State Of Peace Research Articles

‘On a knife's edge’: medical, police, and legal responses to self‐harming protesters

AbstractTraditional liberal democratic theories of protest can readily account for protest violence against others or their property, and are quick to denounce and criminalize such actions. However, protests that involve self‐harm are harder to frame; they neither engage the harm principle, nor threaten a sovereign state of ostensible peace. Under liberal legalism, capacitous and consenting protesters should not have their rights of expression interfered with in such cases. However, in England and Wales, legal responses to self‐harming violence nevertheless emerge, not necessarily within a public order framework, but through a risk‐averse, medicalized lens. Co‐authored by a legal academic and a practising psychiatrist, this article argues that mental health practitioners, the police, and the courts engage in a ‘paternalistic pivot’ in self‐harming protest cases, which undermines human rights protections that are ordinarily afforded to protesters who are not causing a threat to others or their property.

An Idea of a Secular State through Its Traits in Context of India

Any state in this world is called a happy and a peaceful state if it is a secular state. Secular state is a community where differences of things like religion, sect, clan, caste, belief and class are not taken into consideration. Because these things underestimate the human existence and divide people in unacceptable ways if they are categorised. When people give less importance to such things or treat these things respectfully, they lead a better life full of peace, compassion, empathy, sympathy and understanding. A state where people happily reside together despite having different backgrounds can be called a secular state. Any state always operates at the hands of people through a social machinery calles politics. Politics can be responsible for upliftment as well as deterioration of a state. When it is used on the basis of religion and things like it, a state gets limited to certain aspects and experiences less flourishment. But a state where governments equal importance to all religions and other such things, it emerges as an ideal abode of humanity. The idea of a secular state and its traits can be understood through this article. India is lately experiencing religious intolerance and deterioration of human and moral values. There have been a significant rise in instances involving communal violence, inhuman activities and other such things done on the basis of caste, class and religion. So it is very much mandatory to throw light on the idea of a secular state and get to know its traits.

Kei te moe te tinana, kei te oho te wairua – As the body sleeps, the spirit awakens: exploring the spiritual experiences of contemporary Māori associated with sleep

ABSTRACT For Aotearoa New Zealand Māori, sleep and wairua (spirit) are closely intertwined. During sleep the wairua awakens and journeys across multiple dimensions of time and space to attain the tools and knowledge the individual needs to navigate waking life. While this function of sleep is understood within Mātauranga Māori (bodies of knowledge regarding everything within the universe) (Hikuroa 2017), it has yet to be explored within psychological sleep research. This qualitative study contributes to addressing this gap by exploring nine Māori participants’ personal experiences of wairua during sleep. A whakapapa thematic analysis identified two interconnected layers. The first layer contributed to a spiritual explanatory framework for sleep, developed to encompass participants’ beliefs regarding wairua, which were utilised to interpret their sleep experiences. The second layer describes these interpretations, comprised of three central themes: (1) Tohu/Guidance; (2) Ako/Space and time for learning; and (3) Tau/Attaining a state of stability, peace, and purpose. These findings suggest that the spiritual experience of sleep supported participants in navigating their waking lives safely, purposefully, and meaningfully, contributing to Indigenous and Māori scholarship regarding the spiritual and cultural purpose of sleep, and with important implications for clinical, social, and academic approaches to understanding and supporting sleep.

Wallace Stevens and Zen Buddhism

American poet Wallace Stevens describes nature in his poetry, discussing the relationship between poetry writing and nature, and expresses his ecological poetics to the world. The poet also integrates the concepts of Buddhism into his ecopoetry, advocating that humans should control the constantly expanding material desires, being indifferent to fame and wealth, and form a peaceful state of mind, thereby reducing human damage to the environment and nature, and constructing a deep ecological view which advocates all creatures are equal.

Peace in an unequal world? Experimental evidence on the relationship between inequality and conflict in a guns-vs-butter setting

This study addresses the emergence of (unarmed) peace and investments in arms within a guns-vs-butter conflict setting. We introduce a novel feature within the conflict game and separate the decision to start a conflict and the investment in arms, following the theoretical framework of Garfinkel and Syropoulos (2021). Based on this model we experimentally examine the emergence of peace while varying resource inequality among conflicting parties. We find that inequality leads to more conflicts and higher investments in arms. Despite these trends, achieving a state of unarmed peace is rarely observed in both treatments. Our results highlight the critical role of trust in attaining peaceful outcomes and show that armed peace, although not an optimal strategy in either treatment, is one of the most frequently chosen decisions.

Effects of Balik Barangay Program to the livelihood, peace and order, public safety, and education in Patikul, Sulu

Despite concerted efforts to combat terrorism, it remained a persistent and evolving threat that requires ongoing vigilance, cooperation, and resilience from the global community. Terrorists frequently operate within hidden networks, taking advantage of grievances as well as political, social, and economic vulnerabilities to promote their causes. This was an impact analysis using descriptive-correlational study analyzing the effects of Balik Barangay Program to the state of livelihood, peace and order, public safety, and education in Patikul, Sulu. Residents (n=100) were purposively sampled in each of 10 identified barangays in the municipality. Findings indicated that the Balik Barangay Program had positive effects on the livelihood ( =4.213; σ=0.143), peace and order ( =4.283; σ=0.192), public safety (=4.172; σ=0.197), and education (=4.197; σ=0.169). Findings also indicated that these variables had weak but correlated results. Balik Barangay Program had a transformative impact on the lives of residents in Patikul, Sulu, by addressing socio-economic vulnerabilities, restoring peace and order, enhancing public safety, and providing opportunities for education and development. Through initiatives such as training, capacity building, and access to resources, the program has helped enhance agricultural productivity, create sustainable livelihood, alleviate poverty, create a safer environment for residents and visitors alike, and reducing the risk of criminal activities and violence.

Religious Moderation in the Presiden Joko Widodo Administration: Tools for Religious Harmony or Politics?

Religious moderation has always been promoted and socialized by the government to all elements of society, especially by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia since 2016. However, repression continues against a certain religion and group. This article discusses whether religious moderation is successful or not as an effective tool for strengthening interreligious tolerance and confusion in order to create a just and peaceful state in the era of the Joko Widodo administration. The research used content analysis methods from eleven online news media outlets with a historical case study approach. The results showed that the religious moderation under President Joko Widodo is contrary to the spirit of tolerance and anti-violence, which is the main principle of moderation. There is a considerable amount of persecution, violence, and disobedience directed towards individuals or groups that associate with Islamists or apply Islamic rules to themselves or their groups due to the top-down approach of implementation design, lack of human resources, and lack of monitoring of religious moderation indicators. Furthermore, there is a call for religious moderation to be exercised in a more balanced and impartial manner towards certain groups while at the same time being more restrictive towards certain other groups.

An Analysis of the Potential of Philippine Sports as a Tool for Public Diplomacy

With the growing lapses of sports-based strategies in the Philippine setting, the gap between its theoretical foundation and its praxis has ballooned, predominantly attributed to the need for more academic work in this area. Correspondingly, this study provides implications for sports-related strategies for predicting a positive public image of the Philippines and harboring peaceful state cooperation through the merits of soft power. To achieve this, this paper has contrived the objectives, including (1) identifying the implications of hosting the SEA Games 2019 for the country by examining the management of the Philippine government, (2) determining the implications of the elite sporting success of Filipino athletes in sports tournaments, and, lastly, (3) identifying the potential of sports through the implementation of sports-related strategy by the Philippines. Moreover, this paper implements qualitative methods, including document review and key informant interviews, to gather pertinent testimonials from various sub-sectors in sports, including national elite athletes, professional coaches, and sports experts, to assess the state of Philippine sports and significantly determine its potential as a serious form of public diplomacy, particularly in achieving its intended outcomes. This study infers that Philippine sports have the capability to influence the country's stature with consideration of the global media as well as advance its foreign policy of international cooperation.

The Hope for the War as a Results of the Inactivity of Peace. The Russian Thought on the Great War (1914–1918)

The article analyzes the self interpretative views of Russian thinkers on the Great War. Philosophers, historians and publicists unanimously assessed the armed conflict of 1914–1918 as a great change from the state of peace understood as apathy. The war was supposed to give hope for a positive transformation of Russia. According to philosophers, the conflict between the Orthodox East and the West was to lead to a renewal of the European spirit. The war was to destroy the foundations of Western thinking: rationalism, atheism, nihilism, militarism, capitalism and bourgeoisism. The German Empire for the Russians was the embodiment of these features of Modernity. The mission of the East was to be the religious revival of Europe, the liberation of the Slavs and the conquest of Constantinople.

“UZBEKISTAN – 2030” STRATEGY AS A NEW IDEOSPHERE OF SOCIETY

In our country, the “Uzbekistan-2030” strategy was created on the basis of the logical continuation of the reforms implemented in all areas of the development of New Uzbekistan and the need to build the foundations of the Third Renaissance. This viable strategy envisages the implementation of 100 goals consisting of 5 main directions, and the document is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. This article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of the content of the strategy “Uzbekistan-2030”, the purpose of which is to create suitable conditions for each person in our country to realize their potential, improve the well-being of the population through sustainable economic growth and environmental protection, explored priorities in the field of ensuring the rule of law, organizing public administration in the service of the people, turning the country into a safe and peaceful state.

GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS (GNH): A WAY FROM NATIONAL HAPPINESS TO GLOBAL HAPPINESS

Chasing happiness has become a global agenda in todays unrest life where everyone is helpless before stressful living standard, unsustainable environment, unknown pandemics, ill physical, mental and emotional health, poor psychological wellbeing, pervasive influence of technology, relentless search of self-interest at any cost and so on. Globalising development with happiness is the cry of the Earth today. From the core of Himalayan mountain range, Bhutan, a land- locked country, in a state of peace, good will, natural preservation and promotion of culture, Environmental Conservation, Good Governance and Sustainable and equitable socio- economic development, concerted on Gross National Happiness (GNH), endorsing GNP and GDP as unsustainable measures of development with happiness. The operationalization of the methods and tools of GNH is also improving the quality of the living standard of the people of Bhutan as per the GNH survey 2022. Against this background, the paper is an attempt to generalise the GNH model of happiness in Bhutan in particular and over the globe in general. KEY WORDS: Gross National Happiness, Sustainable Development, Global Happiness, Environmental conservation, Good Governance,

Adventure Tourism in Bilaspur: A Framework for Assessment and Strategic Development

Abstract:- This research paper investigates the state of adventure tourism in Himachal Pradesh’s Bilaspur district, employing the NIRVANA framework for assessment and strategic development. The assessment and planning process within this framework aims to cultivate a state of perfect peace and happiness akin to "Nirvana'' by fostering sustainable development practices. Through a broad analysis of Bilaspur's adventure tourism potential, encompassing Natural Resources and Geography; Infrastructure, Accessibility, and Investment; Risk, Regulation, and Marketing; Visitor Experience Management; Community Engagement; Sustainability and Conservation; collaboration; and monitoring thereof. Utilizing a combination of destination survey, secondary research, data extraction from published sources, and primary data acquisition from authorities, practitioners, and subject experts of the region this study was analyzed within the specified framework. Findings indicate Bilaspur's rich natural landscapes and existing adventure infrastructure, such as paragliding sites and water sports complexes, position it as a promising adventure tourism destination. However, challenges in investment, risk management, market understanding, and marketing persist. Recommendations include enhancing infrastructure, diversifying investment sources, improving risk management practices, and implementing targeted marketing strategies. The study contributes to the understanding of adventure tourism development, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that respects natural and cultural heritage while promoting sustainable and innovative practices.

Nationalism and Conflict: How Do Variations of Nationalism Affect Variations in Domestic and International Conflict?

Abstract This article advances a novel theoretical framework for explaining the emergence of international and domestic conflicts, especially in the twenty-first century. I argue that nationalism plays a major role in the rise of these conflicts. Yet, nationalism is not monolithic. I distinguish among five types of nationalism (satisfied; stateless; consolidating; irredentist; populist). The variations in the type of nationalism explain variations in peace and conflict in different parts of the world. The explanation of the variations of types of nationalism, in turn, is based on the combined effect of variations in state capacity (i.e., the functioning of state institutions) and national congruence (i.e., the congruence between national identities and state borders). Variations in these two independent variables account for both civil and international wars as well as for peaceful states and for domestic polarization. Thus, national congruence and high capacity produce satisfied nationalism and a peaceful state. In contrast, national incongruence and low capacity lead to stateless nationalism and, thus, to civil wars in failed states. High capacity and national incongruence, especially external incongruence, produce irredentist nationalism of revisionist states, leading to war-prone interstate conflicts. High capacity and declining congruence generate nationalist populism and societal polarization. Thus, the theory developed here explains the recent rise of nationalist populism (and the related domestic polarization) in quite a few democracies in comparison with other types of nationalism and the conflicts they generate.

“Quantum 3.0”: What Will It Mean for War, Peace, and World Order?

Without quantum mechanics, the nuclear and information revolutions of the twentieth century would not have happened. In this article, we examine how new quantum technologies are coming to reshape war and peace in the twenty-first century. Research and development across quantum computing, communications, and sensing has taken on the dynamic of a “quantum race” between major powers, big tech, and academic institutions. A quantum advantage in these areas could radically reshape political and economic as well as strategic balances of power. In a world already marked by global entanglement, deep uncertainty, and superpositional states of war and peace, quantized modes of understanding need to expand from the natural and physical sciences into the social and political sciences, which remain stuck in causal, linear, and deterministic worldviews inherited from the seventeenth century. We use this article to begin to push beyond the classical limits of traditional international relations to consider new epistemic tools, ethical frameworks, and geopolitical strategies for a world order transformed by Quantum 3.0.

قانون حقوق الإنسان والقانون الإنساني: بين التكاملية والتعارض

International human rights law and international humanitarian law are two specialized areas of public international law. They exist as two distinct branches of law. Each branch has a different legal basis and origin. However, they share humanitarian ideals, and thus some areas of overlap appear in practice. The two systems share the responsibility for protecting the rights of human beings: Humanitarian law in times of armed conflict, and human rights law in times of peace and times of war as well. Because of this, in practice, it happens that the standards of international human rights law and international humanitarian law are applied simultaneously. At the same time, there are differences between these two legal systems that arise from the different circumstances involved in a state of war and a state of peace. Consequently, several questions arise regarding this relationship: Are the two branches mutually exclusive? Under what circumstances is humanitarian law applied, and how does this differ from the application of human rights law? What are the areas of overlap? What are the practical consequences of the legal problems resulting from the parallel application of the two legal frameworks? This paper does not aim to answer all of these questions, but rather its goal is to contribute to the current debate by presenting the similarities between human rights law and humanitarian law, areas of overlap, and situations of common application. We will also focus on the differences in this relationship, especially the differences in the field of protection guaranteed by legal standards, responsibility for violating the standards, as well as the exceptions allowed in implementing the standards. In one part of the paper, the principle of private law is applied in cases where one of the two branches is more specific in a concrete situation.

Benjamin Robins: elegant mathematics versus experimental inconvenience?

Ballistics is an area of flight, and fewer subjects were of greater importance to nation states in the eighteenth century. William Mountaine who published on the topic in 1747 and 1781, wrote: ‘It is not possible in the nature of things for any one kingdom to continue long in a state of peace and tranquility', and ‘the art of gunnery has from time to time engaged the attention of the most eminent mathematicians’. This paper describes the slow up-take of ideas, first put forward explicitly by Benjamin Robins in 1742, which challenged the belief that air resistance could be neglected in the flight of cannon balls, and asks why it could be, that for a topic so pressing, a clearly wrong mathematical theory was upheld for so long. While considering a number of factors, it argues the attraction of beautiful and simple geometry can be beguiling.

The Possibility of Development: On Politics amid a Military Conflict

None of the basic elements of the modern European paradigm of military conflict―a clear dividing line between the state of war and peace, the possibility and central role of a battle leading to victory, and, finally, the world order as a result of the ability to come to agreement―exists anymore.

Soldier duties as a form of shaping the ethos of military service

The war which broke out on February 24, 2022, as a result of the military aggression of Russian Federation against Ukraine once again shattered the state of relative peace in Europe and reevaluated the perception of threats, shifting focus from non-military threats to military ones. Thus, the issue of the readiness of the state, including the readiness of its military forces acting as its armed wing, for another potential military conflict came to the forefront of all discussions conducted in the political, scientific and social world. Events on the international arena coincided with measures undertaken as part of the Ministry of National Defence. These consist primarily in increasing the number of soldiers in the Polish Army (ultimately up to 300,000 soldiers), increasing combat capacity through modernisation and purchasing modern armament, as well as improving combat capabilities, as assumed by the Development Program of the Armed Forces for 2017-2026. It is worth noticing that the process focuses not only on supplying the army with modern equipment, but also on shaping in soldiers those features that will be useful both in peacetime and in wartime. What is meant here is soldier duties understood as fulfilment of a certain moral obligations to the Homeland, nation, as well as both military and civil environment. Duties can also be understood in the context of a specific vocation, mission, or responsibility to be fulfilled towards those who established a particular entity, in this case the Polish Army, to fulfil tasks prescribed by law and put their trust in them. In the course of the research, the soldier duties which are relevant to the process of building the ethos of military service and the way in which these duties should be shaped were identified.

Effort Increase Competence Teacher Through Teaching Practices at SDN 050662 Peace State

Increasing teacher competence is an important factor in improving the process of teaching and learning activities so as to create quality education. Therefore that, teacher must capableknow whatpeaceelementaryschoolstudentsneedstableinprocessStudyteachso that creation environment Which safe and inclusive. One effort to encourage student motivation in learning is by look for practical Study Which interesting so that creation that interaction Good between teachers And student in process learning to teach inside class.Method study used is approach qualitative, that is involve ideas practical Teacher in teaching in Engineering class study Which we use For gather something research data in the form of literature reviews, observations and interviews. The results of interviews that we can carry out at the stable peace elementary school in activities to increase teacher competencethroughpracticalteachingsothattheycanmotivatestudentsinStudy teachso that can increase interest student in Study class if a Teacher have innovation in implement practical teach inside class so that good interaction between teachers and students is created in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The aim of the research we conducted in elementary schools peace stable the goal so that increase quality Education Which quality and creating a safe and inclusive educational environment at SDN 050662 Stabat Peace.

MEMAHAMI KONSEP MEDITASI DALAM KAJIAN SUTTA-SUTTA DALAM SUTTAPIṬAKA

This article aims to explain the understanding of meditation, which is useful for achieving a state of perfect mental health, peace and tranquility. This is because not all have a complete understanding of meditation, on the contrary, the diversity of types of meditation has resulted in many perspectives on meditation, some of which are contrary to Buddhist teachings, such as meditation to gain wealth, attractive appearance, or supernatural powers. This research uses literature and literature review methods. Literature review with reference review, review of literature publications by previous researchers related to the topic to be researched. The author not only collects theories but various reference sources including journals, Buddhist scriptures and books. From the literature search, the discussion includes: types of meditation to train the mind, conditions that support meditation, the benefits of meditation, samatha bhavana and vipassana bhavana meditation practice, and also current meditation practices, as well as the implications of meditation practice for householders in everyday life as more and more the urgent need to be able to organize oneself better in facing various roles in the family, work and environment.