Standard Research Methods Research Articles

Development of a powdered food additive based on sea buckthorn fruit

In the process of food production, it is important not only to obtain a high quality product, but also to minimize industrial waste and reduce energy costs for the process. Recently, customers have been paying particular attention to the biological value of products, and the popularity of organic and natural products is growing. The search for new types of unconventional raw materials and the choice of a rational method of their processing is an important task for scientists and manufacturers. The aim of the study is to develop a technology for the production of a powdered food additive by using wild-growing raw materials of regional importance by osmotic dehydration. The use of osmotic dehydration preserves their biological value and organoleptic properties. The technology of osmotic dehydration processing of berries developed in this work allows the use of gentle drying modes, which contributes to the maximum preservation of their biological value. The presence of biologically active substances in sea buckthorn improves the chemical composition of food products. Standard organoleptic and microbiological methods of research were used. The article presents a technological scheme for the production of a powdered food additive based on sea buckthorn fruit. The physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of the finished product, the content of vitamins C and E were investigated. Given that wild berries were used for the study, the powders were tested for the presence of microorganisms (bacteria of the E. coli group (coliforms), the number of mesophilic aerobic and optional anaerobic microorganisms, yeast and molds) and toxic elements. All indicators are within the permissible limits. Thus, sea buckthorn fruit is a safe raw material. The microbiological parameters during long-term storage for 12 months were determined.

Clinical scale for assessing the risks of complications in pediatric cardiac surgery patients

Mortality-based comorbidity indices worldwide have had mixed success in adjusting for risk in children. Despite numerous attempts to predict perioperative mortality and complications after cardiac surgery in adults, an objective model for predicting risks in children has not been developed. The purpose of the study: to analyze the frequency and structure of comorbidities and conditions in children with cardiac surgical pathology in order to assess the perioperative risks of complications and implement their own prognostic risk scale. 
 Materials and methods. A comprehensive analysis of five hundred cardiac surgery patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiac Surgery for the period of 2017–2023 was carried out, and there was studied the autopsy material of 350 patients with congenital heart defects according to the pathoanatomical bureau. Patients underwent standard research methods: echocardiography, chest X-ray, neurosonography and abdominal ultrasound, clinical and laboratory studies, blood for IUI, for procalcitonin, immunogram, angiocardiography, CT and MRI according to indications, bacteriological studies of smears, plain radiography of the abdominal cavity in the standard positions, trepanobiopsy, and genetic studies according to indications. 
 Results. A classification of common comorbidities in pediatric cardiac surgery patients is presented and a stratification scale of comorbidity is developed. A high incidence of comorbidity in cardiac surgery patients (70%) and its impact on preoperative and postoperative management, timing of surgery and the development of complications, and financial risks are shown. It is shown that, along with the Aristotle cardiac surgical scale, the surgical risk assessment based on comorbidity developed by us improves the awareness of patients’ parents about the prognosis and risks of heart and vascular surgery. 
 Conclusion. Evaluation of the role of the coexistence of extracardiac congenital malformations, genetic anomalies and syndromes, metabolic diseases in cardiac surgical patients can significantly affect surgical and therapeutic strategies and outcomes. Early identification of children at high risk of complications and death through the use of different stratification scales can lead to improved treatment outcomes.

How to evaluate small-scale interventions in deprived neighborhoods?

Abstract Background In deprived neighborhoods there is not only an accumulation of public health problems, but also an accumulation of small-scale interventions to address these problems. For evidence based public health policy it is important to know which interventions are most effective. However, many small-scale interventions are not well evaluated because standard research methods are not sufficient to provide information about the vulnerable target group. Therefore in the IGLO Utrecht study we developed an evaluation method for small scale interventions in the living environment of deprived neighborhoods. Methods Principles from the quadruple helix approach were combined with core components of a methodology for reaching a hard to reach population. This was applied in three studies in a deprived neighborhood in Utrecht: health evaluation of the renovation of a social housing flat, a study about redevelopment in the neighborhood and a study about health-related reasons to visit nature. The intervention and the geographical area of the expected effect on residents health were discussed with professionals. Details about the personal approach, choice of words in the announcement letter and questionnaire were developed in collaboration with an advisory group of residents. Results Linking the study to the intervention in the neighorhood was helpful in making contact with residents. The response rate of the questionnaire was 49% (86/174) with reach out by telephone, 34% (140/414) with a combination of telephone and door-to-door and 31% (64/209) with a reach out door-to-door. Participants were representative for the neighborhood regarding migration background and education level. Field notes about the informal contact provided additional information to the questionnaires. Conclusions Close collaboration with professionals and residents contributes to a high response in the health evaluation of small-scale interventions. The personal approach is very time-consuming. Key messages • Close collaboration with professionals and residents contributes to a targeted approach and higher response in the health evaluation of small scale interventions in deprived neighborhoods. • A thorough evaluation of small-scale interventions in deprived neighborhoods is possible, when enough time, budget and capacity can be made available.

Comprehensive evaluation of introduced cherry varieties cultivated in the submontane province of Dagestan

The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 with sour cherry varieties cultivated in the conditions of the mountainous province of Dagestan. The research objects were 13 introduced acidic cherry varieties of different ecological and geographical origins. Productivity and assessing the fruit quality parameters were studied using standard methods of variety research and biochemical analysis. It was determined that the varieties Shaten Morel, Heyman Konservn, Vladimirskaia, and Basler Adler are characterised by the highest content of soluble dry matter (14.66–16.21%) and sugars (10.15–11.30%) in the fruits. The varieties Krasa Severa, Basler Adler, Shaten Morel, and Liubskaia proved to be the most valuable in terms of the mass concentration of vitamin C (8.95–10.43 mg%). Liubskaia, Shaten Morel, and Padus Maaki had a higher acid content than the reference variety Podbelskaia (1.24%). Varieties Krasa Severa, Chudo-vishnia, Heyman Konservn, and Basler Adler exhibited large fruit sizes (4.8–6.9 g). The sensory evaluation of the fruits was high (within the range of 4.8–5.0 points on a five-point scale) for the varieties Chudo-vishnia, Heyman Konservn, and Basler Adler. These same varieties demonstrated consistently high yields (5.21–7.66 t/ha) over the years of the study. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the cherry assortment allowed the identification of varieties that are most promising for cultivation on an industrial scale in the territory of Dagestan and use in breeding – Chudo-vishnia, Heyman Konservn, Basler Adler, Krasa Severa, and Shaten Morel.

Исследование влияния факоэмульсификации возрастной катаракты на слезопродукцию и морфометрические параметры роговицы

Purpose. To study the effect of phacoemulsification (PE) of age-related cataract (ARC) on tear production (TP) and morphometric parameters of the cornea. Material and methods. 120 patients (120 eyes) aged 62 to 83 years after ARC PE were examined. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the level of TP: 1st group – 60 patients with normal and slightly reduced TP, 2nd group – 60 patients with moderate and severe suppression of TP. In addition to standard research methods, all patients underwent the Schirmer-1 test, OCT-scanning of the cornea, also tear break-up time (TBUT), endothelial cell density (ECD) (initially, the next day after surgery, then on the 10th, 20th and 30th days) were analyzed. Results. The indices of TBUT, corneal epithelium thickness (CEC), corneal stromal thickness (CST) and ECD in the eyes of patients of the second group were lower than in the eyes with normal TP. Conclusion. The analysis showed that in patients with a moderate and severe decrease in TP, postoperative changes in CEC occur 4 times more often, and CST – 1.5 times more often than in eyes with normal TP. At the final stage of treatment, the recovery of CEC in the eyes of patients in the second group of the study was observed 2.6 times less than in the eyes of patients in the first group, which may indicate the possible presence of neurotrophic disorders in the cornea in patients with reduced TP. Keywords: age-related cataract, phacoemulsification, tear production, corneal epithelium thickness, corneal stroma thickness

Features of perception of color stimuli in achromatopsia

Introduction. Understanding the peculiarities of perception of color images by patients with achromatopsia helps to identify and differentiate this pathology from diseases with similar clinical symptoms in time. This is becoming increasingly relevant due to ongoing developments in the field of virus vector therapy using an adeno-associated virus carrying the CNGB3 and CNGA3 genes.Purpose: to investigate the features of perception of color images by patients with achromatopsia, using in addition to the generally accepted developed proprietary tests to quantify the brightness of perceived images.Materials and methods. Five school-age patients (12–17 years) with complete achromatopsia were observed. The control group included 36 schoolchildren aged from 10 to 17 (av. 13.4 ± 0.5) with a normal state of visual functions. The ophthalmological examination included standard research methods. In children with achromatopsia, OСT data and ERG indicators were taken into account. To study color vision in all children, the following methods were used: E.B. Rabkin’s polychromatic tables, Neitz Test, Farnsworth–Munsell Dichotomodus D-15 Test, a study of the field of vision for white and colored stimuli (on the perimeter of PNR-03). In addition, in children with achromatopsia, the perception of color stimuli with achromatic stimuli was compared using special proprietary images.Results. Comparison of the results of the study of color vision in patients with achromatopsia in different ways demonstrates the greatest probability of diagnostic errors when using polychromatic tables, which may be due to the ability of these patients to distinguish test figures in some tables based on brightness contrast, rather than contrast of color tones. Increased sensitivity of photoreceptors to short-wave (blue part of the spectrum) radiation and significantly reduced sensitivity to short-wave (red part of the spectrum) in patients with achromatopsia may cause the expansion of the boundaries of the field of view to green and blue stimuli (while the boundaries of the field of view to the blue stimulus almost reach the values for the white stimulus), as well as a significant narrowing to red stimuli compared with the indicators in the control group (p < 0.001). The developed own test images made it possible to quantify the brightness of chromatic stimuli perceived by patients with achromatopsia in comparison with the brightness of achromatic stimuli. The brightest (90–100%) for them was the blue stimulus and practically merged with the white background of the screen. The red stimulus was perceived to be the darkest (minimum brightness). Based on the data obtained, an approximate model of the perception of color images in achromatopsia was created. Conclusion. The obtained data complement the existing ideas about the peculiarities of perception of color images by patients with achromatopsia and can be used to develop new and improve existing methods of diagnosing this disease, as well as to create recommendations for the design of illustrative, educational and advertising material.

Analysis of the effectiveness of electoral technologies as mechanisms for regulating and manipulating electoral behaviour (using Ukraine and Kazakhstan as examples)

This study conducts a comparative analysis of Ukraine and the Republic of Kazakhstan, two post-Soviet states facing ongoing contradictions and challenges in mutual understanding. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, these states embarked on their own paths of national development, influenced by various political, economic, socio-cultural, and ethnic factors. This study examines the formation of political parties, the development of political and electoral culture, and the legal approaches to organizing the electoral process in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Additionally, it explores the manipulation of electoral behavior through a specific case study. The study employs standard political research methods such as comparative analysis, anthropological and structural-functional approaches, content analysis, and a systematic approach. The findings of this study serve as valuable information for experts involved in organizing electoral processes, researchers in comparative political science, and readers interested in the subject matter.

ART AND RIGOUR: CREATING METHODOLOGIES FOR ARTISTIC RESEARCH IN MUSIC

This paper focuses on the construction of a methodology for artistic researchers, in particular practising musicians. Artistic research is a steadily growing field, gaining increasing relevance in academic discourse and flourishing in universities and music academies. Due to its relatively recent history there is still a lack of standardized widespread research methods, and the advice to be creative and borrow from other disciplines, though reasonable, can be confusing for young researchers. The adaptation process can be problematic, with the need to mediate between the rigour of academic research and the openness and creativity of the artistic side. How can methods from different disciplines be adapted to the needs of artistic research, without hindering creative practice? In this paper I will present, in meta-research terms, the personal adaptation of three qualitative methods: autobiographical design, borrowed from human computer interaction; thematic analysis, borrowed from psychology; and autoethnography, borrowed from social sciences. These were used to design an accountable research process to investigate differences and similarities in the musical affordances of the 13-keyed period clarinet and the modern clarinet. The three methods intertwine to form a complete methodology that could be applied by other researchers investigating similar topics. Adapting methods proved to be a fruitful process, bearing in mind that the goal is not objectivity, unreachable in the arts, but accountability and organization.

Genetic aspects of predicting the results of treatment of patients with atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities

Relevance. The reasons for the unsatisfactory results of treatment of atherosclerotic diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities are associated not only with the limited possibilities of conservative and operative methods of treatment, but also with the lack of objective criteria that allow predicting the course of this pathology and the effectiveness of planned therapeutic measures. The purpose of the study. Improving the results of treatment of patients with atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities on the basis of predicting the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment, taking into account genetic polymorphism. Materials and methods. The results of treatment and specially conducted studies were analyzed in 226 patients with atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities aged 40 to 89 years. The median age was 66.7 years. There were 157 males (69.5%) and 69 females (30.5%). Standard research methods were aimed at determining the biochemical status and assessing the state of arterial blood flow of patients. Genetic studies of 17 genes in the blood serum of patients were carried out using the polymerase chain reaction method. Results. It was revealed that the genes encoding elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (angiotensinogen genes AGT:704 and AGT:521, angiotensin II receptor AGTR1:1166 and AGTR2:1675, aldosterone synthetase CYP11B2) have clinical significance; genes regulating intracellular ion homeostasis (G protein beta-3 subunit GNB3, alpha-adductin ADD1:1378); genes determining the structure of endothelial NO synthase (NOS3:894 and NOS3:786); hemostasis genes (F5 Leiden factor, prothrombin F2, plasminogen activator inhibitor PAI-1, platelet receptor fibrinogen GPIIIA, fibrinogen FGB); cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 genes; genes of glycoprotein P MDR1. The dependence of gene polymorphism on the level of occlusion and the stage of the disease has been established. In order to determine the possibilities of predicting the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, a comparative assessment of the indicators of genetic testing was carried out, depending on the result of conservative therapy and surgical treatment. Conclusions. Genetic polymorphism determines the progression of obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities and is associated with the effectiveness of conservative and surgical therapeutic measures. The use of genetic testing using methods of multidimensional statistics makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of reconstructive operations in patients with chronic lower limb ischemia, taking into account not only clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, but also on the basis of changes in gene polymorphism.

Influence of a powder-forming additive on the physical-mechanical properties and structure of a ceramic material

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of various pore-forming additives on the porosity and permeability of alumina ceramic material. Analysis of mineralogical, particle size distribution and chemical composition of raw materials and ceramics samples was performed using standard research methods, JCM-6000 (JEOL) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) microscopes, LW600LT, x-ray diffractometer Rigaku D/max-RA, Hitachi SU-70 and Pore Master. The microstructure of the composite ceramic material in all experiments demonstrated the presence of numerous cross-sectionally elongated pores, which proves the dependence of the pore-forming structure on the shape of the pore-forming agent. The high permeability of samples with lignin is due to the improved plastic properties of the clays. By increasing the clay content from 5 to 10 wt.% it was possible to increase the sintering density of the samples and reduce their overall porosity. The permeability porosity increases with the introduction of more urea, and the strength of the samples is then at its maximum. Samples with the addition of lignin demonstrated resistance to mechanical stress and high permeability. The study identifies the prospects of using crystallised urea and lignin from manufacturing waste as a pore former, which will allow the establishment of environmentally friendly ceramic materials with high permeability and durability and solve the problem of atmospheric pollution.

Применение кормовой добавки на основе растительного жмыха и лактулозы в рационах кроликов на откорме

Purpose. Study the effectiveness of a new feed additive based on vegetable cake and lactulose introduced into the diet of young rabbits in order to increase productivity. Materials and Methods. During the research, the objects were rabbits of the Californian breed, which were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental), in each group of 15 heads, according to the principle of analogues, as well as a feed additive based on milk thistle cake and lactulose. Experimental studies on the determination of growth dynamics, determination of slaughter indicators, as well as biochemical and morphological indicators of blood were carried out in a complex analytical laboratory by using standardized research methods. Results. During the experiment, it was found that the introduction of "Lactu-Super" in the amount of 5% by weight of feed contributed to an increase in the concentration of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin, which corresponded to a higher level of metabolism, as well as the pre-slaughter weight of animals by 3.7% and slaughter weight, slaughter yield of 141.6 g and 2.0% relative to the control group that did not receive the supplement. Conclusion. The results of scientific and economic experience have demonstrated the effectiveness of using a new feed additive based on vegetable cake and lactulose for fattening hybrid rabbits under intensive technology from the age of 45 days.

Contemporary portrait of the working lives of ambulance services staff in Wales

Background: Ambulance services staff are under more pressure than ever. Inadequate numbers face unmanageable workloads. For the first time in more than three decades, these employees in England and Wales have taken industrial action over wages and working conditions. Aims: This study aimed to understand the wellbeing and working environment of ambulance services staff in Wales. Methods: An online survey of 594 ambulance services staff was carried out. Data were analysed using standard quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings: Key factors impacting wellbeing include work intensification, burnout and a lack of trust in management, which were increasing intentions to leave the profession. Conclusion: Ambulance services in Wales are reaching a critical tipping point. If the issues raised in this study are not addressed, the outcome will most likely be an accelerating departure from the profession of highly skilled people who are expensive and difficult to replace.

Effectiveness of group therapy of calves for nonspecific bronchopneumonia by aerosol method

Nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves causes significant economic damage to farms, and therefore, it is important to develop effective therapeutic drugs, especially for group use. Aerosolbased medicines deserve attention. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the group aerosol method of administering the drug “Calfmin” to calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia. Analogue calves of two to three months of age, both clinically healthy and patients with nonspecific bronchopneumonia, were involved in the experiment. Standard clinical and haematological research methods were used to determine the diagnosis and monitor the functional state of the calves’ bodies. It was found that in the blood of calves with nonspecific bronchopneumonia, an increase in the number of white blood cells was observed by 1.3 times (P<0.05) compared to clinically healthy animals. Their blood also showed an increase in the number of stab and segmented neutrophils by 2.0 times (P<0.05) and 1.6 times (P<0.01), respectively, and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes by 1.3 times (P<0.001) and eosinophils by 1.4 times (P<0.001), respectively. In sick calves, there was a 1.2-fold decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood (P<0.001) and a 1.2-fold decrease in the haemoglobin content (P<0.001) compared to the control. An improvement in the clinical condition and haematological parameters in sick animals was recorded within 3-5 days, a reduction in the duration of therapy by 1.9-2.0 times, and 100% preservation of all sick calves

ZnO nanorods on conductive substrates. Technology and features

For obtaining ZnO nanorods (NRs) on the surface of highly conductive brass substrates, the technology of surface oxidation in argon plasma ion flows was developed that allows the formation of NRs by high-frequency helicon discharge at temperatures T ≤ 550 °C. A physical mechanism for the formation of ZnO NRs on the brass substrate is considered. The morphological, structural and physical properties of the NR samples were investigated using standard methods of research: scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman scattering, photoluminescence and optical reflectance spectra. The features of the ZnO NRs’ optical reflectance properties in terms of the location of the Restrahlen band are discussed. The quality of such nanorods is confirmed by fine details in photoluminescence and Raman shift data.

Surgical Treatment of Primary Penetrating Macular Retinal Tears Using an “Effective” Fragment of the Internal Limiting Membrane

The purpose: to develop a technology for the surgical treatment of macular retinal tears using an “effective” fragment of the ILM with an optimal shape, size, and localization, and evaluate its anatomical and functional efficiency.Methods. There were 10 patients (8 women, 2 men) with primary through macular holes of large diameter (more than 400 microns) under observation. The age were from 55 to 64 years old. The duration of macular tear existence ranged from 4 to 11 months. Patients underwent standard research methods, SOCT and microperimetry. To retain the point of visual fixation and eliminate the risk of retinal trauma, all patients underwent surgical treatment of macular tear using the developed method for the surgical treatment of macular retinal tears using an “effective” ILM fragment of the required shape, size and localization. Before the operation, individual parameters for each patient and zones of localization of the “effective” ILM fragment were calculated, which consisted of two parts: the upper inverted fragment and the intact foveolar fragment of the inner limiting membrane. The follow-up period was 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year after the operation.Results. Surgical treatment of MR in all patients was carried out completely without complications. In all cases, it was possible to preserve the zone of the foveolar intact fragment of the ILM and form the upper inverted fragment of the ILM, which directly covers the macular hole. Improvement of the anatomical state of the retina in the foveal area was achieved according to SOCT data. After 1 month, all patients had a “defect” (hyporeflective area) in the ellipsoid zone of photoreceptors with a width of 112 to 357 μm. The outer boundary membrane was clearly visible and had a linear profile. A complete resorption of edema along the edges of the tear happened. An intact foveolar fragment of the ILM was visualized on the surface of the retina, blocking the macular hole. After 3 months, in 3 patients, the defect of the outer layers of the retina completely disappeared. After 3, 6 and 12 months, the state of the retina of these patients was unchanged. All patients showed improvement in functional outcomes after surgical treatment. There was an increase in BCVA at all terms.Conclusion. The developed technology of surgical treatment using an “effective” ILM fragment is modern and safe in the treatment of penetrating primary macular retinal tears, and reduces the risk of intra- and postoperative complications.

Безалкогольные напитки из пророщенной гречихи: технологические аспекты и пищевая ценность

Plant-based soft drinks are a relatively new product category. Germinated, or sprouted, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) can be used as a raw material in functional beverages. It has a good potential for expanding the range of this category. The research objective was to study the effect of formulation on the production technology and nutritional value of non-alcoholic beverages from germinated buckwheat.
 The study featured water-grain and water-fruit-grain mixes, as well as model samples of buckwheat drinks fortified with various fruit components, e.g., sea buckthorn, black currant, apple, etc. Standard research methods were supported by high performance liquid chromatography and atomic emission spectrometry.
 Buckwheat was soaked in water at 20 ± 2°C for 46 h. This germination method resulted in a high level of microbial contamination. To ensure food safety, the water-grain suspension was brought up to 65°C for 3 min. The fruit components increased the viscosity of the dispersion medium, as well as the settling time of solid particles. The mix had to be homogenized in order to reduce the particle size and destroy the colloidal system after heating (98 ± 2°C, 1 min). The final product had a harmonious taste and contained sugars (6.72–8.04 g/100 cm3), organic acids (338.91–446.93 mg/100 cm3), minerals (0.07–0.08%), and amino acids (leucine, lysine, cystine, and tyrosine).
 Buckwheat homogenization preserved the beneficial substances in the raw material. The samples fortified with sea buckthorn or blackcurrant puree had the best sensory profile and nutritional value.

Сравнение типичных свойств напитков с различным содержанием этанола

Non-alcoholic beer and wine are in great demand. Some of them contain carbon dioxide. Dealcoholization makes it possible to obtain high-quality drinks, but changes in flavor and taste are unavoidable. This article introduces a comparative analysis of the typical properties of beer and sparkling wine with different levels of alcohol.
 The research featured industrial samples of beer and sparkling wine with different volume fractions of ethyl alcohol. The comparative analysis relied on standard research methods and included sensory evaluation, acidity, sparkling properties in terms of carbon dioxide desorption rate, carbon dioxide content, foamy properties, viscosity, phenolic substances, beer proteins, and optical characteristics. 
 Alcoholic beer had a better taste and possessed a typical beer flavor. The flavor and taste profile of sparkling wines depended on the raw material. The sparkling coefficient of non-alcoholic beer was 1.2–7.5% higher than that of alcoholic beer because drinks with less ethanol have better carbon dioxide solubility. For alcoholic sparkling wine, the sparkling coefficient was higher by 19.7% than for its non-alcoholic analogue due to bound forms of carbon dioxide. The foaming properties of alcoholic drinks were better than those of the non-alcoholic samples due to the higher protein content. The yellowness and optical density of drinks at a wavelength of 350 nm depended on the amount of phenolic substances. The color index of beer depended on the content of melanoidins.
 The modern dealcoholization technologies make it possible to produce non-alcoholic beverages with the same sensory properties as their alcoholic prototypes. However, these technologies can be improved in terms of bound carbon dioxide, proteins, phenolic substances, and flavor.

Исследование процесса выпаривания для получения концентратов из растительного сырья

Low-pressure vacuum evaporation is an effective way to obtain dry concentrates. However, some factors may affect its efficiency and speed. This article introduces the effect of technological factors on the evaporation process in a rotary evaporator. The research objective was to select the optimal mode to obtain concentrates and extracts from plant materials.
 The experimental studies involved standard research methods and a BUCHI Rotavapor laboratory rotary evaporator (BUCHI, Switzerland). The research featured a water-alcohol extract of wild blueberries and an enzymatic hydrolysate of grain sorghum (durra), obtained by biotechnological treatment with amylolytic enzyme preparations. 
 The optimal evaporation mode included the following values: the volume of the evaporation flask was 1 L; the wall thickness of the flask was 1.8 mm; the angle of inclination was 25°; the rotation speed was 280 rpm; the temperature heating bath was 50–60°C; the steam temperature in the evaporator was 30–40°C. For condensation, the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser was 10–20°C. The experiment yielded a concentrate of blue-violet blueberries with 70–72% solids. The content of polyphenolic compounds was 1.86 times as high as in the original water-alcohol extract while that of anthocyanins was 1.4 times as high. The enzymatic hydrolysate of grain sorghum yielded a condensed sugar syrup with 78–80% solids and 91–92% reducing sugars in terms of glucose equivalent.
 The research provided optimal modes of evaporation for extracts and enzymatic hydrolysates from plant raw materials in a rotary evaporator. The plant concentrates had a high content of solids and maintained the sensory properties of the raw material.

Exploring the Path of Building A New Liberal Arts in Engineering Colleges: The Example of Management Discipline in Guilin University of Electronic and Technology

In recent years, the Chinese economic management community has gradually completed international convergence, and a large number of Chinese scholars have rapidly learned and mastered Western standardized research methods. Capturing new problems and opportunities emerging from management changes through problem orientation, profoundly reflecting on the significance and value of local contexts for academic research, revealing the theoretical logic and practical laws of China's rapid economic development, and then incorporating and incorporating them to build an original It should be a major mission of the new liberal arts to create new theories and ideas in economic management, and to create new methods and paradigms with Chinese characteristics and world significance. Management, as an important part of the new liberal arts education system, bears a glorious mission and a great responsibility. The construction of management in the context of the new liberal arts seeks a new development orientation based on the attributes of the discipline, anchored in the vision of the discipline's goals and upholding the concept of integration, and its goal is to realize the autonomy of the discipline's knowledge system, the scientific operation of practice and the internationalization of the discipline's influence. In the new era and new journey, management science needs to cultivate cohesion and consolidate the foundation of the discipline, forge pioneering power and carry out the mission of the discipline, and stimulate innovation to realize the value of the discipline. However, the current process of building new liberal arts ignores the influential factors of the external environment, such as the influence of the type of school. Starting from the characteristics of engineering institutions, this topic explores the path of building new liberal arts in engineering institutions, providing new ideas for comprehensively promoting interdisciplinary crossover, integration and development.

The Relationship of Disorders in the Hemostasis System with Changes in Homeostasis in Conditions of Progressive Inflammation

The urgency of the problem of acute peritonitis in surgical practice is due to the annual increase in morbidity, a high number of complications, therapeutic complexity and mortality. Materials and methods. The material of the study was 45 patients with acute peritonitis, who were divided into 3 groups depending on the course of pathology after surgery. The first group (n=15) – without complications, the second (n=15) – with wound complications, the third (n=15) – with tertiary peritonitis and sepsis. In addition to standard research methods, a number of laboratory tests are included to determine the severity of intoxication, oxidative activity, the state of the blood coagulation system, and the functional state of the liver. The study period is the 1st, 5th, 10th postoperative day. Results. The results showed that in the early period after surgery in patients with acute peritonitis, the state of hypercoagulemia, inhibition of fibrinolysis correlate with lipid peroxidation, endogenous intoxication, and violation of the functional status of the liver. With effective therapy, during the early postoperative period, the state of the hemostasis system and homeostasis indicators are corrected against the background of restoration of the functional status of the liver. With the aggravation of the phenomena of inflammation in the early postoperative period and the development of complications, there is a progression of changes in the studied indicators of homeostasis and hemostasis with further inhibition of the functional state of the liver. With the development of tertiary peritonitis and sepsis, the hemostasis system is modified in the form of hypocoagulemia and activation of fibrinolysis against the background of a sharp increase in endogenous intoxication, lipid peroxidation and greater inhibition of the functional status of the liver, including from its hemostasis-regulating component. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the presence of a reliable correlation of disorders in the hemostasis system with changes in homeostasis in conditions of progressive inflammation.