Standard Research Methods Research Articles

Сравнительный анализ способов лечения хронической ишемической ретинопатии, ассоциированной с гемодинамически значимым стенозом внутренней сонной артерии

Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of methods for the treatment of chronic ischemic retinopathy associated with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Material and methods. 40 patients were included in the research (25 men, 15 women) with grade 3 chronic ischemic retinopathy (CIR) aged 61 to 75 years (average 73 ± 6.2). Depending on the treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group 20 people who received combined treatment. The 1st stage was laser coagulation of retinal nonperfusion zones. Then, after 2 weeks, during the 2nd stage carotid endarterectomy (CE) of the ICA was performed. The 2nd group 20 people who underwent CE ICA. In addition to standard research methods, Doppler ultrasound was performed (Logiqe, General Electric, USA). Results. The use of a staged approach to the treatment of severe CIR led to an improvement in functional parameters and reduced the period of rehabilitation of patients after the treatment by 2 times. Conclusion. The technology of staged treatment of CIR proposed by us makes it possible to stop the progression of retinal ischemia, to avoid the occurrence of complications that lead to loss of vision. Keywords: chronic ischemic retinopathy, panretinal laser coagulation of the retina, ocular ischemic syndrome, internal carotid artery

Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are amongst major clinical and public health challenges in South Asia that influence the progression of chronic health problems in this population. Despite a growing body of research on these problems, there is a lack synthesized evidence on the burden of anemia among people with DM in this region. This meta-analytic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among people with DM in South Asia. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in five primary databases and additional sources up to July 29, 2022, that reported the prevalence of anemia among DM patients in any of the eight South Asian countries. Observational studies that met pre-determined eligibility criteria according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348433) were included in this meta-analysis. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence. Of the 40 eligible studies, 38 underwent meta-analysis representing 14,194 participants with DM. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 45% (95% CI: 37.0-54.0, I2 = 99.28%, p = 0.00) among diabetic people in South Asia. In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence of anemia was higher in females (48%, 95% CI: 37.0-60.0, I2 = 98.86%, p = 0.00) compared to males (39%, 95% CI: 29.0-48.0, I2 = 98.18%, p = 0.00). Diabetic patients with older age (≥ 50 years) reported higher pooled estimates of anemia (48%, 95% CI: 38.0-58.0, I2 = 99.07%) than younger age group (< 50 years) (34%, 95% CI: 21.0-47.0, I2 = 98.83%). In addition, we found variation in pooled prevalence estimates of anemia considering the type of DM, such as type 1 reported 2% (95% CI: 0.00-4.00), type-2 reported 48% (95% CI: 40.0-56.0, I2 = 98.94%), and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reported 6% (95% CI: 3.00-12.0). High pooled estimates of anemia among diabetic patients in South Asia, including publication bias, warrants further clinical and public health research following standard research methods to understand the more context-specific epidemiological insights and evidence.

Prospective Plant Raw Materials for New Fermented Beverages

Topicality. The relevance of this research grounds on the fact that fermented drinks are gaining huge popularity nowadays due to their competitive advantages, including improving the immune system and gut health. Expanding the assortment of plant raw materials in the composition of fermented drinks will allow to create a whole range of new health products that will interest the consumer. The aim of the article. The aim of this study is a selection of promising raw materials for the production of fermented beverages and getting the methods of their processing. Research methods. Standard organoleptic, physico-chemical and chromatographic research methods were used in this article. Results. The conducted studies established that the highest content of volatile substances among the researched plants is lemon verbena (1074.5 mg per 100 g of dry matter), varieties and hybrids of mint with a “dessert” aroma (chocolate – 987.0, orange – 982.7 and strawberry – 975.2 mg per 100 g of dry matter), as well as Tibetan Lofant (834.8 mg per 100 g of dry weight). This provides them with a high potential for use in the production of fermented beverages. Other studied plants also have the prospect of being used in the production of drinks with a specific taste or aroma due to their pleasant scent and high content of volatile substances (782.8 – 934.4 mg per 100 g of dry matter). A decrease in the oxidative and restorative potential indicator of selected plants extracts, compared to water, indicates the presence of substances with antioxidant activity. The high potential of such an activity was found in spicy-aromatic plants: wild strawberry leaves, Chinese lemongrass, hazel, Bacopa Monier, chokeberry and common horsetail. Conclusions and discussion. It was proven that the most promising method of obtaining the basis for fermented drinks is an extraction, while hydrolats and distillates should be used as natural flavoring agents and disinfectants. The results of this study can serve as a ground for the production technologies development of new fermented beverages.

Implementation of the Legality Principle in the Criminal Justice System of Indonesia

Purpose:The legality principle, a fundamental concept in Indonesian criminal law, underpins the legal framework for societal order. Originating from historical roots, it ensures justice, human rights protection, and transparent law enforcement. Article 1 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code solidifies its significance in Indonesian positive law. By examining the historical evolution, implications, and challenges of the legality principle, this article aims to deepen the comprehension of its impact on Indonesian criminal law. The ultimate goal is to contribute to a just and effective judicial system.Methodology:This study employs standard research methods, including a legal literature review and analysis of court decisions, to explore the application of the legality principle in the Indonesian criminal justice system.Findings:The principle enshrined in Article 1 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code emphasizes that punishment must align with pre-existing laws. It prohibits retroactive application and analogy use and ensures adherence to formal legal principles. In the Indonesian context, the legality principle is crucial for protecting citizens' rights, maintaining justice, and upholding societal values. Its application intersects with legal concepts like "nulla crimen sine lege," highlighting its significance in shaping the nation's legal landscape.Implication:The study highlights key findings on legal principles in the Indonesian criminal system, emphasizing the centrality of the legality principle, a formalistic approach, and ongoing efforts to integrate material aspects. Challenges include incorporating customary law and potential conflicts between legal systems.

Treatment of pets with the active substance dexpanthenol in wound processes

Animal skin is a complex organ that directly perceives the influence of the external environment and performs a barrier-protective function, helps maintain the balance of the internal environment of the body. Disruption of each of the levels of the protective system leads to the development of inflammatory skin diseases. Treatment of wounds remains one of the most pressing scientific and practical problems of modern veterinary medicine. A number of researchers are searching for and developing new veterinary drugs for the treatment of wounds of various etiologies in small pets, but the use of drugs often causes adverse skin reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a veterinary drug (ointment) in the treatment of wounds in domestic animals (dogs, cats, rabbits). The paper uses standard clinical, haematological, and biochemical research methods. The studies used a drug with the active substance dexpanthenol and excipients decamethoxine, Vaseline oil, emulsifier, glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, and purified water. The drug under study effectively reduced the wound surface area at all observation periods. It is proved that when using dexpanthenol-based ointment (10%), a complete wound-healing effect was observed in experimental animals on the 14th day of treatment: the area of wound surfaces decreased by 93.1±1.51%. The examined indicators were statistically substantially different from those in the group of untreated animals with skin wounds. The general clinical condition of domestic animals was examined, haematological and biochemical studies of animal blood were conducted under the conditions of applying an experimental drug to damaged skin areas. In animals with skin damage without treatment, the dynamic development of an acute inflammatory process in the body, the development of endogenous intoxication syndrome, signs of wound infection, pronounced exudation and slowing of contraction were observed. The developed veterinary drug with the active substance dexpanthenol simultaneously shows a pronounced antiinflammatory and wound-healing effect and provides a rapid therapeutic effect in wound processes in small pets

Репродуктологические аспекты проблемы консервативного хирургического лечения эндометриоидных кист яичников

The aim is to clarify the timing of recurrence of endometriomas removed and the dependence of the ovarian reserve status on the number of ovarian resections performed, as well as to assess the awareness of patients about the impact of surgical treatment of endometrioid ovarian cysts (EOC) on reproductive function and therapeutic effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology. Material and methods. In 93 infertile patients with EOC and values of anti-muller hormone (AMH) &lt; 1.2 ng/ml, the dependence of the degree of reduction of this hormone on the number of operations performed with relapses of endometrioma was analyzed. Using standard research methods in the same patients, the prevalence of infertility factors identified in the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision was studied in parallel, and women's awareness of the impact of surgical treatment of EOC on reproductive potential was clarified. Results. Other forms of endometriosis were found in 71% of women with EOC, and the observed infertility, which necessitated the appointment of IVF, was mainly associated with confirmed male and tubal factors. Among the patients operated on for EOC with a reduced level of AMH, the majority underwent repeated ovarian resections due to relapses of endometriomas that occurred within two and a half years after their removal. The degree of decrease in the level of AMH was directly dependent on the number of operations performed. During surgical treatment of EOC, only 7.5% of patients received relevant information about their frequent recurrence and possible consequences for the reproductive function of ovarian resection performed (especially multiple). Conclusions. Frequent recurrence of EOC, which forces repeated resections of the ovaries, is an obvious factor that, due to the reduction of the ovarian reserve, prevents the successful use of IVF technology with its own oocytes in situations where this method of infertility treatment is in demand. When planning the removal of EOC in women of reproductive age, surgeons should necessarily refer patients to reproductologists for advice on issues related to the implementation of reproductive plans both in the near and long term

Forced Marriage in the Perspective of Indonesian Marriage Law (Case Study of Forced Marriage in Indonesia)

Living in groups in a group is called society, then by human nature which is created by classifying male and female gender, one will attract each other and unite themselves in marriage bonds, law is needed to regulate marriage to create order in society. Visible law in the form of laws, jurisprudence, customs, practices, certificates, and treaties. Indonesia, which has several religions and ethnic groups, is sure to find out about the rules that must be followed to create a family. All the differences in marriage methods, whether according to customs, religion or conventions, produce a uniform in social life, cultural aspects that accompany marriage in each region. in addition to all the religions that the people of Indonesia accept, based on this background, then it is the creation of the problem that can be drawn as the bleeding tradition in different regions in Indonesia according to Law No. 1 of 1974. This paper uses standard legal research methods. The results of the discussion is that it can be concluded that forced marriage has fulfilled the pillars of Islam according to what the couple who are partners in forced marriage adhere to. However, when looking at forced marriage from the point of view of the Marriage Law, some of the principles in the Marriage Law have been violated by the perpetrators of forced marriage, a man and a woman who are going to into marriage to be in their minds. and mature physically, in the sense that those who are about to be married have thought carefully about going to the stage of marriage of their own free will without any coercion. Keywords: Forced Marriage, Marriage, Islam, Indonesia. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/131-09 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Конверсия пшеничных отрубей в целевые продукты биосинтеза

A more efficient bioconversion of renewable plant resources is a priority in modern biotechnology. An important aspect of the processing and pretreatment of cellulose raw materials is to obtain a high content of reducing substances in the final product. The present research objective was to determine the optimal conditions for the chemical transformation of plant polymers to obtain biologically valuable substances. The research results will reduce the final cost of biotechnological production.&#x0D; This research featured wheat bran polymers treated with sulfuric acid and relied on a set of standard research methods. The degree of polymer conversion was tested on native and mechanically activated wheat bran fractions of 600, 200, and 100 microns. The kinetics of the high-temperature chemical hydrolysis was as follows: temperature – 120–130°C, sulfuric acid concentration – 0.6–0.9%, treatment time – 30–60 min, hydromodule – 1:8;9;10. The quantitative and qualitative composition of mono- and disaccharides of hydrolysates was determined using the high performance liquid chromatography method. &#x0D; The composition of wheat bran showed a low content of lignin (7.55%) and a high content of pentosans (17.9%). The highest content of reducing substances in hydrolysates was 640 mg/g bran. The optimal technological conditions with the highest content of reducing substances were as follows: hydromodulus – 1:10, temperature – 120°C, treatment time – 45 min, and sulfuric acid concentration – 0.9%. The greatest change in the content of mono- and disaccharides of hydrolysates belonged to pentoses: 78.2 mg/g of bran (in terms of xylose). The amount of easily hydrolysable carbohydrates and wheat bran fiber decreased by 80 and 19%, respectively.&#x0D; This research revealed the optimal parameters for the chemical hydrolysis of wheat bran to obtain biologically valuable carbohydrates. This area of research can be of practical use for producers of biofuels, chemicals, and food additives.

Влияние микроволнового излучения на химический состав нута

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is rich in protein and has a balanced amino acid profile. However, its characteristic bean flavor limits its use as a functional food ingredient. Microwave treatment may help to solve this problem. The research objective was to select the optimal parameters of microwave treatment to obtain chickpea samples with no bean flavor and to study their chemical composition.&#x0D; The study featured chickpeas of the Volzhanin variety. The experimental samples were processed in a microwave oven with a magnetron frequency of 2450 MHz at different power and time values. The protein tests, the analysis of amino acid profile, and the sensory assessment involved standard research methods.&#x0D; The microwave processing loosened the consistency of chickpeas and eliminated the bean flavor after 5–6 min at 200 W or 3 min at 400 W. A longer treatment time resulted in a peanut flavor followed by bitterness. The microwave treatment reduced the mass fraction of protein and the amount of essential amino acids. This process could be slowed down by increasing the power of microwave radiation and reducing the processing time. However, the intensification had a negative effect on the content of arginine, methionine, and tyrosine in chickpea protein.&#x0D; The results obtained can make it possible to use chickpeas as a functional food ingredient.

Integrating GRASS GIS and Jupyter Notebooks to facilitate advanced geospatial modeling education

AbstractOpen education materials are critical for the advancement of open science and the development of open‐source software. These accessible and transparent materials provide an important pathway for sharing both standard geospatial analysis workflows and advanced research methods. Computational notebooks allow users to share live code with in‐line visualizations and narrative text, making them a powerful interactive teaching tool for geospatial analytics. Specifically, Jupyter Notebooks are quickly becoming a standard format in open education. In this article, we introduce a new GRASS GIS package, grass.jupyter, that enhances the existing GRASS Python API to allow Jupyter Notebook users to easily manage and visualize GRASS data including spatiotemporal datasets. While there are many Python‐based geospatial libraries available for use in Jupyter Notebooks, GRASS GIS has extensive geospatial functionality including support for multi‐temporal analysis and dynamic simulations, making it a powerful teaching tool for advanced geospatial analytics. We discuss the development of grass.jupyter and demonstrate how the package facilitates teaching open‐source geospatial modeling with a collection of Jupyter Notebooks designed for a graduate‐level geospatial modeling course. The open education notebooks feature spatiotemporal data visualizations, hydrologic modeling, and spread simulations such as the spread of invasive species and urban growth.

ABOUT NON-TRADITIONAL FEED ADDITIVES INFLUENCE ON SAFETY OF THE YAKUT BREED HORSES LIVE WEIGHT

Horse breeding is one of the rapidly developing branches of animal husbandry in Yakutia. Horses of the Yakut breed are only type of farm animals that are kept year-round in harsh conditions of the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. In winter, animals experience a significant lack of nutrients and minerals. This is due to fact that basic diet consists of natural feed winter pasture and hay. Therefore, the goal was to study the effect of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials on the change in live weight and biochemical composition of the blood of animals. This study used standard animal research methods. The use of non-traditional feed additives in feeding of horses contributed to an increase in the supply of nutrients and minerals to the rations. Improving feeding conditions affected the live weight of horses (live weight loss was 5.75 % и 5.45 %). The change caused by inclusion of non-traditional feed additives in the diets of horses had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood animals. In horses from the experimental groups, an increase was found in the blood in total protein by 0.50 % and 0.30 %, albumin by 0.36 and 0.20 %, globulin by 0.13 and 0.10 %, hemoglobin by 2.91 and 1.33 %, calcium by 3.56 and 1.29%, phosphorus by 5.71 and 1.90 %. Thus, use of experimental non-traditional feed additives in feeding horses in winter contributes to the best preservation of live weight. This is due to the improvement of mineral and vitamin nutrition in a difficult period of deficiency of macro- and microelements, vitamins in the diets of horses. This improves metabolism, which is reflected in the morphological and biochemical composition of blood of horses.

Prevention of degradation processes of soils irrigated with mineralized water through plastering

The long-term irrigation of extensive areas in the steppe zone of Ukraine using low-quality and mineralized water has caused degradation processes associated with soil salinization. To mitigate or alleviate these processes, researchers investigated the potential of chemical reclamation through the application of phosphogypsum. The study took place in the northern Steppe of Ukraine near the village of Oleksandrivka, Dnipro district, Dnipropetrovsk region. Over many years, field experiments were conducted, introducing phosphogypsum as a chemical meliorant. The experimental design included the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 1.4, 3.0, and 6.0 t/ha during different periods of the year. Standardized research methods were used for sampling, laboratory analysis, and processing of the results. The research identified a high salt content (0.35-0.48%) in the arable soil layer, signs of salinization (exchangeable sodium content of 3.64%), and unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the research areas. The application of phosphogypsum led to an increase in sulfate anions, as observed in the soil's sulfate chemistry, while the control areas exhibited a soda-sulfate type of salinity. The pH level of the water extract remained within neutral values throughout the years of the study. Positive changes were observed regarding the degree of soil salinity. Specifically, the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 3 and 6 t/ha in irrigated areas resulted in a change from moderate to slightly saline salinity levels. The research also demonstrated a positive effect on the sodium-adsorption ratio, particularly when phosphogypsum was applied during irrigation in the third year. The sodium-adsorption ratio decreased by 69% compared to the control options, indicating a better ameliorative effect of phosphogypsum during irrigation. Under the conditions of using water of class II quality for irrigation, the optimal application of phosphogypsum was found to be at doses of 3 t/ha for spring cultivation and 6 t/ha for the main cultivation in autumn. These application rates effectively reduced the degree of soil salinity and improved the ecological and meliorational conditions of the irrigated area

Standard ecological and molecular research methods and techniques for Labyrinthula spp.

Labyrinthula are unicellular protists occupying diverse spatial and functional niches, including various roles in host and ecological function, fatty acid production, pandemic marine disease and saprobic decomposition. Labyrinthula species span tropical and temperate climates and have been isolated from each marine coastal ecosystem tested. Our understanding of primary cellular and molecular functions of Labyrinthula has substantially progressed through a combination of increased global investments, research interest and technological advances. Recent advances in molecular techniques provide a toolkit for advancing ecological questions in marine infectious disease in seagrass meadows around the world. Here we provide a comprehensive review of relevant ecological and molecular techniques used in long-term research and the progression of Labyrinthula scholarship. Our aims in preparing this review are to: 1) share, compare and advance global Labyrinthula protocols, 2) increase accessibility to robust methodology to encourage the uptake of Labyrinthula-based questions into marine studies of molecular and ecological qualities of Labyrinthula and 3) encourage uptake of robust Labyrinthula-based questions into coastal marine studies, while also encouraging international collaborative networks across multiple fields. Lastly, we discuss gaps in the over 100 years of Labyrinthula research and opportunities for expanding research on this model marine organism.

New challenges for the sustainable development of the rare-earth metals sector in Russia: Transforming industrial policies

Rare-earth metals (REMs) have become an integral part of modern economics and technological advances. The current climate agenda and sustainable development trends have made the global community focus on these valuable and critical materials. Today, they are strategically important for green technologies, modern electronics, the aerospace industry, the military-industrial complex, and so forth. The increasing demand for these metals provides great opportunities for new competitors in the international market. REMs are controversial: while they contribute to the achievement of global goals regarding sustainable development and climate change resilience, their mining and extraction can cause disastrous consequences for the natural environment. Thus, a balance should be found in the process of their production. Russia has considerable REM reserves that can turn the country into a truly global supplier, which makes the issues of the industry's transformation particularly relevant and important. However, despite the government's ambitious targets and priorities concerning this sector, new deposits are not being exploited, and the country is not self-sufficient throughout the production chain as the level of import dependence reaches 80–90%. The goal of the study is to design an industrial policy for the sustainable development of Russia's REM industry. The study is based on the standard research methods of analysis, synthesis, and decomposition, also using strategic analysis, planning tools, and roadmapping techniques. The study analyzes Russia's REM industry along with its challenges, threats, and opportunities and proposes a novel vision of its long-term sustainable development based on four pillars, namely economics, R&D, ecology, and society. As a result, the key goals and principles of the industrial policy are formulated, and an industrial policy roadmap for the sustainable development of Russia's REM industry is suggested. The paper provides a taxonomy of REM projects to analyze government support measures and ensure the industry's sustainable growth and development.

Особенности проявления эрозии в пределах овражно-балочного водосбора

Purpose: to determine patterns of formation of hydrographic network elements depending on the melt-and rainwater runoff and soil losses. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the upper reaches of the Bolshoy Log gully system, which is a part of the land use of the experimental farm “Polevoy” of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center, with an area of 2070 hectares, of which more than 70 % is arable land. Soils are ordinary chernozems of varying degrees of erosion. The standard methods of research and the method of pins were used on runoff plots. Results. Within the catchment area, the amount of runoff and hydraulic indicators of water courses are greatly influenced by the agricultural background and the soil surface condition from which meltwater flows, and the intensity of erosion processes is influenced by the depth of soil freezing, the moisture content of topsoil, water storage in snow, snowmelt intensity. The water sprays are concentrated along the gullies, where the soil is washed out over time, and they pass into the category of hollows, then into ravines and gullies, forming a hydrographic network in the gully-ravine catchment area. The most intensive meltwater runoff was observed over the years: in 1988 – 33.8 mm, 2003 – 63.9 mm, 2006 – 24.6 mm, 2014 – 14.3 mm, 2017 – 19.3 mm, 2023 – 10–14 mm. In the variants with reclamation protective forest plantations and hydraulic structures, the runoff was 5–12 mm less than in the control and it retained in the forest belt. The mathematical data analysis made it possible to determine the relationship between the runoff rate and soil loss in the gully-ravine catchment, depending on the distance from the watershed. Conclusions. On the gully-ravine catchment, the sheet wash smoothly turns into a linear one and forms hollows and valleys. The final link of the catchment area are ravines and gullies. During the peak periods of meltwaters, the water flow velocity on flat sections of the slope is 0.33–0.46 m/s, and along the hollows – 0.57–0.83 m/s.

One Step Closer to Becoming a Teacher in the Shadow of the Pandemic: A Narrative Research

This study examines how prospective teachers experience school practice at a distance through the stories they tell. One of the standard qualitative research methods, narrative research was conducted in this study, and the purposive sampling method was used to determine the participants. At the first stage of this analysis, thematic analysis was used; then, a holistic story was created using the Analysis of Barkhuizen and the Analysis of Clandinin and Connelly, and the story titled "being a prospective teacher in the shadow of the pandemic" was produced. These findings reveal four consistent dimensions in the participants' narratives. These dimensions are as follows: Being a prospective teacher in the process of distance teacher education, school practice experience at a distance; Professional development, the challenges faced and coping with the challenges, the implications of school practice at a distance, and preparation for the teaching profession. As a conclusion, it is recommended in this study to conduct studies promoting teaching competencies of prospective teachers who completed their school practice entirely by distance education and to offer them the opportunity to gain practical experience in real learning environments before starting their profession.

Challenges of Sodium-glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors Use in a low Socioeconomic Setting

Background: Sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown efficacy in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant heart failure. Aim: To compare the short-term effectiveness between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. Methods: A single-center observational cohort study was implemented in a Dominican tertiary-care center, where patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction were divided into two groups and treated with different SGLT2 inhibitor molecules, empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. Two-step cluster analysis was conducted for the interim analysis of the study. Results: We enrolled a total of 60 patients, with a median age of 69. The majority of these were men (70%) and comprised 75.0% of the Dapagliflozin 10 mg group and 62.5% of the Empagliflozin 10 mg group. Most participants (61.7%) were categorized as NYHA-II in functional class. The main cause of heart failure was ischemic (55%), while the predominant state of the disease was chronic with 65% patients in this group. Conclusion: This preliminary manuscript evaluated the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in a Dominican heart failure patient cohort, finding notable gender, age, and risk factor variations, and emphasizing the need for standardized research methods in future investigations.

Продукционно-экологическая характеристика зоопланктона водоемов нижней и дельтовой частей реки Волги

The article considers the figures of zooplankton communities’ abundance and productivity the most important data in assessment of the overall production potential of water bodies. The aim of the research was to examine the qualitative and quantitative compositions of zooplankters and to determine the food capacity of water bodies (the Volga river, its tributaries the Akhtuba, the Bakhtemir, the Buzan, the Kizan and the ecosite of Zaburunka). To achieve this aim, there were applied standard methods of hydrobiological and hydrochemical research. During the whole vegetation period the quality of water in all reservoirs met the fishery requirements. It has been found out that cladocerans (Cladocera) dominated in the Akhtuba river, and copepods (Copepoda) dominated in the Buzan river. In the Volga river, as well as in the Bakhtemir, the Kizan and the Zaburunka ecosite rotifers (Rotifera) dominating in spring were replaced by copepods (Copepoda) that remained dominant zooplankters until the end of the vegetation period. Taken all together, copepods are the dominant and subdominant species in all the examined water bodies throughout the whole vegetation period. For the most part, copepods are represented by predators, i. e. food competitors of fish. The dynamics of zooplankton population and biomass was seasonal: the figures increased mainly from spring to summer, gained their maximum in summer, and then decreased to the minimum in autumn. The Buzan river was an exception: the maximum indices were recorded there in spring, whilst in summer they decreased quite dramatically (population by 76%, biomass by 75%) and in autumn stabilized slightly. The maximum indices of food capacity (above average) were registered in summer in all the examined water bodies, except the Kizanriver where the food capacity remained minimal throughout the whole season.

Use of Non-traditional Raw Materials in Yogurt Production Technology

Topicality. The problem of deteriorating public health prompts scientists and manufacturers to expand the assortment of functional products. In the market of the mentioned products in Europe and Ukraine, dairy foodstuff make up 65...67 %. Particularly, fermented milk products occupy a special place among them. Fermented milk drinks enriched with berry raw materials, which contain antioxidants etc., are in wide demand among the population. Therefore, the elaboration of new types of functional fermented milk drinks is an urgent issue today.&#x0D; Purpose and methods. The aim of this work is to study possibilities of using derivatives of Sambucus nigra processing products in yogurt production technology. Standard organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological and chromatographic research methods have been used in this research.&#x0D; Results. The recipe of yogurt from derivatives of elderberry processing has been substantiated and created, their organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological indicators have been studied.&#x0D; Conclusions and discussion of results. The elaborated technology for the production of elderberry powders with functional qualities, and their usage in yogurt production is appropriate for this production implementation. The research highlights that the way of osmotic dehydration allows preserving the biological value of processing products Sambucus nigra. These processing derivatives can be used as nutritional supplements in yogurt production in order to improve their alimentary value.

Изучение качества полуфабриката из ядер семян Pinus sibirica

Cedar-pine nut kernels are tasty and nutritious, which makes them a popular raw material. This research featured the effect of mechano-acoustic treatment on the quality of a novel semi-finished product from Pinus sibirica kernels.&#x0D; The production technology included the following stages. A mix of kernels and water underwent mechano-acoustic treatment (100–500 W/kg) at 63–67°C for 20 min. After that, the mix was packaged, cooled, and stored in plastic jars at 2–6 and –18–22°C. The study relied on conventional and standard research methods.&#x0D; The resulting light-cream homogeneous mass had a characteristic aroma and taste of cedar-pine nuts. Its nutrient composition was close to the original raw material: protein – 7.4%, fat – 22.6%, sugar – 1.4%, fiber – 1.4%, ash – 1.03%. However, the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms decreased by three orders of magnitude and that of yeast decreased by six times. In addition, the semi-finished product contained no non-spore-forming Escherichia coli. A set of sensory, physico-chemical, and microbiological tests revealed the shelf life of 14 days at 2–6°C and 24 months at –18–22°C.&#x0D; The mechano-acoustic homogenizer made it possible to obtain a high-quality semi-finished product from Pinus sibirica nut kernels with a simple production technology, long shelf life, and great commercial potential.