State Educational Standards Research Articles

UNRESTRICTED USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IS A PREREQUISITE FOR COUNTERING ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS CRIMES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION AND INFORMATIZATION OF SOCIETY AND THE STATE

The current task of the Russian Federation is the effective counteraction to especially dangerous crimes in the context of digitalization and informatization of society and the state using the special knowledge of specialists and experts. Purpose: to analyze the problems of using special knowledge in legal proceedings, often associated with the unacceptably low competence of their carriers - knowledgeable persons. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms. The study reveals that in our country the line between the special knowledge possessed by knowledgeable persons (specialists and experts), and the legal knowledge possessed by investigators, judges, etc., is consistently blurred. It is proved by the inclusion of the specialty «forensics» in the enlarged group of legal specialties and the subsequent approval in 2020 of the Federal Educational Standard for this specialty of the 3++ generation, in which, compared to previous generations of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education, a significant proportion of special knowledge is replaced by legal knowledge, making it virtually impossible to provide high-quality training for future specialists and experts. The development of a professional standard for a forensic expert for the benefit of forensic organizations may have a positive impact on the professionalism of their staff, but the draft of this standard fixes the need for them to have a predominance of legal knowledge, which is directly contrary to the interests of law enforcement in the country in the due professionalism of forensic experts, designed to contribute to the effectiveness of scientific and technical support for the detection and investigation of crimes. Proposals for improving the situation are formulated.

Peculiarities of Professional and Physical Training of Students at Pedagogical Higer Education Institutions

The article reveals the content and features of professional-applied physical training of students of pedagogical specialties in accordance with the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of the third generation + in the pedagogical institute of Irkutsk State University in practical physical education classes taking into account the direction and profile of training. Target objectives of the study were aimed at structuring and content of physical education classes for the section “Professional Applied Physical Training” taking into account the following two aspects: increasing the level of functional and physical preparedness of students and the formation of professional skills of future teachers. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature and own research it was established that professional-applied physical training in the content should be, if possible, the opposite of professional activity and thus be in direct dependence on the nature of its content. A specially selected methodological support of the process of professional applied physical training was developed and its basic foundations (health-protective organization of school lesson and extracurricular training, use of personally meaningful means of physical culture, formation of practical skills of implementing the content of physical culture and health work, etc.) were defined. In order to assess the level of formation of abilities and skills of future professional activity organization in the aspect of its implementation by means of physical culture and taking into account pedagogical orientation, a complex assessment of the level of professional competences of first-year students of the Pedagogical Institute of Irkutsk State University in the number of 108 people was carried out. The results obtained from the introduction of the section “Professional Applied Physical Training” into the content of physical education and educational process of pedagogical university showed a significant increase in the effectiveness of the level of professional competences of future teachers.

Human and society. Didactic materials for independent work of 10th grade students of educational institutions

The series of publications was prepared on the basis of a teaching manual addressed to 10th grade schoolchildren of schools studying the integrative course “Social Studies” (section “Man and Society”), and is a set of materials for independent work. The content of the manual fully meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards of Basic General Education and work programs for secondary (complete) education in social studies. The presented theoretical and practical material reveals the main aspects of social life: the essence and functional characteristics of consciousness and activity, ideas about society and social institutions as a system, types of societies, views on culture as a cumulative spiritual experience and “collective memory”, its main institutions — science, religion, morality, education, art. Particular attention is paid to the definition of social progress and global problems of mankind.

Modern Approaches to Assessing the Universal Competencies of Future Teachers on the Example of the Communicative and Regulatory Component

The purpose of the study. With the transition of higher education to modernized federal state educational standards of higher education, the concept of “universal competencies” was introduced in the theory of competency-based approach and in pedagogical practice. Later on, this notion was uniformly fixed by the levels of education for all areas of higher education in the Russian Federation. Federal state educational standards of higher education are focused on the norms of professional standards, and universal competencies supplement professional qualifications and reflect the peculiarities of educational training of future teachers. Today in Russia there is a stable social order for professional educators and formation of universal competences imposes new requirements to the quality of their training. According to the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education, the result of training is not only a competent specialist who is able to perform certain operations within his/her professional business, but also a specialist with a set of universal competences. However, the theory and practice of higher education currently lacks a unified approach to assessing the universal competencies of future teachers. The aim of the presented work is to identify modern approaches to the assessment of universal competencies in higher education institutions on the example of communicative and regulatory component of the universal competencies of future teachers.Materials and methods of research. The presented study comprehensively used such methods of research as study and analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, normative and program documents of educational organizations of higher education, which form the basis of pedagogical activity, generalization of articles of major scientific and educational communities and their comparative analysis. The methodological basis of the study are integrated and activity-based approaches associated with the activity-based nature of the formation of universal competencies of future teachers.Results. As a result of the study, the theoretical foundations of evaluating universal competences are considered, the domestic and international experience of evaluating universal competences is analyzed and the evaluation of universal competences of future teachers is proposed on the example of the communicative and regulatory component.Conclusion. The federal state educational standards of higher education have a very detailed description of indicators of achieving universal competencies, but the present study highlights the problems of their assessment. The comparative analysis of domestic and international experience in assessing universal competencies showed that the results of individual research projects, as well as the opinions of employers and experts are a source of information on their formation. This indicates different approaches to assessing competencies. In order to assess universal competencies it is necessary to structure them. Our study is based on the three-component structure of universal competencies of future teachers, consisting of motivational, cognitive, communicative and activity-based components. The practical significance lies in the presentation of assessment of communicative and regulatory component of universal competencies of future teachers with the help of assessment tools for interim certification of the studied disciplines (modules) and various techniques.

Б. Пильняк «Волга впадает в Каспийское море»: обучаем экстралингвистическому анализу текста

The article is devoted to the problems of theory and practice of philological text analysis in secondary schools. Despite the fact that the text belongs to the actively studied area of linguodidactics, the relevance of finding optimal forms of work on its analysis is not decreasing, but, on the contrary, taking into account the requirements of the new Federal State Educational Standards and modern realities, it is increasing. The author’s attention is focused on the reception of B. Pilnyak’s novel «The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea» as a text of culture. The author explores the ways of representing the cultural and historical context in the work, revealing its extralinguistic foundations. Considering the multidimensionality of approaches to the analysis of a literary text, we focus on the study of its connection with culture. Thus, the purpose of the article is to organize work on the formation of the skills of extralinguistic analysis of a literary text in high school students. The effectiveness and expediency of the proposed work lies in the organic combination of traditional methods of analysis and methods of modern pedagogical technologies. The subject of the study is B. Pilnyak’s novel «The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea». The analysis carried out is based on linguo-stylistic and comparative methods, as well as methods of citing and holistic analysis of a literary work. As a result of the study, an algorithm for extralinguistic analysis of B. Pilnyak’s novel was developed from the standpoint of its inclusion in the historical and cultural context of the era of the 1920s, which can be successfully applied to the analysis of other literary texts. The proposed format of work contributes to the development of subject and meta-subject results of students, the formation of research skills, the skills of individual, pair and group work, the development of communicative and linguistic competencies

Цифровая трансформация образования: перспективы и новые возможности

the modern education system, closely interacting with all areas and sectors of the economy, dynamically responds to any changes and takes us to a new stage of development - the stage of universal digitalization. The change in Federal State Educational Standards, a new concept for the development and implementation of educational programs, taking into account the requirements of professional standards and the requests of employers, determine the need for training specialists with complex competencies. These problems can be solved with the help of the digital transformation of higher education. This article is devoted to the digital transformation of higher education. It considers the concepts of “informatization”, “digitalization”, “digital transformation of education”. The main directions of digital transformation of higher education are analyzed. It is necessary to update the educational process in accordance with the new requirements and norms, specifications, quality indicators and improve the ICT competence of university teachers. Digitalization is not only the conversion of existing data and applied processes into digital form and the creation of electronic copies of textbooks, but also the use of digital technologies, electronic resources, digital educational platforms, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, etc. All this changes thinking, forms and methods of work, allows you to actively introduce digital technologies into the educational process, which are not just a new information tool for solving problems, but a new environment and ways of thinking. To be competitive in the information society, it is necessary to be able to create and apply information using digital technologies.

Формирование профессиональных компетенций, обеспечивающих осуществление студентами научно-исследовательской деятельности

The article deals with the results of a theoretical research "Studying the opinion of parents about the need for psychological and pedagogical assistance in an educational organization". The survey revealed that the largest percentage of respondents are interested in cooperation with educational organizations to maintain the psychological health of their child. Parents are also very concerned about the difficulties they face in the process of raising their child. This practice is an example of the organization of changes in the content and technology of individualization and practice-oriented pedagogical training and ensures the implementation of a new professional standard, new federal state educational standards of general and preschool education. 
 The article deals with the results of a theoretical research "Studying the opinion of parents about the need for psychological and pedagogical assistance in an educational organization". The survey revealed that the largest percentage of respondents are interested in cooperation with educational organizations to maintain the psychological health of their child. Parents are also very concerned about the difficulties they face in the process of raising their child.

New Approaches to Internal Educational Migration

The article analyzes domestic internal educational migration. Different views of scientists who have made a significant contribution to the development of the theory of migration are considered. Migration was assessed in terms of depopulation, when the death rate in recent years has been exceeding the birth rate in Russia. The author has substantiated correlation between economic laws, economic interests, incentives and migration. Educational migration has been divided into external and internal migration. The place, role and influence of internal educational migration on reproduction processes in Russia are shown. It is emphasized that in certain cases, internal educational migration should be considered as a specific form of local "brain drain", which manifests itself in a large number of young people in Siberia and the Far East wishing to continue their education in the central universities of the country. It is noted that after graduating from the capital's universities, most of them do not return to their home areas, which negatively affects the entire national reproduction process. The Western competence-based approach, which is the basis of domestic educational standards, is analyzed, its shortcomings are indicated. Proposals are made to improve the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education.

К вопросу об онтогенезе модели специалиста в русле эволюции образовательных стандартов

The specialist model is an important concept of Higher Education didactics, a system-forming element in the design of educational process to train specialists, the basis for evaluating its effectiveness, forming the subject field of the educational process, and choosing educational technologies and teaching methods. The specialist model, as a system of professional qualities requirements for a specialist, is reflected in the regulatory and legal documentation on professional training, such as State Educational Standards of Higher Education. The last decade has been a period of significant changes in the educational standards of the third generation for higher education, the development and implementation of educational standards of the fourth generation is on the threshold. The topic of transformation of the specialist model presented in educational standards has become especially relevant. The article aims to consider the changes (ontogenesis) of the specialist model in compliance with the evolution of educational standards of higher education and how it affected the design and development of educational programs for training specialists. Changes in the specialist model are considered, the case of engineering training programs (bachelor’s) throughout the entire period of implementation of educational standards of three generations. It is shown that many changes are both of negative and positive systemic nature. The solution to the problems is not so much in the field of didactics, but in the field of lawmaking when developing fourth-generation standards. For this purpose, some recommendations regarding the properties of the specialist model, being the vital link of educational standards, are given.

Совершенствование методов изучения графических дисциплин для студентов технических специальностей и направлений

In modern development of digital technologies education faces a difficult task: translation of previously accumulated knowledge and meeting the demands of the digital future in the XXI century. Digital transformation of education involves changing the ways and methods of teaching, as well as changing the subjects of education - the teacher and the student. A convenient tool of influence between a student and a teacher is a modular virtual educational platform (for example, Moodle), which allows studying the theoretical material, conducting practical classes and examinations. Combination of various technological techniques confirms the availability of their implementing for improving the quality of education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards, allows improving the quality of education in the context of a dynamically developing society. Certain approaches to the graphic training of students have been stated. Modeling the geometric shapes on the screen, in contrast to the traditional approach, develops the intellectual, cognitive and creative abilities of students, in most cases having insufficient graphic training. Working with graphics packages is impossible without the knowledge that is acquired in practical classes of Engineering Graphics. Actually, at the university engineering training is aimed at developing the skills of creating an information model of an object and forming project documentation based on it. Introducing the innovative methods and forms of education creates a new strategy of vocational training in a technical university. When studying the sections of mechanical engineering drawing, computer visibility allows to see the technical forms of the details, gives an idea of the manufacturing technology, control and assembly of products, which will help the student to correctly perform cuts, sections of parts, correctly apply the dimensions on the drawings. There have been illustrated the examples of using engineering graphics in the technological processes of manufacturing the soundproof hood “KAPONISTR” for outboard boat motors. It has been inferred that the computer visual aids are important in training the engineers by using active teaching methods.

EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING OF THE UNIVERSITY INFORMATION SYSTEM

The process of development and functionality of the university information system “Digital Profile & Electronic Portfolio Management System for Employees, Teachers and Students (E-TUTOR)” – the programme designed for organisational, administrative, technical and informational support of the educational organisation activities when implementing basic professional educational programmes in accordance with the federal state educational standards of higher education – is described in the article. The choice of design methodology and approaches to the selection of the development team is presented with the description of the development tool as well as the system functionality; the ways of the system development are outlined.

A meaningful analysis of the updated Federal State Educational Standards and the problem of implementing their requirements in the work of a teacher

The subject of the study is the updated Federal State Educational Standards (FGOS) of all levels of general education. The object of the study is the formation of a unified educational space in the Russian Federation, one of the leading instruments of which is the Federal State Educational Standard. The study presents a detailed analysis of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for the results of the development of basic educational programs. Special attention is paid to the professional competencies of the teacher, which determine the possibility of forming results within the framework of subject-based learning. The study was carried out on the basis of a meaningful analysis of updated FGOS and other regulatory documents, statistical analysis of FGOS of different generations, monitoring studies of professional competencies of teachers. Based on the conducted research, a number of conclusions were made. It is revealed that the leading update of the Federal State Educational Standard is the concretized and systematized requirements for personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the basic educational programs, which are holistically presented in relation to training and upbringing and formulated in an activity form. It is shown that the updated FGOS answer the systemic questions "what to teach?", "how to teach?", "why to teach?", i.e. they have an applied nature. The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard set the framework of requirements for the professional competencies of a teacher – subject, methodological, personal. The study revealed the deficits of professional competencies, the leading of which is the willingness and ability to carry out professional activities on the basis of a system–activity approach, which acts as a system-forming condition for the implementation of requirements for learning outcomes. The scope of application of the research results is to determine the directions of professional development of teachers in the context of changes in the regulatory framework.

Проблемы подготовки специалистов для обеспечения безопасности в горнодобывающей промышленности

The coal industry in Russia set a course for innovation in accordance with the new edition of the Development Program for the period up to 2035. This requires competent highly qualified specialists capable of implementing innovations in the fuel and energy industry. Reliability of all the engineering and technical systems depends on the qualifications and competence of a specialist, his ability to making decision, assess the situation and take responsibility for his actions at each stage of the technological process. At the same time, the role of the human factor and the level of personnel training in modern conditions are significantly increasing. Training of specialists for the mining industry began with the establishment of the Higher Mining School in 1773 in St. Petersburg. During flourishing of the USSR, the system of mining education was recognized worldwide: about 40 universities, more than 90 secondary specialized educational institutions and 154 vocational schools provided training according to the unified programs of the corresponding level of education. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of modern Russia (transition of the mining enterprises into the private hands) made it necessary to reconsider both approaches to training specialists (from a knowledge system to a competency-based training system), and in the structure of content (from the individual disciplines to the types of work, professional standards for the corresponding types of activity). Introduction of the new requirements is reflected in the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher and Secondary Vocational Education. The rate of economic growth and the need to always remain in demand in the labor market encourages the revival of cooperation between educational organizations and communities of employers in the practical training of students, training and mentoring in the workplaces. These approaches are the result of global changes in the world, the development of technology and innovation, as well as the sustainable development of the economy and the ability to safely exist in a high-tech world.

Assessment of the Level of Development of Natural Science Literacy of Secondary School Pupils of Mirny Settlement of Krasnoyarsk District of Samara Region

At the present stage, federal state educational standards of general education attach special importance to the formation and development of functional literacy of pupils, which includes such components as natural science literacy, mathematical literacy, reading literacy, financial literacy, global competencies, creative thinking. Considerable attention is paid to the formation and development of functional literacy for the reason that the acquired knowledge, formed skills and abilities can be applied by pupils to solve life problems. This article is devoted to the development of natural science literacy of pupils in the lessons of the module “Fundamentals of natural science literacy” of the course “Fundamentals of functional literacy of basic school pupils» (on the example of a secondary school in the Mirny settlement, Krasnoyarsk District, Samara Region). The results of the pupils’ performance of a complex task on the topic “Living nature. Herbicides and their role”, which consisted of tasks of various types, such as working with text, working with a histogram and its analysis; analysis of graphic sources of information; a task with a choice of statements; working with a geographical map; working with text and reasoning conclusions. It was revealed that the majority of pupils (91%) have the ability to work with a geographical map, and the least well-formed pupils have the ability to analyze graphic sources of information. The results of the study showed that the majority of pupils have an average (47% of pupils) level of development of natural science literacy; an increased level was recorded in 19% of pupils; high and low levels were demonstrated by 13% of pupils, and 7% of pupils demonstrated insufficient natural science literacy.

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING

World globalization puts increasingly strict demands on graduates of higher education institutions. In addition to professional competencies, which include a certain set of abilities and skills, a modern specialist must not only navigate his business, but also, in accordance with state educational standards, be able to read foreign professional literature, find the necessary information and properly apply the results of foreign language training in his professional activities. The level of students' mastery of a foreign language directly depends on effective teaching methods and the use of information technologies. The article draws attention to the fact that digital technologies have become an important factor in the process of language learning. Electronic communication devices such as computers, laptops, mobile phones, global communication system, video and audio conferencing, video telephony, webcasting and chats have become an integral part of language learning and their widespread use in education. The article also notes that the emergence of technological learning has significantly expanded the possibilities of learning a foreign language and created an alternative virtual learning environment that is not limited to the walls of an educational institution. Every foreign language class usually uses some form of technology. This study focuses on the role of using new technologies in the process of foreign language training, in particular the use of the Flipped studying format. The article attempts to explain the use of technology in the process of learning a foreign language, to analyze previous scientific studies related to the use of technology to improve language skills, and to make certain recommendations for improving the use of digital technologies that help students of higher education institutions learn material using information achievements of the modern world.

FORMATION OF COMPUTATIONAL SKILLS OF STUDENTS USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article presents a methodology for the formation of cognitive, computational skills, educational activities of younger students with the help of information technology. The role of information technologies in the formation of students’ computing skills has been clarified. The article considers the circumstances of the formation of fast counting skills in students using Internet applications in mathematics lessons. The article describes how to increase students’ interest in the subject by offering level tasks given in the state educational standards.

К ВОПРОСУ О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ НОВОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article presents measures within the framework of the ongoing reform of the Russian higher education system, which are aimed at building logic and continuity at all levels of education, improving federal state educational standards, strengthening integration with the labor market and forming a unified and high-quality educational area in Russia.

The potential of the monograph “Military Law” in the training of the future military lawyer and the development of his personality

In 2021 and 2022, under the general editorship of A.N. Savenkov and A.V. Kudashkin, three volumes of the fundamental monograph “Military Law” were published. The list of questions studied in the monograph is very diverse and extremely voluminous. For the first time in science, scientific ideas about Military Law as a science and a form of legal practice are theoretically conceptualized, and the hypotheses and provisions put forward by the team of authors are successfully and clearly proven. It is also worth mentioning that the team of authors consists of recognized experts in the field of Military Law, young scientists and experienced practitioners. In accordance with the classical principles of systematic and deductive research, the first volume of the monograph examines the history and theory of Military Law, the second volume reveals the current state of Military Law and analyzes its institutions, the third volume of the monograph is devoted to the knowledge of the main problems of Military Law and promising areas of military legal research. In addition to new research horizons opened up in the development of the science of Military Law, the developed monograph as a comprehensive scientific work, which effectively summarizes the theoretical provisions of this branch of science, opens up wide opportunities for its study in the training of future lawyers. Since the federal state educational standards of higher education for future lawyers provide for Military Law specialization, the monograph under consideration is of direct practical importance for the professional training and personality development of a future lawyer. The article considers the potential of the monograph “Military Law”, its psychological and pedagogical significance in the development of the personality of a future military lawyer. The structure and features of this potential, as well as the functions of Military Law in the formation of the legal professionalism of the individual, are revealed. Practical recommendations are offered for the introduction of the monograph “Military Law” into the educational activities of educational institutions of higher education in various fields. The possibility of using the materials of the monograph in the educational process as educational and methodological and modular materials is considered.

MOTIVATION THROUGH GAME TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS

Modern requirements of the state educational standard of the latest generation require professional pedagogical competence from the teacher. This directly depends on the purposeful use of pedagogical technologies by the teacher. Game technologies occupy a leading place among pedagogical technologies in shaping students as worthy individuals capable of self-development and self-education. The article pays special attention to business games among gaming technologies, their role in the formation of competencies in the subject of mathematics is noted. An example of the use of business games in the development of a particular topic is given from a fragment of the lesson. With the help of gaming technologies, the performance of students during the month was analyzed, and their dynamic growth was shown using a diagram.

Industrial and sports cluster as a tool for the development of universal and general professional competencies of future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports

The organization of training in the direction of training 49.03.01 Physical culture should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard of higher education and taking into account the specifics of the development of the sphere of physical culture and sports at the federal, regional and municipal levels. Preparation of future specialists for their professional activities is implemented in the process of formation of universal and general professional competencies regulated by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. In this article, the features of the organization of cluster interaction were considered on the example of the industrial and sports cluster of the Sverdlovsk region, within the framework of studying the activities of which it is possible to form competencies for the disclosure of the personnel potential of specialists in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as increase their competitiveness in the labor market.