Standard BHA Research Articles

Türkiye’den Toplanan Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. Türünün Bazı Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması

In this study, it was aimed to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content and different biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor, anthelmintic) of the methanol extract of Inula graveolens (L.) Desf collected from Muğla (Turkey). As a result of the study, the total phenolic content was determined as 5.36±0.32 mg GAE/g, and the total flavonoid amount was determined as 3.49±0.05 mg QE/g extract equivalent. In the ß-carotene/linoleic acid method, the extract showed lower activity than the standard BHA used. The extract was determined to be equivalent to 4.28±0.24/0.47±0.03 mg TE/g extract in terms of copper and iron-reducing power capacity, respectively. Although the enzyme inhibitory activities of the extract increased with the increase in concentration, it was determined that it had lower activity than galantamine (89.41±0.05%) and kojic acid (73.93±0.10%) used as standard. Paralysis and death times of the extract at different concentrations (2.5,5,10,20 mg/mL) on Tubifex tubifex worms were determined. It was determined that the extract at high concentrations (20 mg/mL) exhibited an activity near that of andazole (10 mg/mL) used as a standard. According to these results, I. graveolens can be considered a good resource for the pharmaceutical industry due to its activities.

Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activity, DFT Calculations, and Docking Studies of New Pyridine-Malonate Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents

A series of new pyridine-malonate derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Their molecular geometry and chemical reactivity have been investigated using DFT calculations. The cytotoxicity of all synthesized compounds was assessed against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and A-2780) using the MTT assay. Among them, compounds 2a, 2c, 2e, and 2g showed comparable or more potent cytotoxicity toward the MCF-7 cells than the reference drug docetaxel (IC50 = 0.34–0.47 vs. 0.50 µM). In contrast, only compound 2g showed more potent cytotoxicity against the A-2780 cell line compared to the standard (IC50 = 0.36 vs. 0.42 µM). The docking study revealed a good affinity for the active site of the human topoisomerase-IIβ enzyme, which may explain the promising cytotoxicity of these classes of molecules. The radical scavenging activity of the respective compounds was studied using DPPH radical scavenging assay and it was found that most of the compounds are moderate DPPH radical scavengers compared to the standard drugs BHA and BHT.

Naphtho[2,1-b]furan derived triazole-pyrimidines as highly potential InhA and Cytochrome c peroxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, DFT calculations, drug-likeness profile, molecular docking and dynamic studies

Napthofuran and its fused heterocyclic derivatives evaluated with varied biological activity functional groups comprise an important class of compounds for new chemical entities. We here in reporting synthesis of new 3-(4-substituted phenyl)naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]furo[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidines 6(a-f). Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by making use of spectroscopic techniques like IR, NMR and Mass. The DFT calculations were taken for the selected molecules using B3LYP hybrid functional with a 6–31+G (d, p) all-electron basis set using the Gaussian 09 package. The bioactivity predictions were evaluated for the synthesized compounds. The In vitro biological activities were reported for the all compounds 6(a-f). The compound 6a showed high activity of anti-TB and antioxidant activity with at MIC 1.6 μg/ml and at percentage of inhibition (72.54±0.21) at 10μg/ml respectively. The compound 6f (73.21±0.11) showed antioxidant activity better than standard drug BHA (71.32±0.13) at 10 μg/ml. Furthermore, the docking studies for the newly synthesized molecules were carried out by Auto dock software with proteins InhA (4TZK),Cytochrome c peroxidase (2 × 08) and protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (PDB ID: 7TOB). All the compounds showed a strong binding affinity for the docked proteins. The outcome of docking results showed that compound 6ahad excellent binding energies -10.8, -9.4, and -9.0 kcal/mol with 4TZK, 2 × 08, and 7TOB respectively. Lastly, the protein stability, fluctuations of APO-Protein, protein-ligand complexes were investigated through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations studies using Desmond Maestro 11.3 and potential lead molecules were identified.

Identification of potential urease inhibitors and antioxidants based on saccharin derived analogs: Synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies

Saccharine-based molecules 1–30 were synthesized by reacting saccharine sodium with benzoyl/benzyl bromide derivatives in excellent yields. Compounds were structurally characterized and evaluated for urease inhibitory and antioxidant activities. All compounds have demonstrated inhibitory potential against the urease enzyme and have excellent antioxidant activity. Out of thirty molecules, eight compounds 1, 3–6, 14, 17, and 26 were identified as more active with IC50 values of 16.8 ± 0.8, 19.5 ± 0.8, 20.9 ± 0.7, 17.6 ± 0.1, 20.8 ± 0.7, 20.9 ± 0.5, 22.3 ± 0.2, and 22.0 ± 0.7 µM, respectively, than the standard inhibitor thiourea (IC50 = 22.4 ± 0.3 μM). Five compounds 2, 4–6, 14, and 18 are more active with IC50 values of 25.7 ± 0.5, 21.5 ± 0.8, 35.7 ± 0.2, 32.4 ± 0.5 and 19.0 ± 0.2 µM, respectively, than the standard inhibitor BHA (IC50 = 44.2 ± 0.5 μM). Docking studies showed all the synthetic compounds were well accommodated in the urease enzyme's active site, which correlated with the experimental results.

Bioinspired fabrication of CuONPs synthesized via Cotoneaster and application in dye removal: antioxidant and antibacterial studies.

In this study, bioinspired fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) which are widely researched in nanotechnology field with Cotoneaster extract was performed. Cotoneaster plant extract was chosen as a good antioxidant and antibacterial agent in terms of the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds it contains. The obtained CuONPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and SEM analyses. Antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanoparticles was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Total phenolic compound, total flavonoid amount, and reducing power of the CuONPs were determined. Furthermore, paint removal properties of copper oxide nanoparticles on various dyes were investigated. Fabrication of the CuONPs was evaluated morphologically by color change and in UV spectrum by SPR band at 338nm. The characteristic peak of CuONPs at 621cm-1 was monitored employing FT-IR. SEM results showed that the fabricated CuONPs were spherical and between 50 and 160nm. The CuONPs represented notable antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus with inhibition zone of 19 ± 1 and 23 ± 2, respectively employing disk diffusion. The antioxidant properties of the CuONPs were also confirmed. Total phenolic substance content of the CuONP solution was 6.04μg pyrocathecol equivalent/mg nanoparticle and total flavonoid content value was found as 122.46μg catechin equivalent/mg nanoparticle. The reducing power of the fabricated CuONPs was found to be good when compared to the standard antioxidants BHA and α-tocopherol. In addition, the decolorization efficiency of the fabricated CuONPs has a strong potential on the industrial dye removal of neutral red and naphthol blue black.

Study of anti-diabetic, beta-carotene-bleaching inhibiting and iron chelating properties of Carissa opaca root extracts

Degenerative diseases diabetes and oxidative stress constitute a major health concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are expected to provide effective and affordable remedies. The present research explored antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of extracts of Carissa opaca roots. Methanolic extract (ME) was prepared through maceration. Its fractions were obtained, sequentially, in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. An aqueous decoction (AD) of the finely ground roots was obtained by boiling in distilled water. The leftover biomass with methanol was boiled in water to obtain biomass aqueous decoction (BAD). The extracts and fractions showed considerable porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 in the range of 5.38-7.12 mg/mL while acarbose had 0.31 mg/mL. The iron chelating activity in terms of EC50 was 0.2939, 0.3429, 0.1876, and 0.1099 mg/mL for AD, BAD, ME, and EDTA, respectively. The EC50 of beta-carotene bleaching activity for AD, BAD, ME, and standard BHA were 4.10, 4.71, 3.48, and 2.79 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of AD and BAD were also considerable. In general, ethyl acetate fraction proved to be the most potent. Thus, the C. opaca roots had excellent antioxidant activity while having moderate α-amylase inhibitory potential.

Quantification of phenolic constituents and bioactive properties of callus and leaf tissue of Citrus jambhiri lush

The chemical constituents of callus and leaf tissues of Citrus jambhiri Lush were extracted in methanol, ethanol and chloroform and the extracts were estimated for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC).Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial potential of callus and leaf extracts revealed that methanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (radical scavenging index 4.55 of leaf extract and 9.09 of standard BHA).Further, these extracts were most effective against pathogenic bacteria (with inhibition zone diameters 8.0 and 8.9 mm against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, respectively). Leaf extracts were found to contain slightly higher amounts of TPC and TFC and hence, higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared to callus extracts.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. F. & Thomson Leaves and Its Biological Activities

In the current study, the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. F. & Thomson were identified by GC/MS analysis. A total of 25 components (91.1 %) in the essential oil were identified. The major compounds present in the oil were trans-caryophyllene (19.7 %), ocimene (13.2 %), E, E-α-farnesene (10.3 %), phenylmethyl ester (5.6 %), farnesyl acetone (5.1 %), t-muurolol (4.2 %), farnesol (3.7 %), β-elemene (3.1 %), α-cadinol (3.0 %), copaene (2.9 %), benzyl benzoate (2.3 %), trans-farnesol (2.1 %). The essential oil is rich in sesquiterpenoids including sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (42.3 %), monoterpene hydrocarbons (18.1 %), and in addition to that oxygenated compound representing (30.7 %). The Antioxidant efficiency of essential oil of C. odorata leaves was performed by DPPH radical method together with BHA as standard. The essential oil showed concentration-dependent antiradical activity with EC50 value of 19.5±1.25 μg/mL, when compared with standard BHA which showed EC50 value of 1.10±0.55 μg/mL. The in vitro anticancer potential of essential oil was evaluated by using MOLT-3 cell line by MTT assay. The C. odorata essential oil exhibited significant anticancer activity with IC50 value of 44.22 μg/mL. From the results, C. odorata essential oil has significant antioxidant and anticancer properties which can be utilised as a natural supplement as antioxidant and anticancer agents in pharmaceutical and food industries since it is available throughout the year.

In vitro study of the antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-urease effects of methanolic extracts from leaves of six Moroccan Lamiaceae

Six Lamiaceae from Morocco were screened for their antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-urease effects in the aim to assess their possible use as a source of bioactive compounds. The amounts of different phenolic compounds were also quantified using calorimetric methods. The highest total phenolic content was recorded with Lavandula pinnata (400.67 ± 3.39 μg GAE/mg), while he uppermost amounts of total flavonoids and condensed tannins were observed with Mentha pulegium (208.31 ± 12.18 µg QE/mg and 43.81 ± 4.07 µg CE/mg, respectively). The strongest antioxidant effect against the DPPH radical was exhibited by Salvia officinalis with an IC50 of 4.33 ± 0.41 µg/mL, which was similar to the value presented by the standard BHA (5.73 ± 0.41 µg/mL) and 5 times less than that obtained with BHT (22.32 ± 1.19 µg/mL). Salvia officinalis also showed remarkable scavenging activity of the radical ABTS with an IC50 of 4.75 ± 0.47 µg/mL, which was slightly higher than those recorded with BHA and BHT (1.81 ± 0.10 and 1.29 ± 0.30 µg/mL, respectively). All the plants gave high values of SPF ranged between 34.66 ± 0.28 and 39.07 ± 1.06. Salvia officinalis presented the best inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and urease with IC50 values of 20.43 ± 1.39 and 10.38 ± 0.10 µg/mL, respectively and was more powerful than kojic acid and thiourea used as standards for each assay, respectively. These results showed the variety of actions exerted by the plants studied, which make them potential candidates as a source of bioactive substances for various applications.

UV rays induced DNA damage: Protection by polyphenols enriched extract of mint leaves

DNA of live cells is damaged when exposed to harmful Ultraviolet rays. If the cells are exposed to UV rays exposure time more duration of time, more thymine dimers are formed in the DNA and the greater the risk of an incorrect repair or a missed dimer. To analyze the effect of UV rays Calf thymus DNA and prevention by polyphenol enriched extract of Mint leaves and also its non toxic nature. The above study was done by using submarine gel electrophoresis where UV rays are used to damage the DNA and BHA (400µM) used as positive control. The polyphenol enriched extract was taken at 15μg concentration prevent UV rays induced DNA fragmentation in submarine agarose gel electrophoresis which provides same protection when compared to standard antioxidant BHA (400μM). The cytotoxicity studies showed that, the extract and BHA provides a protection of 54% whereas, the extract of Mint leaves extract showed 72%. In conclusion, the Mint leaves extract showed a promising DNA protectant activity against UV rays induced DNA damage.

Study of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pyrrole-chalcones

The resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to accessible antibiotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics and anti-convulsants are rapidly forming a foremost problem worldwide. The detailed spectroscopic, DFT, antimicrobial, and antioxidant analysis of synthesized pyrrole chalcone derivatives (3a, 3c, 3h, 3i, and 5a) have been performed and interpreted. Occurring of doublet in 1H NMR spectra of (3a, 3c, 3h, 3i, and 5a) compounds in the range of δ 7.656-6.960 confirms the presence of β-vinyl (=C-H) proton and another doublet at δ 7.206-6.707 confirms the presence of α-vinyl (=C-H) proton, respectively, confirming the formation of reported products. The global electrophilicity index (ω = 5.26 eV) shows that the (3g) molecule is a strong electrophile among all the studied compound. All compounds tends to the formation of pyrazoline, oxazoline heterocyclic compounds which may have considerable pharmacological activities and material applications. The solvent-induced effects on the non-linear optical properties (NLO) were studied by using self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method. As the solvent polarity increases, the β value have been found to increases monotonically. The compound (3a, 3c, 3g, 3h, 3i, and 5a) displayed better non-linear optical (NLO) responses than the standard p-Nitro aniline (pNA) in solvent and as well as in gas phase. 3g and 3i have high NLO values even in gas phase which can be attributed to their unsymmetrical and high non-planar structure. All studied compounds (3a, 3c, 3g, 3h, 3i, and 5a) show good antifungal and antibacterial activity against A. Niger and gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis but 3g, 3h, and 3i showed more prominent activity which can be attributed to their either substituents. Compounds 3h, 3c, 3a, and 3g showed better free radical scavenging than standard BHT, whereas 3h, 3c, 3a showed better Fe2+ ion chelating activity than standard EDTA, and better Total reductive capability than standard BHA. Thus they are suitable for both material and biological applications.

DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents and chemical composition analysis of forty-two kinds of essential oils

Forty-two commonly used essential oils were investigated for the antioxidant capabilities by DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay. At the concentration of 5 mg/mL, cinnamon bark (91.4 ± 0.002%), origanum (86.66 ± 0.008%) and thyme wild (52.54 ± 0.016%) were shown to own the strongest DPPH free-radical scavenging activity. Their total phenolic contents were 658.40 ± 4.383, 1107.20 ± 0.768 and 275.50 ± 0.607 (μg GAE / 5 mg essential oil), respectively. To compare with the standard reference BHA (μg/mL), their EC50 were in the order: BHA (25.11 μg/mL) < cinnamon bark (90.63 μg/mL) origanum (62.63 ± 1.73 μmol trolox/g) > theme wild (5.88 ± 0.16 μmol trolox/g). The chemical compositions of cinnamon bark, origanum and thyme wild were analyzed by GC-MS and followed by DPPH free-radical scavenging activity assay to confirm that eugenol, carvacrol and thymol were the major compositions contributing the antioxidative capabilities of the essential oils.

Egyptian Arthrospira phytosterols: production, identification, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities

Cultivation of microalgae as a source of phytosterol and other lipid compounds has gained more attention for commercial applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food function industries. In this research, native Spirulina maxima SM from Egypt was grown in individual cultures containing various concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) elements in order to elucidate the effect of its elements on lipid and phytosterols production and to evaluate its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The results revealed that the SM was able to grow in different concentrations of testing elements S (from 0.3 to 2.4 mM), P (from 0.3 to 2.4 mM) and N (0.3 to 3.2 mM) with significant differences. A high potential for production of MS biomass, total lipid and phytosterol contents were obtained in individual cultures containing 0.6 mM N, 0.6 mM P and 0.80 mM, respectively. Therefore, these concentrations (combination of S+P+N element) were selected for cultivation of SM at large scale in a column photobioreactor (PBR 300 L) to induce sufficient SM biomass so that, we can obtain an adequate amount of total lipid and phytosterol contents. Phytosterols (PS) of native SM grown in the 300 L PBR were partially purified from unsaponified extracts of SM total lipid followed by its purification by crystallization process. The identification and quantification of PS profile were performed by GC-FID analysis. The results revealed high levels of campsterol, D7-Avena sterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and other compounds. These PS compounds showed marked in vitro superoxide, DPPH and .OH radical scavenging activity, which was comparable with the results obtained with standard antioxidants BHA or α-tocopherol. Moreover, SM phytosterols exhibited anti-proliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Hep-G2 and HCT-116) with IC50 values less than 11.62 µg/mL as assessed by in vitro MTT colorimetric method. Thus, SM phytosterol may be considered as a potential natural source of promising ingredient in the future for a range of health applications for human, cosmetic industries and in functional food.

In vitro antioxidant activity of crude protein of Coleus aromaticus

Objective Coleus aromaticus CA is a medicinal plant used popularly in India against various diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of the proteins isolated from Coleus aromaticus plant leaves.Methods Proteins from the Coleus aromaticus water extract was isolated by ammonium sulphate protein precipitation method. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out by 22-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl DPPH Nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging methods compared with standard antioxidant like Butylated Hydroxy Anisole BHA and Ascorbic acid.Results The percentage inhibition of radical scavenging activity increased with increase in concentrations of crude protein of Coleus aromaticus extract and is comparable with standard antioxidants BHA and ascorbic acid.Conclusion The results of this study showed that the Coleus aromaticus proteins possess significant antioxidant activity when compared to standard antioxidants

Biosynthesis of silver, gold and silver–gold alloy nanoparticles using Persea americana fruit peel aqueous extract for their biomedical properties

While several green biomolecules have been used to synthesize functional and biologically compatible nanoparticles, little attention has been paid to Persea americana (PA) (avocado) fruit extract as a potential reducing agent. This study used avocado fruit peel aqueous extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PAAgNPs), gold nanoparticles (PAAuNPs) and bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (PAAg–AuNPs). The particles were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction among others. The particles were assessed for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The UV–vis spectroscopy showed PAgNPs, PAAuNPs and PAAg–AuNPs with surface plasmon resonance at 455.5, 538 and 540.5 nm, respectively. The significant FTIR peaks: PAAgNPs (3358 cm−1), PAAuNPs (3503 cm−1) and PAAg–AuNPs (3651 cm−1) pointed to protein as both capping and stabilizing agents for the synthesized nanoparticles. Generally, the particles were spherical, with size range of 18–80 nm for PAAgNPs, 16–71 nm for PAAuNPs and 44–55 nm for PAAg–AuNPs. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectra showed silver, gold and silver/gold as conspicuous metals in PAAgNPs, PAAuNPs and PAAg–AuNPs colloids, respectively. SAED showed ring-shaped patterns for the particles. The nanoparticles effectively inhibited growth of tested bacteria (11–94%) for PAAgNPs, (10–77%) for PAAuNPs and (20–85%) for PAAg–AuNPs. The effectiveness of the biosynthesized nanoparticles can be placed as PAAg–AuNPs > PAAgNPs > PAAuNPs. The fungal inhibition performances are 33–76%, 50–82% and 27–88% for PAAgNPs, PAAuNPs and PAAg–AuNPs, respectively, while DPPH-scavenging activities were 57.82–63.25%, 15.28–54.50% and 53.05–54.26%, which were dose dependent at the tested concentrations of 20–100 µg/ml with good antioxidant activities compared to standard BHA (41.46–84.57%) and ascorbic acid (43.56–91.10%). The bleaching inhibition assay of ABTS showed activities of 56.15–85.43% (PAAgNPs), 34.67–50.93% (PAAuNPs) and 45.31–94.01% (PAAg–AuNPs). The lower concentrations of EC50 were obtained in nanoparticles (24.45–58.33 µg/ml) compared with the standards (38.42–69.04 µg/ml), indicating that the nanoparticles could suffice as good agents in drug consignment. This study has demonstrated the potential of P. americana fruit peel aqueous extracts to synthesize AgNPs, AuNPs and Ag–AuNPs for antimicrobial and antioxidant applications. The current work, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to use avocado peel extract to synthesis nanoparticles.

Antidiabetic, antioxidant, molecular docking and HPTLC analysis of miquelianin isolated from Euphorbia schimperi C. Presl

The present study demonstrates the miquelianin or quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (compound 1) isolated from aerial parts of Euphorbia schimperi exhibited significant results for antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. The compound 1 along with kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide (compound 2) and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (compound 3) isolated from the same source were quantified by validated HPTLC method. Antioxidant activity was determined by chemical means in terms of ABTS radical cation and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compound 1 showed significant scavenging activity in both ABTS and DPPH assays as compared to standard BHA. In ABTS method IC50 values of compound 1 and standard BHA is found to be 58.90 ± 3.40 µg/mL and 28.70 ± 5.20 µg/mL respectively while in DPPH assay IC50 values of Compound 1 and standard BHA is 47.20 ± 4.90 µg/mL and 34.50 ± 6.20 µg/mL respectively. Antidiabetic effect was studied through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The mechanistic approach through molecular modelling also support the strong binding sites of compound 1 which showed significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values 128.34 ± 12.30 and 89.20 ± 9.20 µg/mL respectively as compared to acarbose 64.20 ± 5.60 and 52.40 ± 4.60 µg/mL respectively. The results of validated RP-HPTLC analyses revealed the concentration of compound 1 found to be 16.39 µg/mg and for compound 2 and compound 3 as 3.92 and 14.98 µg/mg of dried extract, respectively.

Bioactive contents, In vitro antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) extracts

Rheum ribes L. (rhubarb) is belonging to Polygonaceae, and its roots and fresh shoots are consumed as vegetable in Turkey. This plant is considered to be one of the most important pharmaceutical raw materials in Middle East. In this study, the antiradical, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and bioactive properties of water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of R. ribes stems were determined. R. ribes stems water, ethanol and methanol extracts are better scavenged ABTS•+ (99.27, 99.91, and 99.88%), DPPH• (83.11, 81.42, and 83.26%), and OH• radicals (93.49, 94.21, 95.86%) than standard antioxidant BHA (95.32, 80.49, and 93.78%). Stems of R. ribes abundantly include bioactive compounds, dominated by rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, α-tocopherol and vitamin D. These extracts show effective cytotoxic properties against PC-3, A2780, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines at 24h. It is found that R. ribes contain high amount important bioactive contents, and has effective antiradical and cytotoxic properties.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Silver, Gold and Silver-Gold Alloy Nanoparticles phytosynthesized using extract of Opuntia ficus-indica

Abstract Aqueous extract of Opuntia ficus-indica (OF) was employed to reduce salt solutions of silver nitrate, gold chloride and silver nitrate/gold chloride to OFAgNPs, OFAuNPs, and OFAg-AuNPs respectively. Characterization of the particles was carried out using different standard methods, and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed silver, gold and silver-gold alloys nanoparticles with surface plasmon resonance at 462, 545 and 539 nm, respectively. The significant FTIR peaks: OFAgNPs (3300 and 1635 cm−1), OFAuNPs (3288 and 1635 cm−1) and OFAg-AuNPs (3307 and 1637 cm−1) for synthesized nanoparticles pointed to protein as both capping and stabilizing agent. Generally, particles were spherical with size range of 27-38 nm, 11-28 nm and 15-54 nm for silver, gold and silver-gold alloys nanoparticles respectively. OFAgNPs gave highest antagonistic effects against tested bacteria (35-82%), followed by OFAg-AuNPs (12-75%) and AuNPs (11-48%). The fungal inhibition of 44-70% for OFAgNPs, 42-79% for OFAuNPs and 52-92% for OFAg-AuNPs were obtained. DPPH scavenging activities were obtained as follows: OFAgNPs (52.25–57.50%), OFAuNPs (37.07-59.07%) and OFAg-AuNPs (37.07-63.00%) at tested concentrations of 20–100 µg/ml, which were dose-dependent in comparison with standard BHA (42.57–91.27%) and ascorbic acid (52.13–84.20%). The bleaching inhibition assay of ABTS showed activities of 41.33–61.83% (OFAgNPs), 27.37-50.60% (OFAuNPs) and 32.83-44.33% (OFAg-AuNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated an excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The current study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time to use Opuntia ficus-indica to synthesize silver, gold and silver-gold alloys nanoparticles.

In vitro antioxidant activity of crude protein of Coleus aromaticus

Objectivenbsp Coleus aromaticus CA is a medicinal plant used popularly in India against various diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of the proteins isolated from Coleus aromaticus plant leaves. MethodsProteins from the coleus aromaticus water extract was isolated by ammonium sulphate protein precipitation method. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out by 22-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl DPPH Nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging methods compared with standard antioxidant like Butylated Hydroxy Anisole BHA and Ascorbic acid. ResultsThe percentage inhibition of radical scavenging activity increased with increase in concentrations of crude protein of Coleus aromaticus extract and is comparable with standard antioxidants BHA and ascorbic acid. Conclusion The results of this study concluded that the Coleus aromaticus proteins possess significant antioxidant activity when compared to standard antioxidants.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Schiff bases of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and antioxidant activities

This work reports a novel and highly efficient methodology for the synthesis of Schiff bases of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives (3a-h) by the condensation of 4-amino-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-tosyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (2) derivative with various aromatic aldehydes under ultrasound irradiation. The major advantages of the reported method are its operational simplicity, extremely mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, and excellent yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and the X-ray crystallography (for compound 3f).The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The IC50 value of synthesized Schiff bases were calculated and compared with standard BHA. All compounds showed excellent activity with inhibition values in the range of 71.22 ± 0.98–96.42 ± 0.02% at 1.20 μM.The newly synthesized compounds were also evaluated for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. The results were compared to captopril as a reference drug. All compounds showed ACE inhibition activity from 66% to 95%. Moreover, the synthetic compounds displayed virtually no cytotoxicity. The docking of chemical compounds in the ACE active site revealed possible inhibitory effect of all compounds on the catalytic activity of the enzyme, which would satisfactorily explain the anti-hypertensive effect of these compounds.