in the optional lesson "Self-defense"). From the analysis of actual sources the extreme factors of professional activity (groups of factors of natural conditions, production conditions, social and psychological factors) and interrelation of action of professional activity on a psychophysical condition of experts are defined. According to the method of tapping test: the strength of the nervous system, the effect of physical activity on the psychological state. It is established that the state of psychophysical readiness is a semantic concept and is a physical readiness of the organism, emotional-volitional, intellectual and motivational, which is manifested in the concentration of physiological capabilities of the organism (including reserve), its mental processes, general mobilization, self-confidence, emotional uplift. and the ability to realize the acquired potential. It was determined that the stabilization of the maximum rate of hand movements is associated with the general psychophysical state of the subjects, which correlates with the mental state and the effect of physical activity. Performing physical exercises physiologically affects the psychological state of water transport specialists by training the body's potential reserves. The study confirms the relationship and impact of exercise on the psychological stability of the body. Increased emotional state (fights in training, for some the first) in applicants causes a significant decrease in the maximum rate of hand movements for 10 seconds of the test with its subsequent stabilization. The second-year winners have the indicator of the absolute values of the tapping test before the fights significantly higher than the fi rst- year winners. Ambiguous indicators of asymmetry in first- and second-year applicants are a convincing prerequisite for further research in terms of forming a set of measures of volitional readiness for professional activity.

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF READINESS OF HEADS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS FOR ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF INCREASING QUALITY

In the article the step-by-step analysis of experimental check of readiness of heads of establishments of general secondary education to anti-crisis management in system of advanced training is carried out. It is concluded that the pedagogical experiment in order to diagnose the readiness of general secondary education managers for crisis management consisted of three successive stages: diagnostic, ascertaining and formative. Theoretical researches of general problems of management are analyzed. The procedure of selection of test methods, which were used to establish the state of readiness of general secondary education managers for crisis management in the system of advanced training, is described. It was found that each diagnostic tool, ie measurement, must meet the criteria for quality assessment, the most important of which are: objectivity, reliability, validity, accuracy. Each diagnostic tool, depending on the measurement tools, made it possible to obtain results only with some degree of accuracy, which characterizes the degree of fluctuation of the measured parameter, and is defined as the minimum or systematic measurement error by this method. Objectivity involves minimizing the impact of subjective factors, which is ensured by standardization of the procedure of measurement, data processing and interpretation of diagnostic results. Reliability implies the degree of stability of diagnostic results, which is ensured by the optimization of parameters and objectivity of the measuring instrument and the stability of the feature, the level of which is diagnosed; quantitative characteristic of reliability - reliability coefficient R. Accuracy involves the definition and minimization of measurement error. Error is the opposite of reliability. The diagnostic tool is as reliable as it accurately reveals the true achievements or abilities of general secondary education managers to crisis management in the training system.
 The validity of the diagnostic tool involves the conformity of what is measured to what needs to be measured. Validity is legality, reality, validity, fidelity, correctness, suitability, as well as relevance - relevance. Validity indicates whether the test measures the specified values.
 Psychodiagnostic techniques used in the study were represented as tests of achievements of heads of secondary education institutions in the field of crisis management; they were provided to highlight the extent to which principals had accomplished the training objectives.
 It is taken into account that the test should measure what has been stated and studied, nothing more, nothing less, nothing superfluous. The digital results of the statement experiment are represented. According to the digital indicators of the input control (statement stage of the experimental study), the heads of secondary schools KG (control groups) and EG (experimental groups) had the same conditions for admission to the experimental study.

Breadways and Black-Market Intrigues in 1942 Malta

ABSTRACT When Italy declared war on the Allies on June 10, 1940, Malta’s state of readiness was almost nonexistent. Largely dependent on food imports, the blockaded archipelago struggled to provide the most important item in the Maltese diet: bread. The hand-to-mouth improvisation of the British colonial government until the end of 1941 left Malta precariously exposed to the possibility of an imminent surrender. Uninformed pricing regulations, inadequate administrative staff and lack of finances significantly reduced the powers of the government to enforce regulatory measures. This study explores how the government had to temporarily shelve anti-black-market enforcement to eke out any undeclared foodstuffs, especially grain and flour. Although heavily criticized for its passive attitude towards black-market intrigues, the government’s moral compass temporarily permitted a “new” business order.

Effects of a Flexible Workout System on Performance Gains in Collegiate Athletes.

Walts, CT, Murphy, SM, Stearne, DJ, Rieger, RH, and Clark, KP. Effects of a flexible workout system on performance gains in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1187-1193, 2021-Although research on the topic of periodization is abundant, investigations into different flexible periodization strategies in collegiate athletes are limited. Furthermore, how state of readiness (SOR) and workout autonomy affect training improvements is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a flexible periodization (FP) program would elicit significantly greater performance gains compared with a nonflexible periodization (NP) program (significance set p ≤ 0.05). A total of 32 male and female intercollegiate lacrosse players completed performance measures of vertical jump, sprinting speed, change of direction, and strength in bench press and deadlift. After pretesting, subjects were matched and randomly assigned to either FP (n = 17, age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.10 m, mass = 72.29 ± 13.73 kg) or NP (n = 15, age = 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.68 ± 13.55 kg) training groups. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The NP group completed all workout volume and intensity as prescribed by a certified strength and conditioning coach. However, the FP group modified workout volume and intensity based on a daily SOR questionnaire. Although appreciable pretest to posttest improvements were observed for the entire subject cohort, multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of ANOVA tests demonstrated no statistically significant between-group differences for pretest to posttest changes on any of the performance tests (range of p values: 0.17-0.95). Although FP does not seem to be more effective than NP for eliciting performance gains, it may provide greater opportunities for autonomy while eliciting equivalent improvement levels. Therefore, flexible periodization based on SOR may be a viable training strategy.

Approaches to understanding the category "special legal regimes"

The study investigates the main approaches to understanding such legal categories as “legal regimes” and “special legal regime”, and provides their classification. Special legal regimes serve as the legal basis for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms; therefore, the relevance of the study of the concept, types, and main features of special legal regimes is beyond doubt. The authors of the study consider the relationship between the categories of special legal regime of a state of emergency and martial law, and describe the main grounds for their imposition. The authors noted a need for a clear, consistent legal regulation of the model of behaviour aimed at overcoming and eliminating negative consequences of an emergency and military nature. Attention is focused on the fact that in Ukraine, the regulation of public relations arising in connection with emergencies and military situations has become particularly important after the emergence of a military conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The study provides the author’s vision of the categories “legal regimes” and “special legal regimes”. it is proposed to interpret the legal regimes as the regulatory procedure, which is expressed in a set of legal means that describe a special combination of interacting permits, prohibitions, and obligations, while implementing a special focus of regulation. The latter should be interpreted as a form of public administration that makes provision for the restriction of the legal personality of individuals and legal entities, introduced as a temporary measure provided by means of administrative and legal nature, and aimed at ensuring the security of the individual, society, and the state. The study provides the classification of special legal regimes and contains proposals to distinguish them according to the content and basis of occurrence as follows: state of emergency, martial law, state of siege, state of war, state of public danger, state of tension, state of defence, state of threat, state of readiness, state of vigilance

The role of practical shooting in system of police shooting training: psychological component

Psychological unpreparedness of police officers to firefight is often the cause of serious consequences, in particular their death. Although much attention has been already paid to the psychological training of law enforcement officers in general and to the use of firearms in the scientific literature, such studies often just outline the problems, but do not suggest the ways to overcome them. The authors of the article aim to analyze the factors influencing the state of psychological readiness of a police officer to use a firearm while performing service duties, and to develop recommendations that should contribute to the formation of a state of psychological readiness, taking into account the specifics of practical shooting. It has been emphasized that firefight requires from a police officer not only skillful handling of weapons, but also a number of thought processes in a situation of partial or complete uncertainty, which affects the psychological readiness to use firearms. The authors have made an analogy between the situations of firefight of police officers while performing service duties and the conditions created for participants in practical shooting competitions. According to the authors, long-term training, regular practice of basic exercises to improve firearms skills, as well as the introduction of variability of scenarios for the deployment of firefight situations using elements of practical shooting can minimize the negative impact on the mental processes of police officers. It has been offered to introduce elements of practical shooting into the system of fire training of police officers and to improve the current Shooting Course, approved by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated from April 26, 2019, No. 334, which should allow modeling multiple scenarios of police behavior in firefight situations during training shootings and increase the psychological readiness of police officers to use firearms.

Invisible Moral Wounds of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Experiencing Moral Injury?

Invisible Moral Wounds of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are We Experiencing Moral Injury?

Digitalization Of The Management System Of Administrative-Territorial Units Of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological aspects of the digitalization of the management system of the administrative-territorial units of Ukraine. The authors studied the main problems of the modern administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine and their consequences, the definition and criteria for assigning settlements to the corresponding categories of administrative-territorial units and clearly presented their classification. Analyzed the administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine and assessed its practical implementation. Based on the study, they proposed a mechanism for the digitalization of the management system of administrative-territorial units of Ukraine. They showed, using an example, an assessment of the current state of readiness for digitalization of the system of administrative-territorial units of Ukraine. Further aspects of improvement, the authors highlighted the creation of a roadmap for the digitalization of the management system of administrative-territorial units of Ukraine.

СТРУКТУРА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ДЕСАНТНО-ШТУРМОВИХ ВІЙСЬК ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ ДО ВЕДЕННЯ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ

Introduction. At the beginning of the armed aggression, which began with the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian military under the guise of local self-defense, the so-called "green men", followed by the annexation of Crimea and the transition to a "hybrid war" with the proclamation of Donetsk and Luhansk people's republics. Ukrainian society was not prepared for the fact that, despite international agreements, Russia, which has committed itself to recognizing our territorial integrity and inviolability, will be able to become an aggressor.Highly mobile airborne troops, now airborne assault troops, were among the first to defend their country at that time and began active combat operations. During the combat missions, the paratroopers encountered a variety of unexpected provocations and brutal actions by the enemy: the separatists' blockade of military equipment with civilians and young children, the use of air defenses and other illegal actions by the enemy. Thus, on June 14, 2014, a tragic accident occurred during the transportation of cargo and personnel of the 25th Airborne Brigade by the IL-76 military transport aircraft to the Luhansk airport. This was the biggest loss at the beginning of the anti-terrorist operation, the loss of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the entire history of our country's independence.As we can see, the combat activities of the airborne assault troops make strict demands on each paratrooper and force him to constantly develop and improve himself. Given that combat activities take place in dangerous conditions and involve a constant risk to life, moreover, it requires the military psychological readiness and resilience, the mobilization of all internal forces and the rational use of their own potential.For the normal functioning of airborne assault troops in combat conditions, it is necessary to apply special programs and techniques for the formation and development of psychological readiness to perform assigned tasks. All this necessitates the study of the structure of the psychological readiness of paratroopers to operate in combat.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to actualize the problem of psychological readiness of airborne assault troops to perform their assigned tasks. Elucidation of the scientists and features approaches of the structural components of the airborne assault troops servicemen psychological readiness to conduct hostilities.Methods. Review and analytical study of the literature.Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the application of a more inherent structure of psychological readiness, which in accordance with the conditions and specifics of the use of assault troops in its structural components will correspond to this combat activity.Conclusion. Thus, analyzing the structural components of psychological readiness presented by researchers, it can be noted that regardless of their content and differences, they all have their directed value in accordance with certain activities.Given the combat activities of airborne assault troops, which is characterized by special conditions and specifics of combat missions associated with great danger to life, the impact of traumatic factors and heavy physical activity, in our opinion, more typical will be the structure of psychological readiness, which contains such components: motivational, cognitive-orientational, operational, emotional-volitional.Considering the components of the structure of psychological readiness of assault troops to conduct combat operations, it should be noted that the formed motivational component plays a significant role in the combat situation - qualitatively affects the state of psychological readiness and is a means of improving the success of combat missions.

Simulation ready anatomy model generation pipeline for virtual surgery

AbstractFor surgery simulation application, a high‐quality anatomical model is very important not only for rendering but also for physics simulation. CT and MRI reconstructed model has no surface parameterization attribute so texture‐based materials cannot be applied for rendering. Anatomical models on the digital market are efficient options but most can only be used for visualization because of the nonmanifold geometric degeneracies. We proposed a simulation ready model generation pipeline that can convert a nonmanifold polygonal surface mesh into a degeneracy free surface mesh (simulation ready state) while preserving the original model's surface parameterization attribute. Our pipeline includes two stages. The first stage is a voxelization and remesh based simulation ready model generation pipeline, which can keep the shape of the original three‐dimensional surface model meanwhile eliminate the nonmanifold geometry. The second stage is the main contribution of this article. A cutting‐based surface mesh parameterization transfer algorithm is proposed which can transfer the original surface parameterization (UV mapping especially the UV seam) to the simulation ready model. A detailed comparison with existing pipelines is made to show that our pipeline can achieve surface parameterization preservation feature and is more suitable for improving the efficiency of virtual surgery production.